Objective: To make out the epidemiological characteristic of middle school students with internet addiction and to explore the possible reasons for the addiction. Methods: According to the system layering random sample method, we randomly selected six different junior and senior middle school in Hefei city and 2 classes in each grade per school. Total 2010 students were enrolled in the investigation, and 1949 students were successfully investigated. With the self-made questionnaire "Background investigation form" and the "Internet Addiction Test", we took a concentrate survey in different schools. Results:The rate of possible internet addiction (including 5 cases with internet addiction) of middle school students in Hefei city is 3.5%. The rate of possible internet addiction was higher in male than that in female (5.9% vs. 0.8%); and it is higher in senior middle school students than that in junior middle school (5.1% vs. 1.9%); the rate of possible internet addiction among students in suburban school, city-suburban school and downtown school gradually increased (respectively 1.2%, 2.1%, 2.3%,?~2=81.55,P

Objective To explore the theory of mind (TOM) between adolescent with schizophrenia and normal adolescent from hot TOM and cool TOM.Methods 37 adolescent schizophrenias and 25 normal adolescents were interviewed with the Chinese version of YONI task, Reading the Mind in the eyes test and series of tests,then analyzed with adolescent schizophrenias cognitive features.Results ① Compared with the control group (83.16± 10.07),the scores of YONI task in the adolescents with schizophrenia (74.30 ± 11.44) had statistically significant difference (t=-2.983,P＜0.05),mainly the statistically significant difference existed in the groups in cool and hot TOM.②The differences between positive subtype (69.85± 12.66) and negative subtype (78.18±8.92) in scores were significant(t=-2.104,P＜0.05),especially in the hot TOM.③In Reading the Mind in the eyes test,there was no statistically significant difference in scores(t=0.982,P＞0.05) between the control group (17.59±3.13) and the group of adolescents with schizophrenia(18.42±2.98).Conclusion The adolescents with schizophrenia damage in hot TOM and cool TOM.The adolescents with schizophrenia in positive subtype are worse than the negative subtype,especially in the hot TOM.

Objective To explore the medium effect of social support in process of attachment styles and coping styles on criminal juveniles and adolescents with mood disorders.Methods The survey used in the research included Experiences of Close Relationships Inventory (ECR),Social Support Revalued Scale(SSRS) and Coping Style Questionnaire(CSQ) conducted by three groups:177 criminal juveniles,80 adolescents with mood disorders and 163 normal teenagers.Results Firstly,there were significant differences in the avoidant attachment,attachment anxiety,objective support,subjective support,utilization of support,solving problem,rationalization,self-accusation and retreat among three groups (F=7.902,8.047,59.009,19.248,5.304,7.596,10.652,6.699,11.009;P＜0.05).Secondly,attachment avoidance had significant negative correlation with both utilization of support and help seeking behaviors in the group of mood disorders (r =-0.470,-0.350; P＜ 0.01).Similarly,avoidant attachment had significant negative correlation with both subjective support and utilization of support respectively (r=-0.232,-0.235 ; P＜0.01) in the group of criminal juveniles.The subjective support had significant positive correlation with solving problem (r=0.272,P＜0.01) and as well as the utilization of support with both solving problem and help seeking behaviors (r=0.258,0.424; P＜ 0.01).Attachment anxiety had significant negative correlation with objective support and had significant positive correlation with self-accusation respectively (r=-0.253,0.300;P＜0.01).Finally,utilization of support as a medium completely effect on the process of avoidant attachment and help seeking behaviors in the group of mood disorder and criminal juveniles.Moreover,subjective support and utilization of support as medium both affected a part in the process of avoidant attachment and solving problem for the group of criminal juveniles.Conclusion First,both adolescents with mood disorders and criminal juveniles have unsafe attachment mode,which are lacked social support and easy to take negative coping styles.Yet,the level of attachment avoidance and subjective support of criminal juveniles was found different compared to teenagers with mood disorder.Second,the attachment styles for both adolescents with mood disorders and criminal juveniles have impact on coping styles by the means of social support,but there were slightly different way.

Objective To study the vancomycin-resistant genes and the virulence factors genes in vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE),and to analyze the drug-resistance character and epidemic characteristics of VRE strains and provide the basis for clincal selection of drugs and infection control.Methods VRE were screened by agar dilution sieving plate (ADSP) containing 6 μg/ml of vancomycin,drug resistance of VRE to other common antibiotics were detected by VITEK-60 automatic microbial analyzer.The gene types and virulence factor genes of VRE were determined by PCR.And the genetic relationships among VRE were determined by multilocus sequence typing.Results Seven vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains were found in 360 enterococcus strains.All the VRE strains exhibited high-level vancomycin resistance ; some of them were medium or senstive to teicoplanin.They all carried vanA gene and esp gene and one of them carried 4 kinds of virulence factor genes.The ST type of the 7 VRE strains were diffused distribution.Conclusion We found vanB phenotype vanA genotype vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates in Wenzhou; these VRE strains were multidrug resistance and carried various virulence factor genes.Linezolid could be used as a recommend drug for treatment of VRE infection.The protection of antibiotics sensitivity should be strengthened.

