Objective To investigate the changes of neurotransmitters and the relationship between neurotransmitters and nerve regeneration during the optic regeneration in zebrafish. Methods Using the classical retinotectal regeneration model and electromicroscopy, we observed the ultrastructural changes of synapses of the superficial fiber and gray stratum(SFGS) in the tectum. Results The morphological changes of synapses can be divided into 4 stages: 1. Synaptic degeneration at the early stage after lesion. 2. Regenerating optic nerve fibers entered the SFGS laminar of the tectum, the densities of large granule vesicles (LGV) and small granule vesicles(SGV) were increased. 3. Lots of synapses were formed, the densities of small round clear vesicles (SCV) and small flat clear vesicles(FCV)were increased dramatically .4. Morphological recovery and refinement of the retinotopic innervation. Conclusion Neurotransmitters might play an important role during the regeneration of optic nerve, and they exhibited their effects in a chronological way.

Objective To investigate the changes of neurotransmitters and the relationship between neurotransmitters and nerve regeneration during the optic regeneration in zebrafish.Methods Using the classical retinotectal regeneration model and electromicroscopy,we observed the ultrastructural changes of synapses of the superficial fiber and gray stratum(SFGS)in the tectum. Results The morphological changes of synapses can be divided into 4 stages:1.Synaptic degeneration at the early stage after lesion.2. Regenerating optic nerve fibers entered the SFGS laminar of the tectum,the densities of large granule vesicles(LGV)and small granule vesicles(SGV)were increased.3. Lots of synapses were formed,the densities of small round clear vesicles(SCV)and small flat clear vesicles(FCV)were increased dramatically.4. Morphological recovery and refinement of the retinotopic innervation.Conclusion Neurotransmitters might play an important role during the regeneration of optic nerve,and they exhibited their effects in a chronological way.

Objective To investigate the impact on the endothelial cell function and renal blood flow through effective treatment for elderly patients with hypertension. Methods 64 cases of elderly hypertensive patients over 70years old with effective treatment, according to pre-treatment blood pressure, were divided into two groups: hyptension level-2 group(30cases) and hypertension level-3 group(34cases), and 30 cases of elderly people with health physical examination during the same period were setlected as the control group. Endothelial cell function was detected, including the endothelin-1 (ET-1)、 nitrous oxide (NO), thromboxane B2 (TXB2)、 6-keto-prostaglandinF1α (6-K-PDGF1α) in plasma. Renal blood flow was explored by color doppler ultrasonic instrument ,involving peak velocity in systole(PSV) and lowest velocity in end-diastole(EDV) of renal arteries, segmental arteries and interlobar arteries.After indicators had reached the standard 1 month in the hypertension level-2 and hypertension leve1-3 patients with effective antihypertensive therapy, the difference of ET-1, NO, TXB2,6-k-PGF1o and PSV, EDV among the three groups were compared. Results The differences were statistically significant in ET-1, NO, TXB2,6-k-PGF1α, PSV and EDV before treatment among three groups (P ＜ 0.05). After blood pressure treated had reached the standard 1 month,indicators were no statistically meaningful difference among the three groups (P ＞ 0.05). Conclusion After effective clinical treatments, the endothelial cell function and renal blood flow of the elderly hypertensive patients can be improved. At the same time, to delay renal damage in elderly patients with hypertension provide a theoretical basis.

Objective To explore the imaging and clinical pathological features of extranoda and intranoda lymphoma in head and neck characterized by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods 46 malignant lymphoma patients were confirmed by surgery and pathology.The CT and MR images data were reviewed and analyzed in comparison with surgical and pathological results.Diagnostic value of the CT and MRI findings were analyzed. Results The subjects enrolled in this study including 38 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL)and 8 cases of Hodgkin Lymphoma(HL).The pathological sites of extranodal lymphomas (45.65 ％,21/46) included nasal (10 cases),Waldeyer ring (7 cases),throat (2 cases),Thyroid(1 case) and parotid (1 case).The lymph nodes metastases in the neck were observed in 13 cases of Extranodal lymphomas.Intranodal lymphoma in neck (54.35 ％,25/46) involved all district lymph nodes especially Ⅱ-Ⅳ districts. According to the Ann Arbor staging,14 cases were Ⅰ staging, 19 cases Ⅱ staging,none Ⅲ staging,Ⅳ staging 13 cases.According tumor form,21 cases were multinodulars,12 cases mass type, 11 cases diffuse swelling type, 2 cases ulcer or necrotic type. Conclusion CT and MR images might indicate the location, morphology, surrounding tissue and lymph nodes metastases of malignant lymphoma in head and neck.Great value in clinical diagnosis and treatment is observed.

