Humans ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Prospective Studies ; HIV Infections/drug therapy* ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use* ; Comorbidity

Background: Most patients including health care workers (HCWs) survived the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), however, knowledge about the sequelae of COVID-19 after discharge remains limited. Methods: A prospectively observational 3-month follow-up study evaluated symptoms, dynamic changes of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG and IgM, lung function, and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of survivors of COVID-19 after discharge at Wuhan Union Hospital, China. Results: Seventy-six survivors (55 females) with a mean age of 41.3 ± 13.8 years were enrolled, and 65 (86%) were HCWs. A total of 69 (91%) patients had returned to their original work at 3-months after discharge. Most of the survivors had symptoms including fever, sputum production, fatigue, diarrhea, dyspnea, cough, chest tightness on exertion and palpitations in the three months after discharge. The serum troponin-I levels during the acute illness showed high correlation with the symptom of fatigue after hospital discharge (r = 0.782; P = 0.008) and lymphopenia was correlated with the symptoms of chest tightness and palpitations on exertion of patients after hospital discharge (r = −0.285, P = 0.027; r = −0.363, P = 0.004, respectively). The mean values of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1/FVC, total lung capacity and diffusion capacity were all normal (> 80% predicted) and lung HRCTs returned to normal in most of the patients (82%), however, 42% of survivors had mild pulmonary function abnormalities at 3-months after discharge. SARS-CoV-2 IgG turned negative in 11% (6 of 57 patients), 8% (4 of 52 patients) and 13% (7 of 55 patients), and SARS-CoV-2 IgM turned negative in 72% (41 of 57 patients), 85% (44 of 52 patients) and 87% (48 of 55 patients) at 1-month, 2-months and 3-months after discharge, respectively. Conclusion Infection by SARS-CoV-2 caused some mild impairments of survivors within the first three months of their discharge and the duration of SARS-CoV-2 antibody was limited, which indicates the necessity of long-term follow-up of survivors of COVID-19.

Objective To investigate the effect of home diabetes care platform based on internet and family fixed partner on the continuous care of diabetes patients outside the hospital.Methods A total of 150 out-patients with diabetes were collected from June 2016 to November 2016,divided into family fixed partner group(group A),smart phone APP home diabetes care platform group(group B),family fixed partner combination with smart phone APP home diabetes care platform group(group C)with 50 cases each by random digits table method.The three groups received the same health education during their stay in hospital,patients in group A and group C were required to have family fixed partners,patients in group B and group C were required to receive the home diabetes care platform for smart phones APP after they left the hospital,the intervention time was six months,and the indexes of blood glucose metabolism,self-management ability of diabetes were assessed at the end of six months after intervention and before intervention.Results Fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin values of the three groups after intervention were lower than those before intervention.The postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin values was(9.96±4.23)mmol/L,(7.16±1.47)%in group C,(13.78±3.34),(11.46±4.85)mmol/L and(8.46±2.21)%,(8.07±2.45)%in group A and B,the difference was significant(F=10.57,3.92,P＜0.05).The scores of self-management ability of diabetes of the three groups after intervention were all higher than those before intervention.The score of self-management ability of diabetes of item 1-6 was(6.45±1.65),(4.87±2.23),(6.17±2.12),(5.24±1.65),(4.67±2.13),(6.27±2.02)points in group C,(5.78±1.96),(3.63±2.14),(5.25±2.34),(4.12±1.97),(3.65±1.34),(5.26±2.21)points in group B,(5.04±1.78),(3.37±1.64),(4.63±1.87),(4.03±2.17),(3.32±1.74),(5.30±1.97)points in group A,the difference was statistically significant(F=3.82-7.94,P＜0.05).Conclusions Home diabetes care platform based on internet,combined with family fixed partner education,are more conductive to patient blood sugar control,and enhance self-management ability and account ability.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of olfactory functional magnetic resonance imaging in early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods 43 patients with mild cognitive impairment were selected,in the same period,49 cases of patients with AD were selected as the AD patients group,and 53 normal populations were selected as the control group.The neuropsychological of all cases were assessed by using MMSE scale,MoCA scale and CDR Scale.Siemens 3.0T MRI machines were used according to event -related design approach for olfactory cor-tex conducted fMRI scans.The matlab7.0 and SPM8 data preprocessing tools were used to image analysis.The prima-ry olfactory cortex volumes and activation voxels numbers of the three groups were compared.The correlations of acti-vation voxels numbers and primary olfactory cortex volumes and neuropsychological scores were analyzed.Results The primary olfactory cortex volumes of the control group,patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD patients were (3 846 ±517)mm3 ,(2 863 ±367)mm3 and (2 214 ±283)mm3 ,respectively,pairwise comparison,the control group >mild cognitive impairment >AD patients,the differences were statistically significant (compared with the con-trol group,t =16.835 and 34.716,compared with mild cognitive impairment group,t =19.753,P <0.05).The acti-vation voxels numbers of the control group,patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD patients were (193 ±84), (104 ±52)and (51 ±27),pairwise comparison,the control group >mild cognitive impairment >AD patients,the differences were statistically significant (compared with the control group,t =47.916 and 72.954,compared with mild cognitive impairment group,t =37.382,P <0.05).Partial correlation analysis showed that the activation voxels num-bers of the three groups were positively correlated with primary olfactory cortex volume,MMSE score and MOCA score (r =0.397,0.462 and 0.494,all P <0.05).Conclusion Olfactory fMRI in patients with AD might reflect the changes in the entorhinal cortex caused by pathological changes.It could provide clues and information for the early diagnosis of AD.

