Segmentation of cryo-electron micrograph (Cryo-EM) image is crucial to identification of macromolecular particles. In this paper, the features of Cryo-EM image are discussed and a new automatic segmentation algorithm for Cryo-EM image based on wavelet transformation and difference of Gaussian (DoG) is also provided. This method uses wavelet decomposition to do the multi-resolution analysis, which can depress noise and enhance contrast. After DoG image is segmented by using OTSU method, main edges are selected by the combination of gray and grads information. Experiment results show that the algorithm has good result.

With the indepth studies of molecular mechanisms of renal cell carcinoma ( RCC),people have made great progress in the targeted therapy drugs which targeted at vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and their receptors,which dramatically improve the treatment outcome for patients with advanced or metastatic RCC.However,recent clinical trails show that the targeted therapy drugs may cause adverse events,such as hypertension,bone marrow toxicity,pneumonitis and so on.It is important to manage the adverse events promptly not only to improve the therapeutic efficacy but also to improve the quality of life for patients with RCC.

BACKGROUND: Alienation is derived from dissimilation in philosophy.It is practically defined as the subjective state of individuals who develop negative feelings such as social isolation, uncontrollable and meaningless sense, oppression, and self-alienation because they are alien to others, the.society, nature and themselves, and even feel controlled.OBJECTIVE: To investigate alienation from psychological perspective,aiming to construct and verify the theoretical hypothesis of alienation,thereby working out alienation scale for adolescent students.DESIGN: Cross-sectional investigation.SETTING:National Key Research Center of Basic Psychology and National Key Liberal Arts of Southwest Normal University.PARTICIPANTS: The investigation was carried out from March to June 2000. The method of cohort stratified random sampling was adopted and the questionnaire was administered to adolescent students in Chongqing City and Lanzhou City. Inclusion criteria: volunteer students of grade one in junior high school to grade four in colleges. Exclusion criteria: Those who had incomplete data or had differences of more than 6 points in the total scores for three matched lie-testing questions in the questionnaire. A total of 1502 pieces of questionnaire were collected (including 1 066 questionnaires used for exploratory factor analysis and 436 questionnaires for verifying factor analysis); the age of the students covered the whole range of adolescence, and the boy-to-girl ratio in each grade was matched.METHODS:We combined literature analysis, investigation research and interview. The details are as follows: First, theoretical hypothesis was put forward based on literature analysis; then related variances were collected through interviews and open questionnaires, which were compared with the items in scales used home and abroad at present so as to work out predicting questions for adolescence alienation questionnaire. Finally, 52 items were screened out and used to construct the preliminary questionnaire. The formal alienation scale was made after standardized designation of behavioral variances, and verified for alienation analysis in adolescent students.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Behavioral apparent variances were collected based on interviews and open questionnaires, and used as psychological potential variances after statistical processing.RESULTS:Data of 1502 pieces of questionnaire were analyzed.① The correlation coefficient of each item in the scale was over 0.35. ② The correlation coefficient of each item with the dimension was over 0.30, with statistical significance(P ＜ 0.01). ③ The reliability coefficient of each item was over 0.39 with great significance(P ＜ 0.01). ④ Alienation was displayed in three dimensions: social alienation, interpersonal alienation and surrounding alienation, which were associated with the correspondingdimensions of related scales (P ＜ 0.05-0.01). ⑤Alienation could be divided into 9 levels: sense of meaninglessness, sense of self alienation, isolation, nature alienation, parent alienation, environmental alienation, sense of uncontrollability and social alienation. Parameters that accorded with the theoretical hypothesis and used for verifying analysis were proved rational.Based on the analysis of the 9 first-rank factors, second-rank structural model of 3 unrelated factors were obtained using main component analysis and the maximum variance cross rotation with the optimal coefficients of simulated parameters of: X2/df=4.87;GFI=0.94;A GFI=0.90;RMR=0.0S;NFI=0.93;NNFI=0.92;CFI=0.95;IFI=0.95.CONCLUSION: Alienation scale has been proved to be reliable and valid. It can be used to assess alienation in adolescent students and has potential value of application in healthy psychological development and psychological education.

Pirh2 (p53-induced protein with a Ring-H2 domain),one of the ubiquitin-protein E3 ligases,can promote p53 degradation via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway,and repress the biological functions of p53.Researchers have found that the Pirh2 is overexpressed in many cancers,which suggests Pirh2 is probably correlated with tumorigenesis and cancer development,and it may become a promising cancer therapeutic target.

Objective Probing into the rationale of DRGs payment standards for references to making DRGs payment standards.Methods Based on the DRGs grouping results of circulatory diseases cases admitted by a tertiary hospital from 2003 to 2005,two typical combinations were selected to determine the payment standard for each DRGs combination.Unnecessary medical expenses were excluded.Results According to the percentage of unnecessary medical expenses,Angina,non-special nursing,and class 1 nursing were in a group,with unnecessary medical expenses per ease of 758.00 yuan;CAG,single stent implantation,acute myocardial infaction as the main diagnose were in a group,with medical expenses per case of 2814.03 yuan;such expenses account for 6.20% of the total hospitalization expenses of both groups.Conclusions If the average expenses with unnecessary medical expenses excluded are set as the combined payment standard,hospitals will be restrained from unnecessary medical behaviors and expenses so incurred.

