The xMOOC model of campus open course was analyzed according to the problems in domestic and foreign MOOC construction and the specific characteristics of online learning in campus open course. The roles of students, teachers, performance assessment system and observers were analyzed, which showed that their roles were not accu-rately positioned. Suggestions were put forward for improving the campus open course xMOOC.

BACKGROUND:Artificial cornea titanium scaffold has a higher complication rate in clinical usage; therefore, to seek a kind of artificial corneal scaffold with high biocompatibility is a hot spot.
OBJECTIVE:To explore the biocompatibility of the artificial cornea titanium scaffold with hydroxyapatite surface modification.
METHODS: Twenty-seven New Zealand white rabbits were enroled to make alkali burn models of the right cornea and then randomized into three groups: in experimental group, artificial cornea titanium scaffold with hydroxyapatite surface modification was implanted into the right eye; in control group, artificial cornea titanium scaffold was implanted into the right eye; in blank group, no scaffold was implanted into the right eye. At 2, 4, 16 weeks after implantation, the right corneas were taken out for pathological observation and scanning electron microscope observation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 16 weeks after implantation, there was no difference in the number of inflammatory cels and fibroblasts among the three groups. Over time, in the experimental group, the corneal tissues, fibrous tissues and adhered extracelular matrices were increased gradualy. In addition, the experimental group had more adherent corneal tissues, extracelular matrices and better tissue healing than the control and blank groups. These findings indicate that the artificial cornea titanium scaffold with hydroxyapatite surface modification had good biocompatibility that can effectively promote proliferation of corneal cels and corneal vascularization.

The construction of open course for information literacy education in the era of ubiquitous network was described according to the COOC self learning platform that we developed with information retrieval course construc-tion as its standards.

OBJECTIVE:To study the perioperative use of prophylactic antibiotics in a hospital.METHODS:210 surgery patients were sampled randomly from Apr.to Aug.2006 in a hospital and investigated in respect of the perioperative use of prophylactic antibiotics based on the Guiding Principle of the Clinical Application of Antibacterials.RESULTS:Of the 210 cases,the ratio of perioperative use of antibiotics were as high as 98.10%,the application ratio of antibiotics in depuratory operation was 96.97%,and were 100% in other kinds of surgeries.The application ratios of antibacterials 0.5～2 h before surgery,after operation and during operation stood at 25.73%,21.84% and 52.43%,respectively.The average duration of antibiotic use was 3.17 d,with a maximum of 13 d.The duration of antibiotic use in depuratory operation,depuratory-contaminant operation and contaminant operation were 1.40,3.60 and 8.19 d,respectively.Antibacterials used singly totaled 23 kinds,of which,cefuroxime,latamoxef,amoxicillin/potassium clavulanate,cefminox and norvancomycin hydrochloride topped the first 5 places.CONCLUSION:The results show that the rate of application rate of antibiotics in this hospital is on the high side,the preventive medication indications were unclear and the drug use was lack of special aim,the management on which remains to be standardized.

Four bacterial and 8 fungal isolates were incubated in media for 6 days. It was found that organic acid content in the media increased largely, but pH decreased sharply. Phosphorus content in the media enhanced dramatically as well. The fungal isolates showed stronger ability to dissolve phosphate rock than the bacterial ones. These isolates excreted not only quite distinct volume of organic acids but diverse organic acid chemicals. The fungi produced more kinds of organic acids than the bacteria. However, there was no significant relationship between the total quantity of organic acids and P content in the media.

Three bacteria of decomposing lecithin and 4 bacteria of dissolving aptite were incubated for 4 weeks with sand media respectively. Phosphorus in the sand was extracted with distilled water and measured by different methods. It was found that the bacteria have a quite different ability to release P from the materials. Part of the P released became organic phosphorus compounds in microbial tissue. However, a large amount of the P was reserved in microbial cells in a form of phosphates. The direct measurement of P in the extract by molybdenum blue method would underestimate the capacity of the bacteria to release P from the materials. The correct approach was that the sand was fumigated with chloroform and then digested with acid before the measurement by molybdenum blue method.

Objective:To study the application of direct immunofluorescence in detecting RSV antigen in children respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)pneumonia.Methods:Multi-center,block randomization,parallel control clinic tests were adopted.To use Qingkailing Injection and Ertongqingfei Oral Liquid as test group and ribavirin injection and Compound Guaiacol Potassium Sulfonale Oral Solution as control group for treating accumulation of phlegm-heat in lung syndrome in children RSV pneumonia.Direct immuno uorescence was used to detect RSV turning to negative in different period in treatment time.Results:The time of turning to negative of test group was earlier than the control group's.In the case of 208 include 108 in the test group and 98 in the control group,it had statistic significance(P0.05).Conclusion:Detection of RSV antigen by direct immuno uorescence is simple,stable,sensitive and special.It is better in choosing clinical case and tracing clinical effect and should be widely applied in clinic.