Objective This study aims to investigate the moral disgust cognitive processing of patients with obses?sive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and its relationship with OCD symptoms. Methods Twenty-eight OCD and 30 healthy controls matched for gender, age and education completed lexical decision task, recording reaction time and accuracy of words and assessing the degree of disgust. Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) and Padua Invento?ry-Washington State University Revision (PI-WUSR) were used to assess the symptoms. Results OCD group showed significantly longer reaction time to core disgust-related words [(762.69 ± 128.25) ms vs. (648.69 ± 162.66) ms] and moral disgust-related words [(798.73 ± 115.26) ms vs. (727.00 ± 106.06) ms] than the healthy controls (P<0.05). OCD group showed significantly higher aversion degree to core disgust-related words [(6.38 ± 1.78) vs. (5.03 ± 1.64)] and moral dis?gust-related words [(7.08 ± 1.23) vs. (5.77 ± 1.44)] than control group (P<0.05). Y-BOCS total score, Y-BOCS obsessive thoughts score, Y-BOCS compulsive behavior score, total score of PI-WUSR, cleaning/pollution force factor score, hurt?ing themselves and others force factor were positively correlated with two types of disgust-related words in patients group (P<0.05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis between disgust words and Y-BOCS/PI-WUSR scores pointed that only CWCF influenced disgust degree of core disgust-related words (β=0.61, P<0.01) and moral disgust-related words (β=0.54, P<0.01), respectively. Conclusion The core disgust and moral disgust of OCD are stronger compared to controls.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of implicit and explicit memory in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and its relationship with obsessive-compulsive symptoms.Methods Thirty-one patients with OCD and thirty healthy participants matched with sex,age,years of education were enrolled in present study.All participants were conducted vocabulary perception speed task and vocabulary recognition task to evaluate the ability of implicit memory and explicit memory toward neutral,positive and moral disgust words.The accuracy and response time during tasks were recorded to index memory performance.The obsessive-compulsive symptoms were assessed with Padovar scale-Washington State University revised edition (PI-WSUR).Results There was significant difference in the response time of implicit memory between two groups ((2 926.63± 1 718.31) ms for OCD group,(2 587.13±1 054.56) ms for controls group,t=0.926,P=0.358).There was significant difference two groups in the accuracy of implicit memory for moral disgust words ((0.607±0.267) for OCD group,(0.777±0.159) for controls group,t=-3.306,P =0.004),positive words ((0.528±0.265) for OCD group,(0.695±0.152) for controls group,t=-3.048,P=0.004) and all words ((0.597±0.248) for OCD group,(0.731±0.145) for controls group,t=-2.582,P=0.013).The response time of explicit memory in OCD group was significantly correlated with PI-WSUR (r=-0.410,P=0.022),OTAHSO (r=-0.470,P=0.008).Conclusion Compared with healthy controls,the implicit memory of OCD patients was impaired,especially the implicit memory of positive emotion words and moral disgust words.There is no correlation between implicit memory and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in OCD patients.Compared with healthy controls,the implicit memory of OCD patients is not impaired,but there is a correlation between explicit memory and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in OCD patients.

Objective To explore the gender differences in disgust processing in patients with ob-sessive-compulsive disorder ( OCD). Methods A total of 74 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (39 males and 35 females) and 65 normal healthy controls (35 males and 30 females) were assessed with Padua inventory-Washington State University revision (PI-WSUR),Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) and were tested the lexical decision task,in order to evaluate their OCD symptoms and severity. The results of reaction time,accuracy and rating intensity of core disgust words,moral disgust words and neu-tral words were recorded,and the gender differences in disgust processing in patients with obsessive-compul-sive disorder and normal healthy controls were analyzed. Results The reaction time of core disgust words ((753.6±84.1) vs (711.8±83.8)ms),the reaction time of moral disgust words((813.5±89.0) vs (749.4± 81.4)ms) and neutral words((775.3±91.8) vs (725.9±104.2)ms) showed significant differences between males and females in pateints with OCD,but there were no differences in accuracy and rating intensity(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). In normal healthy controls,there were only differences between males and females in reac-tion time of neutral words,females were also showed shorter reaction time than males (P＜0.01). Pearson cor-relation analysis showed that both male and female patients had a negative correlation between the reaction time of core disgust words and total PI-WSUR scores (P＜0.05). There was a gender difference in the relative variables of PI-WSUR,Y-BOCS and disgust processing in OCD patients. Conclusion There were gender differences in disgust cognitive processing in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder,females with ob-sessive-compulsive disorder have higher core disgust and moral disgust than males. Females with OCD have a special high sense of moral disgust.