OBJECTIVETo describe the prevalence and relationship between screen time and sub-health status among middle school students in weekdays and weekends.

METHODSWith multistage stratified random cluster sampling, 14 400 students from junior and senior middle schools in 288 classes of 30 schools in 4 cities( Shenyang, Chongqing, Xinxiang, Guangzhou) were investigated in October, 2011. A total of 13 817 valid questionnaires were retained for analysis. Survey content includes general demographic information, screen time, sub-health state. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between screen time and sub-health status.

RESULTSThe screen time among middle school students > 2 h/d on weekdays and weekends were 15.1% (2 085/13 817) and 58.5% (8 077/13 817) , respectively. Among them, the boys' screen time > 2 h/d on weekdays and weekends were 17.9% (1 187/6 644) and 61.3% (4 070/6 644), which were higher than girls (12.5% (898/7 173), 55.9% (4 007/7 173) )(χ² values were 76.95 and 41.35, respectively. P < 0.01). The prevalence of physical sub-health status, psychological sub-health status and sub-health status were 24.8% (3 431/13 817), 21.7% (2 997/13 817) and 22.1% (3 051/13 817), respectively. Among them, the girls' prevalence of physical sub-health status, psychological sub-health status and sub-health status were 26.0% (1 863/7 173), 22.9% (1642/7 173) and 23.1% (1 658/7 173) ), respectively, which were higher than boys' (23.6% (1 568/6 644), 20.4% (1 355/6 644) and 21.0% (1 393/6 644)) (χ² values were 10.39, 12.66 and 9.25, respectively. P < 0.05). The senior students' prevalence of physical sub-health status, psychological sub-health status and sub-health status were 31.6% (2 176/6 884) , 28.3% (1 946/6 884) and 28.9% (1 990/6 884), respectively, which were higher than junior students' (18.1% (1 255/6 933), 15.2% (1 051/6 933) and 15.3% (1 061/6 933)) (χ² values were 337.65, 349.46 and 371.54, respectively, P < 0.05). After adjusting on demographic characteristics, compared with screen time ≤ 2 h/d on weekday, screen time > 2 h/d on weekday was significantly associated with physical sub-health status, psychological sub-health status and sub-health status (OR (95% CI): 1.39 (1.25-1.55), 1.62 (1.45-1.81) and 1.59 (1.43-1.78)). And compared with screen time ≤ 2 h/d on weekend, screen time > 2 h/d on weekend was also significantly associated with physical sub-health status, psychological sub-health status and sub-health status (OR(95% CI):1.49 (1.37-1.61), 1.81 (1.66-1.98), and 1.71 (1.57-1.87)).

