OBJECTIVE:To obtain an optimum formulation of clarithromycin dispersible tablets METHODS:The preparation process was set by way of screening formulation and a formula with substitution of LS-HPC for starch was adopted RESULTS:The results showed that the substitution of LS-HPC for starch was the most preferable formulation The hardness and the friability of the tablets were improved The external apperance of unfilled corner and torn edge of the unimproved tablets was resolved CONCLUSION:Modified formulation is favorable for improving the quality of the product

OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively understand autopharmacotherapy.METHODS:The benefits and risk factors of autopharmacotherapy were analysed and the countermearsure against its risk were put forward.RESULTS&CONCLU?SION:OTC medication is safe and effective in acurate use of route dosage,but in autopharmacotherapy,there are risks as a result of influence of various factors.The safety of OTC medicines should be the matters of common concern of patients,physicians and pharmacists,and a safety mornitoring system for OTC should be established.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the content of benzhydramine hydrochloride in Xiaoyan Zhentong ointment by RP-HPLC.METHODS: The determination was performed on Zorbax SB-CN column.Acetonitrile-water-triethylamine(51∶49∶0.5,adjusted to pH 6.5 with acetic acid glacial) was used as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL?min-1.The detection wavelength was set at 258 nm and the column temperature was set at 30 ℃.RESULTS: The linear range of benzhydramine hydrochloride was 0.1～4.1 ?g(r=0.999 9) with an average recovery rate at 98.4%(RSD=0.44%).CONCLUSION: The method is accurate,sensitive,reliable and applicable for the determination of the content of benzhydramine hydrochloride in Xiaoyan Zhentong ointment.

Objective To observe the effects of Dengzhan Shengmai capsule on β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition in the brain and learning and memory function in renovascular hypertensive rats (RHRSP).Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (5 rats per group):normal group,shamoperated group,hypertension with Dengzhan Shengmai capsule treatment group and hypertension with normal saline (NS) treatment group.Renovascular hypertensive models were created by clipping two-kidney.Dengzhan Shengmai capsules were dissolved in sterile 0.9％ NS and were administered (20 mg · kg-1 per day) by daily gavage for 4 weeks.In the NS group,hypertensive rats were given saline in the same volume.Immunofluorescent labeling and western blot were used to detect the expression of Aβ,NF-κB,IL-1β,TNF-α in the brain,respectively.Learning and memory function were detected by Morris water maze.Results RHRSP significantly increased Aβ deposition in the cerebral cortex and impaired memory function in rats.Dengzhan Shengmai capsule treatment significantly lowered the blood pressure compared with NS treatment((157.45±11.58) mmHgvs (197.76±10.12) mmHg).In addition,the levels of Aβ,NF-κB p65,IL-1β,TNF-α protein were significantly reduced,by Dengzhan Shengmai caspule treatment.The escape latency was shortened((24.64±4.57) s vs (37.17±3.87)s),while the frequency of passing through the platform quadrant(5.39±0.12 vs 3.05±0.28) and the dwell time((27.34±3.67) s vs (16.83±5.76)s) (all P＜0.01) in the platform quadrant were significantly increased by Dengzhan Shengmai capsule treatment.Conclusions Dengzhan Shengmai capsule may reduce Aβ deposition in brain and improve learning and memory function by anti-inflammatory effects in RHRSP.

Objective To evaluate the expressive variety of NGF gene in injured sciatic nerves of rat. Methods For hemi-quanti- tative analysis, RT-PCR method was used in the detection of the levels of NGF mRNA in the distal stumps at 1 day and 1, 2, 4 weeks following transection of sciatic nerve. Results The 1evel of NGF mRNA was low in the normal sciatic nerve. But it was increased in the distal stump after sciatic nerve transection. The biphasic increase in NGF mRNA was characterized by a first very rapid and transient increase peaking at ist day after lesion, than a second prolonged and slow elevation starting around ist weed after lesion. Conclusion The process in NGF gene expression after sciatic nerve lesion was biphasicly increased.