The movement of wei qi （defensive qi） follows the circadian rhythm of "circulating on the yang during the day， and on the yin at night" and serves a defensive function to "protect the body". Guided by the theory of wei qi， it is believed that time rhythms and the immune system play significant roles in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis （UC）. Dysfunction in wei qi circulation， particularly when "yang fails to enter yin，" can lead to the onset of UC； the cyclical nature of wei qi's movement results in disease patterns characterized by "morning relief， daytime stability， evening aggravation， and nighttime worsening"， which align with the rhythmic characteristics of immune responses. The defensive function of wei qi is crucial in maintaining intestinal immunity of patients with UC， and the spleen and stomach， which are the sources of wei qi， are key to sustaining intestinal mucosal immune homeostasis； additionally， obstruction in the ascending and descending movements of wei qi， internal disruption， and latent pathogen in the intestines lead to the development of UC. Based on the theory of wei qi， treatment approaches for UC are proposed， including time-based dietary adjustments and chronotherapy to harmonize human activities with natural rhythms； these approaches emphasize protecting the spleen and stomach while also considering the lungs and kidneys， balancing sanjiao， and harmonizing ying qi and wei qi， so as to improve the clinical effectiveness of UC treatment.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of attentional bias in adolescents with anxiety disorder.Methods:Totally 40 adolescents with anxiety disorder who met the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria were recruited as the case group, 40 normal adolescents matched with the case group in terms of gender, age and education level were served as the control group.Symptom was assessed by the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED), and attention bias was assessed by attention bias test on both groups.All data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0.Results:(1) In the test of attentional bias, the negative reaction of the case group was lower than the neutral response((647.14±94.44)ms, (661.08±112.07)ms), and the attention bias value of the case group was higher than the control group((13.93±33.27)ms, (-0.13±18.49)ms), the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05). (2) In the total score and each factor score of SCARED, total score of SCARED was negatively correlated with the negative accuracy rate ( r=-0.38), and the separation anxiety score was negatively correlated with the negative accuracy rate ( r=-0.52), social terrorism scores were negatively correlated with negative accuracy ( r=-0.45) and neutral accuracy ( r=-0.43) (all P<0.05). The correlation between somatization, generalized anxiety and school terror with attention bias test were not significant( P>0.05). Conclusion:Adolescents with anxiety disorder are more concerned with negative stimuli, and it is difficult to shift attention from negative stimuli to others.The avoidance to neutral stimuli may be a risk factor for the severity of symptoms in adolescents with anxiety disorders.

Objective:To characterize the distribution characteristics of choroidal thickness in healthy normal subjects and to define the diagnostic cut-off value for pachychoroid.Methods:A cross-sectional study design was carried out.Four hundred and forty-six eyes of 230 healthy subjects from the pachychoroid disease spectrum (PCD) cohort in Beijing Tongren Hospital from April 2018 to June 2021, were enrolled for the choroidal thickness distribution analysis.Three hundred and fourteen eyes of 274 patients with PCD including 149 eyes of 113 patients with central serous chorioretinopathy, 95 eyes of 81 patients with polypoid choroidal vasculopathy, 70 eyes of 60 patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration, along with 382 eyes of 199 normal subjects matched for refractive error, age and gender with PCD were selected for likelihood ratio analysis.Routine eye examinations including the best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit-lamp microscopy, dilated fundus examination and color fundus photography were performed in all subjects.Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) of 9 mm×9 mm scanning mode was used to measure the subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) automatically in nine macular regions according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study classification system using TOPCON Advanced Boundary Segmentation (TABS) software.Pearson linear correlation analysis and Spearman rank correlation analysis were adopted to evaluate the correlations between SFCT and age, diopter.Multiple linear regression was employed to analyze the factors affecting SFCT.After age and refractive error adjustment, the likelihood ratio test was used to determine the diagnostic cut-off value for pachychoroid.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Beijing Tongren Hospital (No.TRECKY2016-054). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to entering the cohort.Results:A negative correlation was found between SFCT and age in normal eyes ( r=-0.34, P<0.001), in both normal male and female subjects ( r=-0.43, P<0.001; r=-0.38; P<0.001). A weak positive correlation was found between SFCT and diopter ( rs=0.19, P<0.001). It was found that age and diopter were strongly correlated with SFCT (both at P<0.001). The cut-off values for pachychoroid in 20-39 years group, 40-59 years group, 60-79 years group and ≥80 years group were 320-330 μm, 330-340 μm, 250-275 μm and 200-225 μm, respectively.The percentages of eyes with pachychoroid in 20-39 years group, 40-59 years group and ≥60 years group were 14.71%(10/68), 24.48%(47/192) and 28.89%(55/184), respectively, showing statistically significant differences among them ( χ2=6.170, P=0.046; LR=6.579, P=0.037). The proportion of pachychoroid in ≥60 years group was significantly higher than that of 20-39 years group, showing a statistically significant difference ( χ2=5.982, P=0.014; LR=6.479, P=0.011). Conclusions:The distribution characteristics of pachychoroid vary in normal subjects over age.Age and diopter are the independent influencing factors of SFCT.