Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disease.As the most common type of senile dementia disease,AD has no effective methods for early diagnoses.AD is characterized by the deposition of intracellular amyloid β (Aβ) plaques and extracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in the brain.In addition to allomnesia and cognitive disorder,ocular manifestation such as cataracts exists in AD patients.Studies have shown that amyloid-β (Aβ) is deposited not only in the brain but also in crystalline lens.For its structure and special location,crystalline len is more accessible for imaging than the brain,which can provide a simple,convenient and early diagnosis method for AD.Hence,it is worth investigating the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and cataracts.

Objective To study the effects of valproic acid (VPA) to the expression of SMN2 mRNA in neuron-like cells (NLCs) derived from patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymerphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed to select the patients with SMA. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from patients were induced into NLCs which were set as the model of neurons. The transcripts of SMN2 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) combined with sequenceing were detected. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis was performed to detect the changes of SMN2 mRNA expression between before and after the NLCs were treated by VPA. Results Two bands (266 bp and 212 bp) were found in the gel picture of RT-PCR, which were respectively the products of full length transcript (fl-SMN mRNA) and skipping exon 7 (SMN?7 mRNA). NLCs had significantly increased fl-SMN mRNA and SMN?7 mRNA levels as compared with the untreated cells after treatment with VPA, and shown a dose effect(0.210?0.035,0.282?0.041,0.351?0.020,0.450?0.052,0.553?0.035,P

Objective To study the clinical and pathological manifestation of simple polymyositis. To investigate the expression of costimulatory molecules CD28/CTLA-4: B7 in peripheral blood lymphocytes and their roles in the pathogenesis of SPM.Methods The clinical situation, serum emzymes, electromyography(EMG) and muscular pathology of 141 patients with SPM were investigated. The expression of costimulatory molecules CD28, CTLA-4, B7-1, BB-1 and B7-2 in peripheral blood lymphocytes of six patients with simple polymyositis was measured with one-color flow cytometry(FCM). The control group were healthy volunteers.Results Muscle weakless, myalgia, elevation of creatine kinase and abnormal EMG of myogenic damage were very frequently to see in SPM. The muscle biopsy showed degeneration, necrosis and regeneration of muscle fibres, sporadic muscle fibre atrophy and endomysial inflammatory infiltration. The expression levels of costimulatory molecules CD28, CTLA-4, B7-1 and B7-2 in peripheral blood lymphocytes increased in SPM. Compared to control group, the mean fluorescence intensity of these molecules in SPM group showed by FCM increased remarkably (CD28, B7-2, P

Objective To explore the expression of G protein inwardly rectifier potassium channels subunit 2(GIRK*!2) in hippocampus of temporal epileptic rat.Methods After temporal lobe epilepsy was induced by kainic acid (KA), we took advantage of in situ hybridization to investigate the altered expression of GIRK*!2 mRNA in rat hippocampus.Results GIRK*!2 mRNA significantly increased in epileptic rats dentate gyrus region compared with normal control( P

Objective To determine the characteristic features of clinical manifestation, imaging and pathology in the patients with hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis (HCP). Methods All clinical data of 1 patient with HCP were studied retrospectively. Results The patient presented with heavy headache, progressive visual acuity decreased and hoarse voice. Brain MRI displayed abnormal strengthening signals in cerebral dura mater, especially in cerebral falx and tentorium of cerebellum. Pathological examination demonstrated chronic inflammation changes including numerous plasmocytes infiltration, accrementition and glassy degeneration of fibrous tissue, formation of granulation tissue. Therapy with corticosteroid hormone showed good effect for this patient.Conclusions HCP mainly presents with headache and paralysis of multiple cranial nerves. Distinctive sign on brain MRI is strengthening signal in cerebral dura. Chronic inflammation is the pathological change of this disease and pathological examination plays important role in diagnosis of HCP.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of lymphoplasmapheresis (LPE) in treatment of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Methods The initial recovery time of muscle strength, muscle strength score difference, clinical therapeutic effect and the security after treatment with LPE were observed in 34 GBS patients. Meanwhile, 17 GBS patients applied with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) named TPE group were served as control group. Results LPE group was treated with LPE 51 times in all, and the mean times was 1.5. TPE group received TPE 33 times in all, and the mean times were 1.9. In LPE group, the average initial recovery time [(12.74?7.18)d] was significantly shorter than that in TPE group [(24.35?14.22)d] (P0.05).Conclusions The therapeutic effect of LPE is distinguished for treatment with GBS and the side effect is rare. It is worth to apply in clinic.

Regeneration of axon was play an important role in the functional repair after spinal cord injury,and it was affected by vascular damage,absent availability nutrition transportation,urged to be solved.Inducing angiogenesis by electrical fields might be benefit to enhance anatomical plasticity and recovery of function after spinal cord injury.

Objective To develop new-type multi-body-position tripod of X-ray appratus for field battle.Methods One screw was added to the bottom of axis stayer of the original tripod for the inversion of fixed bulb so that the bulb could vertically project.Three support feet were porlonged at the same time.Results The X-ray appratus of the new-type multi-body-position tripod could project for patients in satnding or lying position and the range of focus adjustmet was enlarged,which could meet nomal requirements.The new-added crew was firm and its support quality was greatly over the quality of X-ray appratus.Compared with the original one,the barycenter of the appratus was lower,and the hemline length was longer.It remaind portable for the overall quality and length didn't change apparantly.Conclusion The new-type multi-body-position tripod of X-ray appratus for field battle meets the practical field requirments.

Objective To investigate the presentation and radiologic findings of acute marchiafava‐bignami disease(MBD) . Methods Three cases of acute MBD who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed ,including the clinical symptoms ,laboratory tests ,imaging examination(such as cranial CT ,magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) ,prognosis .Results Three cases were acute onset .The symptoms may be non‐specific ,such as consciousness disorder ,psychosis ,seizures ,delirium tremor and high fever .The imaging changes in the genu and splenium of corpus callosum could be found ,even in the bihemispheric white matter of all cases .CT revealed low‐density areas ,meanwhile MRI showed iso‐or hypo‐intensity on T1WI and ADC ,hyper‐in‐tensity on T2WI and fluid attenuated inversion recovery and restricted diffusion weighted imaging .The lesions involved in bihemi‐spheric brachium pontis in one case and in the body of corpus callosum in another case .Conclusion Acute MBD may present with various clinical forms ,but have characteristic imaging findings .

BACKGROUND:Transplanted neural stem cel s can survive, proliferate and differentiate into neurons and/or glial cel s in the host, thereby promoting partial function recovery in the host.
OBJECTIVE:To study the therapeutic effects of neural stem cel transplantation on cerebral palsy rats. METHODS:Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into three groups:control group, model group and transplantation group. Animal models of cerebral palsy were made in the latter two groups. One week after modeling, rats in the transplantation group were injected 1 mL stem cel suspension (1×105) via the jugular vein, and rats in the control and model group were given the same volume of normal saline. Toe distance, step length and elevated body swing test in rats were detected, and histopathological changes in the rat brain were observed 3 weeks after transplantation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the model group, the toe distance and step length of the front left palm were significantly lower than those of the front right palm (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the toe distance and step length in the transplantation and control groups were significantly increased (P<0.05). In the elevated body swing test, rats in the model group presented with asymmetric swing of the
body, but rats in the other two groups exhibited symmetric swing of the body (P<0.05). Additional y, the ratio of right to left hemispheric areas was significantly higher in the transplantation and control groups compared with the model group (P<0.05). In conclusion, neural stem cel transplantation via the jugular vein can improve brain function and restore motor function in rats with cerebral palsy.