Plasma exchange as an important technique for blood purification,its treatment involves a wide range of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome,nervous system disease,kidney disease,poisoning disease,metabolic disease etc.Clinical in pediatric patients for blood purification treatment must be considered in children with primary disease and clinical symptoms,in order to reduce the incidence of various types of complications,ensure the clinical efficacy.

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase,Akt,and the mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR)signaling pathway is shown to play a key role in the tumorigenesis,proliferation,metastasis,apoptosis,and angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)by regulating gene expression.The components and functions of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway are briefly described,and the research advances in the action mechanism of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in the progression of HCC and related inhibitors are reviewed.It is disclosed that blocking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway may become a new therapy for HCC.

Aim To observe the c-fos expression in the caudate-putman of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats after Apomorphine intraperitoneal injection and to investigate the inherent mechanism of it. Methods Rats received a unilateral injection of 6-OHDA into SNc. The abnormal rotations induced by Apomorphine (APO) were investigated 1、7、14 d and 21 d after lesion.Meanwhile dopaminergic derogation and c-fos expression were observed with Nissl body staining,eletronicmicroscopic and immunocytochemistry methods. Results The number of dopaminergic neurons decreased gradually in the lesioned site and its eletronicmicroscopic structure was damaged. When over 80% dopaminergic neurons were lossed , contralateral rotations surpassed 7 r?min~(1) and c-fos expressed in the ipsilateral striatum. Conclusion APO induces c-fos expression in the ipsilateral striatum. Intrinsic relations may exist between dopaminergic neurons deletion and c-fos expression

Different cells could be utilized as seed cells in the construction of tissue-engineered skelet al muscle, which include satellite stem cells, myohlasts, embryonic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells includ-ing bone marrow-derived stem cells, amniotic fluid-derived stem cells, and adipose tissue-derived stem cells. Seed cells from different origins are capable of trans-differentiating into myogenic cells or fusing with myogenic cells, expressing the surface antigen of sarcogenic cells, and participating in the regeneration of muscle fiber, both in vivo and ex vivo. This review gives a summarization of the recent progress in the research on seed cell source in skelet al muscle tissue engineering.

Objective:To observe the effect of simvastatin at different doses on the inflammatory factors and renal function in se-nile patients with diabetic kidney disease ( DKD) . Methods:Totally 160 cases of DKD patients were randomly divided into the control group, low dose group, conventional dose group and high dose group. All the patients were given the foundation treatment, and the low dose group, conventional dose group and high dose group was respectively given simvastatin 10, 20,40 mg·d-1 . The changes of in-flammatory cytokines (CRP, ICAM-1 and IL-1β) and renal index (BUN, Cr, UAER, 24hUpro and Uβ2-MG) among the groups were observed and compared before and after the 4-week treatment. Results:CRP in the high dose group after the treatment was significantly decreased when compared with that before the treatment and that in the control group after the treatment, and the difference was statisti-cally significant (P<0. 05). ICAM-1 in the low dose group, conventional dose group and high dose group was significantly decreased when compared with that before the treatment and that in the control group after the treatment, and the difference was statistically sig-nificant (P<0. 05). IL-1β in the four groups after the treatment had no obvious change when compared with that before the treatment, and there was no significant difference among the groups (P >0.05). BUN in the four groups after the treatment had no obvious change when compared with that before the treatment, and there was no significant difference among the groups (P>0. 05). Cr and UAER in the four groups after the treatment were significantly decreased (P<0. 05), those in the low dose group, conventional dose group and high dose group after the treatment were significantly lower than those in the control group after the treatment (P<0. 05), and those in the conventional dose group and high dose group after the treatment were significantly lower than those in the low dose group after the treatment (P<0. 05). 24hUpro in the low dose group, conventional dose group and high dose group after the treatment was significantly decreased when compared with that before the treatment and that in the control group after the treatment (P<0. 05). Uβ2-MG in the low dose group, conventional dose group and high dose group after the treatment was significantly decreased when com-pared with that before the treatment and that in the control group after the treatment (P<0. 05), that in the conventional dose group and high dose group after the treatment was significantly decreased when compared with that in the low dose group after the treatment (P<0. 05), and that in the high dose group after the treatment was significantly lower than that in the conventional dose group after the treatment (P<0. 05). ③There was no statistically significant difference in the adverse reactions incidence among the four groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion:Simvastatin can improve diabetic nephropathy conditions in two aspects of inflammation factors and renal in-dex, and simvastatin at high dose shows more advantages.

