The xMOOC model of campus open course was analyzed according to the problems in domestic and foreign MOOC construction and the specific characteristics of online learning in campus open course. The roles of students, teachers, performance assessment system and observers were analyzed, which showed that their roles were not accu-rately positioned. Suggestions were put forward for improving the campus open course xMOOC.

The construction of open course for information literacy education in the era of ubiquitous network was described according to the COOC self learning platform that we developed with information retrieval course construc-tion as its standards.

The course evaluation scheme oriented ability cultivation was established. The for-mative evaluation indexes which were practiced in information retrieval course were divided into two indicators:classroom learning and performance including five secondary indexes(classroom discipline, classroom learning, homework, questions and answer questions online, personal essay and group dis-cussion reports) with the and seven observation points(pre-class preparation, teacher-student interac-tions, classroom discussions and classroom reports, experimental class performance, homework com-pletion, the utilization of network teaching platform, personal essay and group discussion), and these were practiced in the teaching of “information retrieval” curriculum, the usual results was composed with the usual academic performance and utilization of the network teaching platform. Finally, the practice results were discussed and summarized in order to cultivate the ability of the students who major in information management and to improve the teaching quality.

Euphorbia lathyris （Caper spurge） is a toxic and potent Chinese materia medica （T/PCMM）. This study sought a method for identifying five diterpenoids （Euphorbia factors LI-L3, L7a, and Ls） with the spectra of UV and mass, quantifying three diterpenoids L1, L2, and L8 in crude extracts of unprocessed and processed E. lathyris seeds by liquid chromatography/ electrospray ionization mass spectrometry （LC-ESI-MS）. The analysis was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column （4.6 mm× 150mm i.d., 5 μm） with an isocratic elution with a mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min at column temperature of 30 ℃ and UV detection was set at 272 nm. An ESI source was used with a positive ionization mode. The calibration curve was linear in the ranges of 9.9-79 μg/mL for Euphorbia factor Lb 3.8-30.5μg/mL for Euphorbia factor L2, and 1.0-20.6 μg/mL for Euphorbia factor LB. The average recoveries （n=6） of three diterpenoids were 98.39%, 91.10% and 96.94%, respectively, with RSD of 2.5%, 2.4% and 2.1%, respectively. The contents of the three diterpenoids in processed E. lathyris seeds were 3.435, 1.367 and 0.286 mg/g, respectively, which decreased more sharply than those in unprocessed E. lathyris seeds which were 4.915, 1.944 and 0.425 mg/g, respectively. The method is simple, accurate, reliable and reproducible, and it can be applied to control the quality of unprocessed and processed E. lathyris seeds.

Euphorbia lathyris (Caper spurge) is a toxic and potent Chinese materia medica (T/PCMM).This study sought a method for identifying five diterpenoids (Euphorbia factors L1-L3,L7a and L8) with the spectra of UV and mass,quantifying three diterpenoids L1,L2,and L8 in crude extracts of unprocessed and processed E.lathyris seeds by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS).The analysis was achieved on an Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm i.d.,5 μm) with an isocratic elution with a mobile phase consisting of water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min at column temperature of 30 ℃ and UV detection was set at 272 nm.An ESI source was used with a positive ionization mode.The calibration curve was linear in the ranges of 9.9-79 μg/mL for Euphorbia factor L1,3.8-30.5 μg/mL for Euphorbia factor L2,and 1.0-20.6 μg/mL for Euphorbia factor L8.The average recoveries (n=6) of three diterpenoids were 98.39％,91.10％ and 96.94％,respectively,with RSD of 2.5％,2.4％ and 2.1％,respectively.The contents of the three diterpenoids in processed E.lathyris seeds were 3.435,1.367 and 0.286 mg/g,respectively,which decreased more sharply than those in unprocessed E.lathyris seeds which were 4.915,1.944 and 0.425 mg/g,respectively.The method is simple,accurate,reliable and reproducible,and it can be applied to control the quality of unprocessed and processed E.lathyris seeds.

Objective To evaluate the impact of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) states and hepatitis B virus DNA loads on the prognosis of chronic severe hepatitis B.Methods A total of 406 hospitalized patients with chronic severe hepatitis B in Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2002 to December 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.The impact of HBeAg states and HBV DNA loads on the prognosis was evaluated.The measurement data were compared by t test and rates were compared by chi square test.Results Of all the 406 patients with chronic severe hepatitis B,208 (51.2%) patients were HBeAg-positive and the remaining 198 (48.8%) were HBeAgnegative.There was no significant difference of constituent ratio of male and female,average peak value of total bilirubin and average valley value of prothrombin activity between HBeAg-positive group and HBeAgnegative group.However,the average age of HBeAg-negative patients was (46.7±12.8) years old,which was significantly higher than that (38.3±13.5) years old in HBeAg-positive group (t = 6.43,P＜0.01 )the proportion of patients with liver cirrhosis in HBeAg-negative group (67.7%) was much higher than that in HBeAg-positive group (45.7%) (X2=19.97,P＜0.01);the improved rate in HBeAg-negative group (32.3%) was significant lower than that in HBcAg-positive group (44.7%) (X2=6.56,P＜0.05).Increasing HBV DNA levels was associated with lower improved rate in both 208 HBeAg-positive and 198 HBeAg-negative patients(X2=22.98,26.04,respectively,both P＜0.01 ).Conclusions HBeAg-negative patients with chronic severe hepatitis B has worse prognosis than HBeAg-positive patients;and the prognosis is getting worse with the increasing HBV DNA level regardless of the HBeAg status.