Objective To study conventional laparoscopic instruments line single hole peritoneoscope gallbladder excision and three hole laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery efficacy and safety.Methods 140 cases patients with gallbladder stones in our hospital from January 2014 to June 2015 were selected as the research subjects.All patients need to be treated with cholecystectomy.All the patients according to the random number table were randomly divided into two groups,respectively for single hole group and three group.Single hole group using a single hole peritoneoscope gallbladder excision,triplex group use three hole laparoscopic gallbladder resection.The surgical effect,hospitalization costs and complications were compared between the two groups after treatment.Results Hole group operation time (87.89 ± 12.81) min,longer than the three-hole group (53.89 ± 8.91) min,but the hospital stay was (1.28 ± 0.21) d and total hospital costs (11 241.21 ± 23.91) yuan,were lower than three-hole group,P ＜ 0.05,the difference was statistical significance in the amount of bleeding in the two groups were not statistical significance,P ＞ 0.05;two groups of patients had complicatiom,but have been treated better,and two concurrent disease (1.43％ vs 2.86％) incidence was no significant difference,P ＞ 0.05.Conclusion Single hole laparoscopic cholecystectomy reduce the hospitalization time and hospitalization expenses,surgical trauma is smaller,postoperative recovery is faster,and the safety is high,it is worthy of clinical application.

The course evaluation scheme oriented ability cultivation was established. The for-mative evaluation indexes which were practiced in information retrieval course were divided into two indicators:classroom learning and performance including five secondary indexes(classroom discipline, classroom learning, homework, questions and answer questions online, personal essay and group dis-cussion reports) with the and seven observation points(pre-class preparation, teacher-student interac-tions, classroom discussions and classroom reports, experimental class performance, homework com-pletion, the utilization of network teaching platform, personal essay and group discussion), and these were practiced in the teaching of “information retrieval” curriculum, the usual results was composed with the usual academic performance and utilization of the network teaching platform. Finally, the practice results were discussed and summarized in order to cultivate the ability of the students who major in information management and to improve the teaching quality.

Background BackgroundMeningothelial cells (MECs) are major cell type in the meningeal sheath around optic nerve,which form a fluid barrier between optic nerve and the cerebral spinal fluid.The impairment of the cerebral fluid-optic nerve barrier probably affects the balance of cerebral fluid components.Currently,the investigation on the role of MECs in neuropathy is less performed.Objective This study attempted to explore hypoxia-induced function changes of MECs,and to shed a new clus for the future research of optic nerve disorders.Methods Human MECs strains were cultured in vitro and cell suspension was prepared with the cell densities of 2.5 ×103/hole,5.0× 103/hole and 1 x 104 /hole,respectively.The suspensions of 100 μl were separately collected to incubate in 96-well plates and cultivated for 2 days in 21％ O2(normoxia group) or 1％ O2(hypoxia group).MTS was used to detect and compare the proliferative value (A490) of MECs between the normoxia group and the hypoxia group.The changes of MECs diameter and volume were measured by CASY1 assay.ATP product in the cells after MECs exposed to different oxygen environments with or without substrate (100 mmol/L pyruvate and 100 mmol/L malate) for 1,2 days were assayed by Luminometer method.The expression and distribution of cytochrome C in the cells of the normoxia group and the hypoxia group were determined by immunofluorescence.Results A490 of MECs in the 2.5× 103/hole,5.0× 103/hole and 1 × 104/hole were 0.399±0.009,0.393±0.009 and 0.496±0.026 in the hypoxia group,which were lower than 0.424±0.131,0.413±0.111 and 0.537±0.021 in the normoxia group (t =3.777,P =0.004 ; t =3.251,P =0.009 ; t =3.037,P =0.013).Compared with the normoxia group,the diameter and volume were significantly increased in the hypoxia group ([20.970 ±0.127] μm vs.[21.198 ±0.048] μm,t =-3.762,P=0.006; [5805±73] fl vs.[6026±106] fl,t=-4.124,P=0.002).ATP products were (0.900±0.225)mmol/(L· g) and (0.952± 0.075) mmol/(L · g) in the hypoxia group and the hypoxia+substrate group,which were significantly lower than (1.389±0.145) mmol/(L · g) and (1.401±0.122) mmol/(L · g) in the normoxia group and the normoxia +substrate group (P =0.001,0.002,0.001).Immunofluorescense staining showed that the green fluorescence of cytochrome C located at mitochondria of MECs in the normoxia group,but in the hypoxia group,cytochrome C distributed in the cytoplasm extensively.Conclusions Hypoxia induces malfunction of MECs,which might impact the intact of the cerebral spinal fluid-optic nerve barrier and therefore influence the microenvironment of the subarachnoid space and neuronal function.