Objective To compare the clinical effect of radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging(SPECT)and multilayer spiral CT coronary artery imaging(MSCT) in the diagnosis of coronsry artery disease(CHD).Methods The clinical data of 36 patients suspected with CHD and routine inspection of SPECT and MSCT were retrospectively analyzed.The diagnostic effects of two methods were compared.Results The sensitivity,specificity and the rate of accuracy of SPECT was 89.47％,94.12％,and 91.67％,respectively,while the sensitivity,specificity and the rate of accuracy of MSCT was 84.21％,94.12％,and 88.89％,respectively.There were no obvious difference in two groups (x2 =1.265,1.668,2.005,1.526,1.889,all P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion There was a high degree consistency on the diagnosis of CHD between SPECT and MSCT.In the application,combined with the two methods could improve the diagnosis of CHD.

OBJECTIVE:To study the perioperative use of prophylactic antibiotics in a hospital.METHODS:210 surgery patients were sampled randomly from Apr.to Aug.2006 in a hospital and investigated in respect of the perioperative use of prophylactic antibiotics based on the Guiding Principle of the Clinical Application of Antibacterials.RESULTS:Of the 210 cases,the ratio of perioperative use of antibiotics were as high as 98.10%,the application ratio of antibiotics in depuratory operation was 96.97%,and were 100% in other kinds of surgeries.The application ratios of antibacterials 0.5～2 h before surgery,after operation and during operation stood at 25.73%,21.84% and 52.43%,respectively.The average duration of antibiotic use was 3.17 d,with a maximum of 13 d.The duration of antibiotic use in depuratory operation,depuratory-contaminant operation and contaminant operation were 1.40,3.60 and 8.19 d,respectively.Antibacterials used singly totaled 23 kinds,of which,cefuroxime,latamoxef,amoxicillin/potassium clavulanate,cefminox and norvancomycin hydrochloride topped the first 5 places.CONCLUSION:The results show that the rate of application rate of antibiotics in this hospital is on the high side,the preventive medication indications were unclear and the drug use was lack of special aim,the management on which remains to be standardized.

Objective:To investigate the priorities of each factor influencing the casualties in refugees living in border areas, so as to provide evidence for casualty forecasting in the refugees. Methods: We summarized the factors affecting the refugee casualty in the border area through searching and reviewing the related literatures. The identified factors were classified into 3 levels and the quantitative index system was established by using Delphi method, i.e. expert consulting method. The names and the meanings of each index were revised according to experts’ suggestions after 3 rounds of consulting. The weights of each index were determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and comparing-reordering method. Results: A 3-level quantitative system was successfully constructed, which consisted of 4 first level indices (including natural factors, social factors, medical factors, and war factors), 12 second level indices, and 37 third level indices; the weights of all indices were determined. Conclusion: The result of our study can be used in predicting refugee casualty and provide a reference for the medical service of refugees living in the border areas.

Objective To predict as well as bioinforrmatically analyze the target genes of has-miR-451.Methods miRBase, miRanda, TargetScan and PicTar were used to predict the target genes of hsa-miRNA-451.The functions of the target genes were demonstrated by Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis.P＜0.05 was set as statistically significant.Results 18 target spots of hsa-miRNA-451 were predicted by 3 databases or prediction software at least.The functions of the target genes were enriched in proliferation and development of epithelial cells and regulation of kinase activity (P＜ 0.05).Pathway analysis showed that transforming growth factor-beta signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, epidermal growth factor signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway were significantly enriched (P＜0.05).Conclusion hsa-miRNA-451 might be involved in various signaling pathways related to proliferation and development of epithelial cells.