Objective To study the compressive education on nursing students in operation room.Methods 84 nursing students in practice were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group with 42 students in each group.The two groups were in a month to complete the teaching syllabus internship period.The control group received conventional teaching,on the basis of conventional teaching,the observation group was given compressive education.After the end of internship,nursing skill score,comprehensive quality,operation doctors'satisfaction degree were compared between two groups.Results After the compressive education,the nursing skill score,comprehensive quality,operation doctors'satisfaction degree in the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group.Conclusions According to the source of pressure in the operation room,compressive education should be given to the nursing students and make them complete the practice in a relaxed and delight state.This can also reflect the humanistic care in teaching,which is worthy of being popularized in teaching in operation room.

Aim To observe the effect of recombinant human interferon and verazole used alone or in combination in resisting respiratory synthesis virus (RSV) in vitro. Methods RSV strains were proliferated with Hela cells in Eagles solution on a 96 hole plate. The recombinant human interferon and virazole were diluted to different concentrations and were separately added in the dose of 100 ?l to each hole of the plate. After 48 hours cultured, the concentrations of the drugs for inhibiting cytopathogenic effect(CPE)of RSV were determined. Results When the concentration of interferon was ≥5 U?ml -1 and virazlole ≥24 ?g?ml -1 ,respectively,the effect of the two drugs on inhibiting the CPE of RSV was remarkable and was improved with their concentration increasing .When the concentrations of the two drugs were lower than that of their effect respectively , their united use also had obvious effect in resisting the virus. In addition, the different using methods of interferon have also different results. Conclusion Both recombinant human interferon and virazole are effective in inhibiting RSV in vitro and will bring about better effect when used in combination.

Objective To evaluate the curative effect of valsartan associated with low-dose amiodarone on the recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF), the left atrial diameter (LAD), P wave dispersion (Pd) and the maximum P wave duration (Pmax) in patients with paroxysmal AF. Methods 76 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) were randomized to valsartan (test group) and placebo (placebo group), both associated with low-dose amiodarone, and were followed up for 18 months. The patients were asked to report any episode of symptomatic atrial fibrillation and to perform an ECG as early as possible. AF load, Pmax, Pd and LAD were measured before and at the 6th, 12th, and 18th month after the treatment. Results At least one ECG-documented episode of AF was reported in 16% of the patients in test group and in 41% in placebo group, the difference was significant (P

Objective To study the effect of continuously compressive pressure(CCP) and human periodontal ligament cells(HPDLCs) on the differentiation of osteoclast-like cells(OLC) induced from umbilical cord blood cells in vitro,and to investigate the role of continuously compressive pressure and human periodontal ligament cells in alveolar bone rebuilding during orthordontic tooth movement.Methods Mononucleared cells of umbilical cord blood(HCMNCs) were separated by density gradient centrifugation,HPDLCs were isolated from human periodontal ligament by explanting enzymatic digestion with trypsin and collagenase.We also established transwell co-culture system with HCMNCs in the lower layer and HPDLCs in the upper layer.Group A: HCMNCs and HPDLCs were co-cultured with 150 kPa CCP for 1.5 hours on the model.Group B: only HCMNCs were cultured with the same CCP as Group A.Groups A'and B' were the respective control group of Groups A and B with no CCP exerted.The cell appearance was observed under the phase contrast microscope,and its identification was performed by histochemical analysis of tartrater-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP).The capacity of bone resorption of the cell was assessed by lacunae forming ability on bone slice.Results HCMNCs in Group A began to fuse on the 2nd day,More positive multinucleated cells could be seen with TRAP staining and cortical bone pit formation on the 3rd day.Only a few multinucleated cells formed in the other groups,with no cortical bone pit formation.Conclusion HCMNCs can fuse into multinucleated OLC under CCP with the induction of HPDLCs.

Objective To study the effects of insulin resistance on the occurance of hypertension in uremia. Methods With use of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the insulin release test (IRT) , insulin glycoregulatory activity, including insulin sensitivity index (ISI) , glucose uptake rate (M) and the total areas under the glucose and insulin curves during OGTTs (AUCG, AUCINS) were investigated in 29 hypertensive (CRF-H) and 21 normotensive (CRF-NH) urernic patients and 12 healthy controls (C), and their plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensin Ⅱ (AT Ⅱ) levels were investigated too. Results (1) Uremic patients had significantly higher blood glucose and serum insulin levels after glucose load, much higher AUCG and AUCINS values and significantly lower ISI and M values than the controls, compared with the CRF-NH patients, CRF-H patients had significantly higher blood glucose levels at 30', 60', 120', and higher serum insulin levels at 120' during OGTTS, significantly higher AUCG and AUCINS values, significantly lower ISI and M values and significantly increased incidences of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance; (2) Insulin resistant patients had more frequency and severe hypertension than the non-insulin resistant ones; simple regression showed that arterial blood pressure (SBP, DBF, MBP) had significant negative correlation with ISI and M, significant positive correlation with AUCG and AUCINS; (3) The levels of PRA, ATⅡbetween two CRT groups were not different; (4) Multiple linear regression showed that AUCG and AUCINS had significant positive correlation with MBP independent of age、 sex、 obesity、 the degree of real failure and plasma renin-angiotensin activity. Conclusion Insulin resistance 、 hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance or hyperglycemia may be one of the important mechanisms of uremic hypertension.