Objective To investigate the application of three stages enhanced scan of multi-slice spiral CT for the characteristic analysis on the wall and lumen of colorectal mucous adenocarcinoma.Methods 51 patients with colorectal mucinous adenocarcinoma who had complete pathologic diagnosis were studied.GE Discovery CT 750HD scanner was used for line scan,arterial and portal venous phase scan,and delayed scan.The lesions of intestinal wall,enteric cavity and proximal normal lumen were observed by line scan and enhanced scan,and the related quantitative value and CT value were observed.Results The intestinal wall was uneven annular thickening or hemispherical thickening.The thickening intestinal wall showed lobular changes around the inner margin,outer margin,or without lobular changes.The hierarchical sign and cystoids sign were observed with three layers or two layers structure after enhanced scan.Metastases of the larger lymph node,liver,ovaries were characterized similar to cyst.According to the form,the stenosis was divided into natural streamlined,irregular fixed,and irregular constrictive types.The proximal normal intestinal canal of the lesion showed occlusion,mild expansion or severe expansion.Conclusions Walls of colorectal mucous adenocarcinoma was uneven annular thickening or hemispherical thickening,in which calcification was found,and there was features of similar to layer and cyst after enhancement.The stiff intestinal wall appeared less,and the proximal bowel obstruction was rare.Therefore,depend on these characteristics,the diagnosis of colorectal mucous adenocarcinoma can be achieved.

Objective Make a scientific approach to the validity of 3D-VIBE MRI on breast tumor's evaluation.Methods 141 breast processes were examined by 3D Dynamic scanning technique with high speed and resolution, Compared with postop pathological appearance, the diagnosis of breast tumor, the ductal carcinoma in situ, their circumscriptions, and axillary lymph node metastasis were evaluated. Results The coincidence of tumor existence diagnosis was 97.2 ％(137/141). The accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of progression in duct were 69.4 ％(93/134), 75 ％(100/134), 57.1％(77/134), respectively.The accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of axillary lymph node metastasis were 92.5 ％(124/134), 53.8 ％(72/134), and 96.7 ％(129/134) respectively. Conclusion The reconstruction images through 3D Dynamic scanning technique with high speed and resolution could discover minute breast tumor and the extent of axillary lymph node metastasis around breast,and the extent of diseases in duct can also be effectively evalnated.

ObjectiveTo analyze the imageology appearance and clinical characteristics of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast.MethodsFeatures of MRI(4 patients)and B-type ultrasonic inspection(5 patients)of nine patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast pathologically confirmed were retrospectively reviewed. Compared with postoperative pathological appearance, the correlation between imageology appearance and clinical, pathological characteristics was analyzed. ResultsImageology appearance:In MRI:The tumor diameter was around 50 mm;The tumors were located at nearby papillae;There were two patients with pachymenia at the same time;The tumor margin was unclear,which has clear tumor wall structure and heterogeneous pachymenia,and without corpora mammillaria shadow which was toward interior;The tumors were low signal on T1WI and partially high signal on T2WI;The image with enhancement scanning showed that parenchymatous part of tumor were enhanced,while enhancements were not obviously at the centre of tumor with necrosis.In B-type ultrasonic inspection:The average diameter of tumors was around 40 mm, there were NT=0 mm in 4 cases. NT=19 mum in 1 case. The tumors presented as shape of clump or sublobe,which had unclear margin and high echoic region behind the tumor.There were also normal echo at the tumor lateral in 2 cases at the same time,and 4 cases showed blood supply was abundant, and 2 cases showed that there were colliquation and necrosis which had cystic hypoechoic signal at the tumor interior.MMG:There were class-4 in 2 cases,and Class-3 in 1 case.The tumor with little calcification which had no obvious veining showed uniformly high densities.All patients were treated with entire mastectomy. The patho-staging showed 3 cases were in ⅢB, 1 case was Ⅱ B, and 1 case was in Ⅱ A. Theresults of ER and PR with all patients were negative by using immunohistochemistry. 3 cases were also treated with chemotherapy after surgery; other organs (brain and lung) were found metabasis by follow-up visit of post-operation.ConclusionFor patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast,MMG inspection before surgery did not have specific imageology characteristics, while MRI has. The combination of MRI, B-type ultrasonic inspection and CNB can detect pathologic types and invasive circumscription,so it may have great applications for choose of surgery style and directions of therapy in the future.

Objective To investigate CT feature after contrast-enhanced and anatomic distribute of the whole body lymph nodes involved by lymphoma. Methods The whole body CT findings in 89 cases (HL 12 cases, NHL 77 cases) of malignant lymphoma were retrospectively analyzed. The contrast-enhanced CT features (size, density and the digree of contrast enhancement) and anatomic distribution of the whole body lymph nodes involved by lymphoma were clarified. Results In the HL group, Diffuse and homogeneous enhancement of the enlarged lymph nodes was found in 9 cases (75.0 %), while homogeneous enhancement of the enlarged lymph nodes with some little necrosis was found in 3 cases (25.0 %). In the NHL group, diffuse and homogeneous enhancement of the enlarged lymph nodes was found in 64 cases (83.1 %), while homogeneous enhancement of the enlarged lymph nodes with some little necrosis was found in 13 cases (16.9 %). There was not statistically significant (Fisher exact probability, P = 0.4461) between the two groups. In the HL group, the enlarged lymph nodes were mixed together in 6 cases (50.0 %), while the enlarged lymph nodes were separate in 6 cases (50.0 %). In the NHL group, the enlarged lymph nodes were mixed together in 8 cases (10.4 %), while the enlarged lymph nodes were separate in 69 cases (89.6 %), there was statistically significant (Fisher exact probability, P = 0.0028). The dominant anatomic distributions of the lymph nodes involved by HL group were neck and mediastinum. The dominant anatomic distributions of the lymph nodes involved by NHL group were neck, mediastinum and abdomen, there was not statistically significant between the anatomic distributions (Fisher exact probability, P =0.110). Conclusion CT can easily demonstrate the involvement and extension of malignant involving the whole body, but CT can not differentiate HL and NHL except for the confluence state.