CONCLUSIONThe rate of the screen time > 2 h/d and the detection ratio of sub-health among the middle school students in Shenyang, Chongqing, Xinxiang, Guangzhou in 2011 were high. Screen time >2 h/d on weekdays or weekends was a risk factor for sub-health status.

Adolescent ; China ; epidemiology ; Cities ; Data Collection ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Microcomputers ; statistics & numerical data ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Schools ; Sex Factors ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Television ; statistics & numerical data ; Urban Population ; statistics & numerical data

Objective To investigate the effects of chronic fluorosis on the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mRNA and protein and the differentiation and maturation process of bone cell in the osteoclast of bone tissue of rats.Methods According to body weight,thirty-six healthy SD rats(body mass 100-120 g) were divided into three groups by random number table,twelve in each group,half male and half female.The rats of control group were given tap water(NaF ＜ 1 mg/L),and rats of low-fluorine and high-fluorine groups were fed with tap water containing 5 and 50 mg/L NaF to establish chronic fluorosis model.Rats were sacrificed after eight months; the contents of urinary fluoride in 24 hours and bone fluoride were analyzed by fluoride selective electrode.Serum content of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRACP5b)was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The paraffin section of bone tissue was stained by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and pathological morphometry was observed under optical microscope.The protein and mRNA levels of MMP-9 in the osteoclast of bones were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH),respectively.Results The differences of fluoride contents of urine and bone in rats were statistically significant between groups(F =400.612,48.229,all P ＜ 0.05).Fluoride contents of urine and bone were increased in lowfluorine and high-fluorine groups[(6.09 + 0.56),(7.69 + 0.64)mg/L,(12.65 ± 3.07),(26.53 + 5.88)mg/kg] compared to the control groups[(1.36 ± 0.51)mg/L,(0.67 ± 0.16)mg/kg,all P ＜ 0.05],and the fluoride contents of urine and bone were gradually increased with increasing fluoride doses(all P ＜ 0.05).The difference of TRACP5b content in serum was statistically significant between groups (F =9.607,P ＜ 0.05),in low-fluorine and high-fluorine groups,the TRACP5b contents[(1.86 ± 0.13),(1.92 ± 0.22)U/L] were higher than that of control group [(1.57 + 0.20)U/L,all P ＜ 0.05].The pathological examination showed osteosclerosis in fluoride exposed groups.The differences of MMP-9 mRNA and protein expressions were statistically significant between groups (F =365.727,331.382,all P ＜ 0.05).Compared to the control groups(97.22 ± 2.24,78.51 ± 1.16),the expressions of MMP-9 protein(108.18 ± 1.97,119.28 ± 1.76) and mRNA(89.44 ± 2.86,102.14 ± 2.39) were increased(all P ＜ 0.05),and the expressions of MMP-9 mRNA and protein were gradually increased with increasing fluoride doses (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Chronic fluorosis might influence osteoclast differentiation and maturation process through regulating the expression levels of MMP-9 protein and mRNA.