To ensure the quality of building basic test bank and to effectively measure the quality of medical exam questions,now,we analyze the problems of the basic test papers from 13 north medical universities in many aspects such as cognitive rank,difficulty,conformity and core content etc.Having found the main problems of the testing papers,we supply the viewpoint for improvement and make better foundation for the construction of test bank.

Objective To establish a scientific,actual and practical training system based competency for different levels of nurses.Methods The candidate training system based competency for different levels of nurses were formulated based on literature,semi-structured interviews and expert group discussion.Then,developing the training system based competency for different levels of nurses by two rounds of Delphi consultation.Results The positivity coefficient and authority coefficient of experts was 97.5％ and 0.868,respectively.The index variation range from 0.063 to 0.137 and the coordination coefficient range from 0.384 to 0.702,P ＜ 0.01 of the two rounds.At last,the framework of the training system included five levels,the index system consisted of four first-level indicators and 22,25,24,25,27 second-level indicators for N0 to N4 nurses.Conclusions The formation process of index and each index is scientific,the index system can be used as basis of training courses for different levels of nurses in the hospital.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of living donor liver transplantation in the treatment of infants with end-stage liver diseases. Methods The clinical data of 33 infants who received living donor liver transplantation at the Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University from October 2006 to September 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. The median age of the infants was 10.9 months, and the mean body weight was 8.2 kg.All of the grafts were left lateral lobes. Tacrolimus (or cyclosporine A) + steroid or tacrolimus (or cyclosporine A)+ steroid + mycophenolate mofeti] were applied to the infants to suppress the immune reaction. Operative techniques, perioperative management and results of follow-up were analyzed. Results The mean operation time,blood loss and blood transfusion of the donors were (384±108)minutes, (183±35) ml and O, and the three indexes of the recipients were (500± 103) minutes, (296±163) ml and (292 ± 159) ml , respectively. The cold preservation time of the grafts was (64 ±23)minutes, the mean weight of the grafts was (249 ±52)g, and the mean graft to recipient weight ratio was 2.1% ± 0.4%. All donors recovered smoothly and no complication occurred. Of the recipients, three were complicated with hepatic artery thrombosis, two with portal vein thrombosis,nine with biliary complications, 11 with infection, two with acute rejection and five infants died perioperatively.The one-year cumulative survival rate of the infants was 85% (28/33). Conclusions Infants with end-stage liver diseases could be treated by living donor liver transplantation. The development of surgical techniques and perioperative managements improves the success rate of operation and the long-term survival rate.

objective To investigate the method of securing donors and recipients during the initial procedure of adult-to-aduh living donor liver transplantation(ALDLT).Methods The clinical data,preoperative assessment,surgical strategies and complications of 71 adult donors and recipients who underwent ALDLT from April 2007 to November 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Sixty-three right lobes without middle hepatic vein(MHV),1 extended right lobe,4 right lobes with MHV and 3 left lobes with MHV were obtained.Two donors suffered from postoperative complications including 1 with bile leakage and 1 with abdominal bleeding.No donor mortality occurred.Eighteen recipients had postoperative complications including 12 with biliary complications,3 with vascular complications and 3 with small-for-size syndrome.The perioperative mortality rate of recipients was 10%(7/71).Conclusions Strict donor and recipient assessment,optimal surgical strategy and postoperative care are extremely helpful to secure donors and recipients during the initial procedure of ALDLT.

Objective To establish a scientific and sensitive evaluation index system of nursing quality for cancer hospital. Methods The evaluation index system of nursing quality for cancer hospital was formulated based on literature,semi- structured interviews and expert group discussion. Then, developing the evaluation index system of nursing quality for cancer hospital by two rounds of Delphi consultation. Results The experts′ authority coefficient was 0.862. The nursing quality indicators included 5 first-level indicators,9 second-level indicators and 73 third-level indicators. The Kendall coordination coefficients of the importance of the three level indicators were 0.354,0.217,and 0.243, The Kendall coordination coefficients of the feasibility of the three level indicators were 0.234,0.313,and 0.339. Conclusions Scientific nature and concentration indicator system of nursing quality for cancer hospital was developed. It will be used to provide quantitative basis for the control of nursing quality in cancer hospital.