Objective To investigate the risk factors and early diagnosis of the severe thrombocytopenia complicating transcatheter ccclusion of patent ductus arteriosus ( PDA ) . Methods Between February, 2011 and May, 2015, 80 patients with patent ductus arteriosus underwent percutaneous intervention occlusion were studied. Results Average age were ( 17. 5 ± 17. 1 ) years, 63 were females (78. 8%), mean weight were (35. 6 ± 20. 2)kg (from 6. 0 to 75. 0 kg), mean body surface area (BSA) were (1. 09 ±0. 44) m2(from 0. 32 to 1. 91 m2). A bolus of heparin calcium (80 U/kg) was administered by intravenous injection. The mean diameters of patent ductus arteriosus were 4 mm (from 2 to 18 mm), and the mean diameters of occluders were 12 mm (from 6 to 30 mm). 14 patients were found to have severe thrombocytopenia (PLT count﹤100 × 109/L). The reduction rate of platelet in 12 of 14 patients was more than 19%. The diameters of all occluders were equal to or more than 14 mm, the mean diameters of patent ductus arteriosus were 10 mm ( from 6 to 18 mm) and the mean diameters of occluders were 18 mm ( from 14 to 30 mm). All the 14 patients started to present progressive decrease in PLT count since the second day post procedure. Taking the selected occluder diameter greater than 14 mm as cut-off points in diagnosis of severe thrombocytopenia, the sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 68%, the positive predictive value was 40%, and the negative predictive value was 100%. Combined with the postprocedural second day complete blood count analysis and the platelet count decreased by 10% as cut-off points in diagnosis of severe thrombocytopenia patients, the sensitivity was 93%, specificity was 67%, the positive predictive value was 65%, the negative predictive value was 93% . If taking the platelet count decreased by 7% on second day as cut-off points in diagnosis of severe thrombocytopenia patients, the sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 57%, the positive predictive value was 61%, the negative predictive value was 100% . Logistic regression analysis discovered that risk factors of severe thrombocytopenia after PDA are procedural platelet count and occluder diameter. Conclusions The risk factors of severe thrombocytopenia complicating transcatheter ccclusion of patent ductus arteriosus were the procedural reduction of platelet count and big occluder diameter. Patients with PDA who were inplanted with occluders equal to or bigger than 14 mm should retest the numbers of platelet on the second day after procedure and retest on third day if the numbers reduce on the second day, which may help in the prediction of severe thrombocytopenia.

Objective To evaluate clinical effectiveness of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects ( ASD) with severe pulmonary arterial hyperyension ( sPAH) by fenestrated Amplatzer septal occluders ( ASO) . Methods From September 2002 to April 2013, 17 patients of ASD with sPAH received transcatheter ASD closure using fenestrated occluders. Aged from 18 - 72 years, the diameters of ASDs were 18 - 33 mm. The systolic pulmonary arterial hypertension measured by transthoracic echocardiogram were 80 - 112 (96. 9 ± 8. 9) mmHg. The follow-up study included electrocardiography, chest radiography and echocardiography. All the patients were followed up for 1. 5 - 12 ( mean 6. 4 ± 0. 7) years. Results Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP) of 60 - 108 (88. 7 ± 11. 7) mmHg and mean pulmonary artery pressure ( mPAP) of 29. 3 - 60 (51. 0 ± 8. 1) mmHg were measured by cardiac catheterization before ASD closure. Qp/ Qs was 1. 50 - 2. 44 (1. 8 ± 0. 31) and the pulmonary vascular resistance was 3. 1 - 9. 7 (5. 6 ± 1. 5) wood units (wu) . Immediately after the implantation of fenestrated occluders, sPAP decreased to 56 - 99 (70 ± 11. 5) mmHg and mPAP to 27 - 51. 7 (41. 1 ± 7. 1) mmHg. On the 3 d, 3 m and 6 m follow-up exam, RVEDd decreased ( P ﹤ 0. 05), while LVEDd, LVEDV and LVEF increased significantly (P ﹤ 0. 05) . sPAP decreased significantly after transcatheter closure at 3 m and 6 m as compared to pre-closure levels (both P ﹤ 0. 05) . The mean sPAP in long term follow up was (60. 2 ± 13. 3) mmHg which had significant decrease compared to pre-closure level ( P ﹤ 0. 01), but no significant difference found when compared to 6 m follow up (P ﹥ 0. 05). Conclusions ASD closure with fenestrated ASO is a satisfactory approach for ASD with severe PAH.