Objective To describe the prevalence and relationship between screen time and sub -health status among middle school students in weekdays and weekends .Methods With multistage stratified random cluster sampling , 14 400 students from junior and senior middle schools in 288 classes of 30 schools in 4 cities ( Shenyang , Chongqing , Xinxiang , Guangzhou ) were investigated in October , 2011.A total of 13 817 valid questionnaires were retained for analysis.Survey content includes general demographic information, screen time,sub-health state.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between screen time and sub-health status .Results The screen time among middle school students >2 h/d on weekdays and weekends were 15.1%(2 085/13 817) and 58.5%(8 077/13 817), respectively.Among them, the boys′screen time >2 h/d on weekdays and weekends were 17.9%(1 187/6 644) and 61.3%(4 070/6 644), which were higher than girls (12.5% (898/7 173), 55.9%(4 007/7 173)) (χ2 values were 76.95 and 41.35, respectively.P<0.01).The prevalence of physical sub-health status, psychological sub-health status and sub-health status were 24.8%(3 431/13 817),21.7%(2 997/13 817) and 22.1%(3 051/13 817), respectively.Among them, the girls′prevalence of physical sub-health status, psychological sub-health status and sub-health status were 26.0%( 1 863/7 173 ) , 22.9%( 1642/7 173 ) and 23.1%(1 658/7 173)), respectively,which were higher than boys′(23.6%(1 568/6 644),20.4%(1 355/6 644) and 21.0%(1 393/6 644)) (χ2 values were 10.39,12.66 and 9.25,respectively .P<0.05).The senior students′prevalence of physical sub-health status, psychological sub-health status and sub-health status were 31.6%( 2 176/6 884 ) , 28.3%( 1 946/6 884 ) and 28.9%( 1 990/6 884 ) , respectively,which were higher than junior students′(18.1%(1 255/6 933),15.2%(1 051/6 933) and 15.3%(1 061/6 933)) (χ2values were 337.65,349.46 and 371.54, respectively, P <0.05).After adjusting on demographic characteristics , compared with screen time ≤ 2 h/d on weekday , screen time>2 h/d on weekday was significantly associated with physical sub-health status, psychological sub-health status and sub-health status ( OR ( 95%CI ): 1.39 ( 1.25-1.55 ) , 1.62 ( 1.45-1.81 ) and 1.59 ( 1.43-1.78)).And compared with screen time ≤2 h/d on weekend,screen time >2 h/d on weekend was also significantly associated with physical sub-health status , psychological sub-health status and sub-health status (OR(95%CI):1.49(1.37-1.61),1.81(1.66-1.98), and 1.71(1.57-1.87)).Conclusion The rate of the screen time >2 h/d and the detection ratio of sub-health among the middle school students in Shenyang , Chongqing , Xinxiang , Guangzhou in 2011 were high.Screen time >2 h/d on weekdays or weekends was a risk factor for sub-health status.

Objective To describe the prevalence and relationship between screen time and sub -health status among middle school students in weekdays and weekends .Methods With multistage stratified random cluster sampling , 14 400 students from junior and senior middle schools in 288 classes of 30 schools in 4 cities ( Shenyang , Chongqing , Xinxiang , Guangzhou ) were investigated in October , 2011.A total of 13 817 valid questionnaires were retained for analysis.Survey content includes general demographic information, screen time,sub-health state.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between screen time and sub-health status .Results The screen time among middle school students >2 h/d on weekdays and weekends were 15.1%(2 085/13 817) and 58.5%(8 077/13 817), respectively.Among them, the boys′screen time >2 h/d on weekdays and weekends were 17.9%(1 187/6 644) and 61.3%(4 070/6 644), which were higher than girls (12.5% (898/7 173), 55.9%(4 007/7 173)) (χ2 values were 76.95 and 41.35, respectively.P<0.01).The prevalence of physical sub-health status, psychological sub-health status and sub-health status were 24.8%(3 431/13 817),21.7%(2 997/13 817) and 22.1%(3 051/13 817), respectively.Among them, the girls′prevalence of physical sub-health status, psychological sub-health status and sub-health status were 26.0%( 1 863/7 173 ) , 22.9%( 1642/7 173 ) and 23.1%(1 658/7 173)), respectively,which were higher than boys′(23.6%(1 568/6 644),20.4%(1 355/6 644) and 21.0%(1 393/6 644)) (χ2 values were 10.39,12.66 and 9.25,respectively .P<0.05).The senior students′prevalence of physical sub-health status, psychological sub-health status and sub-health status were 31.6%( 2 176/6 884 ) , 28.3%( 1 946/6 884 ) and 28.9%( 1 990/6 884 ) , respectively,which were higher than junior students′(18.1%(1 255/6 933),15.2%(1 051/6 933) and 15.3%(1 061/6 933)) (χ2values were 337.65,349.46 and 371.54, respectively, P <0.05).After adjusting on demographic characteristics , compared with screen time ≤ 2 h/d on weekday , screen time>2 h/d on weekday was significantly associated with physical sub-health status, psychological sub-health status and sub-health status ( OR ( 95%CI ): 1.39 ( 1.25-1.55 ) , 1.62 ( 1.45-1.81 ) and 1.59 ( 1.43-1.78)).And compared with screen time ≤2 h/d on weekend,screen time >2 h/d on weekend was also significantly associated with physical sub-health status , psychological sub-health status and sub-health status (OR(95%CI):1.49(1.37-1.61),1.81(1.66-1.98), and 1.71(1.57-1.87)).Conclusion The rate of the screen time >2 h/d and the detection ratio of sub-health among the middle school students in Shenyang , Chongqing , Xinxiang , Guangzhou in 2011 were high.Screen time >2 h/d on weekdays or weekends was a risk factor for sub-health status.

