Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of Cyclosporin A (CsA) and cholic acid on reducing the human liver cell damage induced by α-amanitin (AMA).Methods According to the previous research results,the minimum hepatocellular survival concentration against αt-AMA (1.4 g/L),the experiment was conducted in 5 groups:control group,damage group,glycochenodeoxycholic acid group,CsA group,and CsA combined with cholic acid group (CsA+ taurocholic acid,CsA+ chenodeoxycholic acid,CsA+ glycocholic acid,CsA+ glycochenodeoxycholic acid,and CsA+ taurochenodeoxycholic acid).For each group,there were 3 time points for observation (24 h,48 h and 72 h after attacking),CsA and CsA+ glycochenodeoxycholic acid was used to protect hepatocytes,respectively,and morphological changes in cells were observed with inverted phase contrast microscope,and the live cells were counted by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method,and aspertate aminot ransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the culture supernatant were detected by biochemical method.Results Compared with the control group,hepatocellular growth in the injury group was obviously suppressed,with progressive cellular apoptosis and significantly decreased absorbance value of MTIT (0.345 ± 0.021);the activity of AST and ALT increased gradually,reaching the highest after 72 h [(98.4 ± 6.7) U/L and (116.2 ± 9.5) U/L,respectively].Compared with injury group,broken organelles decreased significantly and absorbance value elevated in glycochenodeoxycholic acid group,CsA group and CsA combined with cholic acid group,and at each time point,the highest absorbance value in the CsA+ taurochenodeoxycholic acid group [the highest was (0.656 ± 0.014),P ＜ 0.05];at the same time,the activity of AST and ALT didn't increase obviously,at each time point,the lowest in CsA+ taurochenodeoxycholic acid group [the lowest was (22.3 ± 6.2) U/L and (20.2 ± 5.4) U/L,P ＜ 0.05,respectively].Conclusions CsA,as well as cholic acid,can protect human liver cells from the attack of α-AMA.The mechanism may be CsA,as an organic anion transfer peptide in humans (OATP1B1 and OATP1B3) suppressant,inhibits the absorption of α-AMA.The joint application of CsA and taurochenodeoxycholic acid is superior to the single OATP substrate or inhibitor.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic potential of low-dose computed tomography angiography(CTA)and global biomimetic three-dimensional model reconstruction technology in patients with arterial erectile dysfunction(ED).Methods A total of 136 patients with ED were selected.Digital subtraction angiography(DSA)was performed on all patients as per their treatment requirements and conditions,following ultrasound and CTA examination,and 75 patients finally completed DSA examination.All patients with International Index for Erectile Function(IIEF5)score ranged from 1 to 20.All patients received immediate ultrasound monitoring after injection of alprostadil 10 μg and underwent CTA examination.DSA was conducted at a minimum interval of 72 h.The global biomimetic three-dimensional model tool was used to reconstruct the CTA data and evaluate the stenosis of the pudendal vessels.The diagnostic efficacy of CTA examination,ultrasound and DSA examination were compared and calculated.Results A total of 1 632 vessels were evaluated in 136 patients,including 155 stenoses.DSA was performed in 75 patients.A total of 900 vessels were evaluated,of which 88 were stenoses.Compared with the results of CTA,ultrasound and DSA,the average stenosis scores of all measured vessels were not statistically significant(P＜0.05).The correlation between CTA and ultrasound(r2=0.939 9,P＜0.000 1)and DSA(r2=0.944 0,P＜0.000 1)in the evaluation of vascular stenosis were good,and the diagnostic consistency was consistent.Conclusion Low-dose CTA and global biomimetic three-dimensional model reconstruction technology can effectively diagnose pudendal artery stenosis,and can perform all-round reconstruction observation,which is worthy of further clinical application.