The dielectric spectroscopy of the skeletal muscle cells is approached by extracellular perfusion, using curve fitting and numerical calculation with nonlinear Cole-Cole equation, and the dielectric parameter of skeletal muscle cells is compared after perfusion, The results show: (1) the permittivy at low frequency (epsilon1) and the conductivity at hight frequency (kappa(h)) reduces in keeping with extracellular perfusate; (2) the effect of extracellular perfusion on the characteristic frequency (f(c1),f(c2)) is small; (3) the extracellular perfusion mostly influences the peaks of deltaepsilon" and tgdelta for the skeletal muscle cells.
Animals ; Bufo bufo ; Electric Conductivity ; Electricity ; Electrophysiology ; Extracellular Fluid ; physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal ; cytology ; physiology ; Spectrum Analysis ; methods

The key parts of chemical fingerprinting. However, the performance of the current whole similarity determining method sometimes is inadequate when the chromatograms of different classes are similar. The present study was focused on developing a sort similarity measure determining method for these problems. In this method, chemical fingerprint features are extracted from original chromatograms for classifying the samples. Further, the fluctuations of chemical compositions among the same class samples are evaluated using an inter-class similarity measure. The proposed method was applied to evaluate the quality of Sarcandra glabra samples through their HPLC fingerprints. The results showed that the different parts of this plant, i.e., the aerial and the whole, were clearly classified, and chemical fluctuations of samples with the same sort were well represented.
Chromatography ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; analysis

Objective To examine the interfractional dosimetric variations among inverse three-dimensional (3D) plan, forward 3D plan, and two-dimensional (2D) plan of intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer, and to discuss the risk of implementing the interval plan on different implantation applicators at short time intervals.Methods Twenty-five groups of CT-guided intracavitary brachytherapy (two consecutive radiations at ≤4 d apart) plans from 11 cervical cancer patients who received radical radiation therapy in our hospital were reviewed and compared.The dwelling location and time of the first intracavitary brachytherapy plan (Plan-1) were simulated on the CT image of the second intracavitary brachytherapy to form Plan-1-S.The target coverage indices and D 2 cc of organs at risk (OARs) of Plan-1-S and Plan 2(actual plan of the second intracavitary brachytherapy) under the three planning modes were recorded and compared using the paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and ANOVA.Results The D90, D100, and V100 of high-risk CTV were significantly lower in Plan-1-S created under the inverse mode in the actual plan (-9.11±13.46%,-13.16±18.79%, and-7.80±13.34%, P=0.002, 0.002, and 0.005, respectively).D90, D100, and V100 of the interval plan had the greatest reduction under the inverse mode (76%, 80%, and 76%, respectively).The maximum reductions in D90, D100, and V100 were 332.14 cGy (2D), 244.12 cGy (forward), and 41.76%(inverse).OAR overdose occurred most frequently under the forward mode;the rates of D90, D100, and V100 reductions accompanied by one OAR overdose were 29.41%, 37.50%, and 25.00%, and the rates of D90, D100, and V100 reductions by two OAR overdoses were 5.88%, 12.50%, and 6.25%,respectively.Overdose occurred most frequently in the small intestine (36%).Comparison of the three planning modes showed that the inverse plan had a greater reduction in each target coverage index than the 2D plan.Conclusions The simulated interval plan can significantly reduce target coverage and increase the risk of OAR overdose regardless of the planning mode and the short time intervals, and is therefore not recommended for clinical application.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy alone in patients with T3,T4 or lymph node-positive rectal cancer.Methods 141 rectal cancer patients with locally advanced or node-positive based on imaging from 2000 to 2009 were retrospective analyzed.Ninety-seven patients received preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy and 44 received preoperative radiotherapy alone.Two-dimensional or three-dimensional radiation technique and four types of chemotherapy regimens were used.Results The following-up rate was 91.5％.106 patients were followed up for at least 3 years and 68 patients for at least 5 years.The 3-and 5-year overall survival rates were 85.8％ and 65.7％,respectively.The 3-and 5-year local recurrence rates were 9.2％ and 14.1％,respectively.The 3-and 5-year metastasis rates were 33.8％ and 45.8％,respectively.The downstaging rate was up to 59.0％ (82/139) and the rate of sphincter preservation was 65.5％ (91/139).The median disease-free survival in patients treated with preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy was superior to radiotherapy alone (51 months vs 31 months,x2 =12.88,P =0.000).The time to metastasis in patients with downstaging was significantly delayed than that in patients without downstaging (60 months vs 29 months,x2 =14.65,P =0.000).Most acute toxicity was grade 1 and grade 2.The incidence of delayed wound healing and anastomotic leakage was very low.Conclusions Preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy or radiotherapy alone has excellent tumor downstaging effect and helps in sphincter preservation,with tolerable side effects.