Euphorbia lathyris (Caper spurge) is a toxic and potent Chinese materia medica (T/PCMM).This study sought a method for identifying five diterpenoids (Euphorbia factors L1-L3,L7a and L8) with the spectra of UV and mass,quantifying three diterpenoids L1,L2,and L8 in crude extracts of unprocessed and processed E.lathyris seeds by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS).The analysis was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm i.d.,5 μm) with an isocratic elution with a mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min at column temperature of 30 ℃ and UV detection was set at 272 nm.An ESI source was used with a positive ionization mode.The calibration curve was linear in the ranges of 9.9-79 μg/mL for Euphorbia factor L1,3.8-30.5 μg/mL for Euphorbia factor L2,and 1.0-20.6 μg/mL for Euphorbia factor L8.The average recoveries (n=6) of three diterpenoids were 98.39％,91.10％ and 96.94％,respectively,with RSD of 2.5％,2.4％ and 2.1％,respectively.The contents of the three diterpenoids in processed E.lathyris seeds were 3.435,1.367 and 0.286 mg/g,respectively,which decreased more sharply than those in unprocessed E.lathyris seeds which were 4.915,1.944 and 0.425 mg/g,respectively.The method is simple,accurate,reliable and reproducible,and it can be applied to control the quality of unprocessed and processed E.lathyris seeds.

Euphorbia lathyris （Caper spurge） is a toxic and potent Chinese materia medica （T/PCMM）. This study sought a method for identifying five diterpenoids （Euphorbia factors LI-L3, L7a, and Ls） with the spectra of UV and mass, quantifying three diterpenoids L1, L2, and L8 in crude extracts of unprocessed and processed E. lathyris seeds by liquid chromatography/ electrospray ionization mass spectrometry （LC-ESI-MS）. The analysis was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column （4.6 mm× 150mm i.d., 5 μm） with an isocratic elution with a mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min at column temperature of 30 ℃ and UV detection was set at 272 nm. An ESI source was used with a positive ionization mode. The calibration curve was linear in the ranges of 9.9-79 μg/mL for Euphorbia factor Lb 3.8-30.5μg/mL for Euphorbia factor L2, and 1.0-20.6 μg/mL for Euphorbia factor LB. The average recoveries （n=6） of three diterpenoids were 98.39%, 91.10% and 96.94%, respectively, with RSD of 2.5%, 2.4% and 2.1%, respectively. The contents of the three diterpenoids in processed E. lathyris seeds were 3.435, 1.367 and 0.286 mg/g, respectively, which decreased more sharply than those in unprocessed E. lathyris seeds which were 4.915, 1.944 and 0.425 mg/g, respectively. The method is simple, accurate, reliable and reproducible, and it can be applied to control the quality of unprocessed and processed E. lathyris seeds.