Objective To observe apoptotic cells and caspase-3-positive cells in ipsilateral neonatal hypoxic-isch?emia encephalopathy (NHIE) model in mice. Methods CD1 mice of age 7 days (n=30) were randomly divided into two groups: sham group (n=9) and model group (n=21). NHIE model was induced by right common carotid artery ligation fol?lowed by 8%oxygen hypoxia for 100 min. TTC staining was used to determine area of brain infarction. DAPI staining was used to detect pathological change in brains. TUNEL assay was used to detect apoptotic cells and fluorescence immunohisto?chemistry was used to detect caspase-3 expression in the ipsilateral brain. Results No infarct was detected in sham group. Cells were densely and orderly arranged in brain. TUNEL-positive cells (18.57±4.98) and caspase-3-positive cells (9.17± 2.14) in the ipsilateral brain were both less than those in the ipsilateral brain of mice in model group (209.57±41.27) and (63.33±16.22) respectively. Mice in model group presented infarct in the right hemisphere with more dead cells and wider in?terstitial space compared with sham group. Conclusion Brain injury in NHIE model might be related to the increasing cas?pase-3 expression thus leads to apoptosis.

ObjectiveToevaluatethefeasibilityandresultsof transorallaparoscopic thyroidectomy. MethodThyroidectomy was attempted in 5 cases,including 4 females and 1 male with the average age of 42 years( range 35 -60 years).All patients was diagnosed as single nodule of the thyroid gland confirmed by B-mode ultrasound examination before the operation.The average diameter of nodule was 2.5 cm (range 2 - 3.4 cm). ResultTransoral laparoscopic thyroidectomy was perfoormed successfully in all 5 patients.The operation time was 120 - 210 min,averaging 170 min,blood loss during the operation was 15-60 ml,the postoperative hospitalization was 4 days. There was no conversion to open surgery,no recurrent laryngeal nerve injury,nor parathyroid glands dysfunction. ConclusionsTransoral laparoscopic thyroidectomy is feasible and safe,giving excellent cosmetic results.

OBJECTIVE:To study the mechanism of Aurantii fructus immaturus(AFI)and its main active ingredients in pro-moting gastrointestinal motility of model rats with spleen deficiency. METHODS:170 rats were randomly divided into blank group (10 rats) and modeling group (160 rats),rats in modeling group was induced models with spleen deficiency by bitter cold diar-rhea+irregular diet. After modeling, rats were randomly divided into model group, naringin (NA) low-dose, medium-lose, high-dose groups(3.267,6.535,13.070 mg/mL),neohesperidin(NE)low-dose,medium-lose,high-dose groups(3.865,7.730, 15.460 mg/mL),synephrine(SY)low-dose,medium-lose,high-dose groups(0.252,0.504,1.008 mg/mL),compatibility groups with 3 monomer ingredients (NA-NE-SY) low-dose,medium-lose,high-dose and AFI water decoction low-dose,medium-lose, high-dose groups(0.104,0.208,0.416 g/mL,calculated by crude drug),ig,once a day,10 mL/kg,for 7 d. After the last admin-istration,gastrin (GAS) in serum,and acetylcholine (ACh),motilin (MTL),substance P (SP),vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)levels in plasma were detected. RESULTS:Compared with blank group,GAS level in serum and ACh,MTL,SP levels in plasma in model group were reduced(P<0.01),VIP level in plasma was increased(P<0.05). Compared with model group,ex-cept for the GAS level in serum showed no obvious change in NA high-dose group and SY doses groups,other medicine groups were obviously increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);the ACh levels in serum were obviouly increased in NE high-dose group,SY high-dose group and AFI water decoction low-dose group(P<0.01). MTL levels in plasma were obviously increased in NE medi-um-dose,high-dose groups,SY high-dose group,compatibility low-dose,medium-dose groups and AFI water decoction medi-um-dose,high-lose groups (P<0.05);SP levels in plasma were obviously increased in NA low-dose,medium-dose groups and NE doses groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01);VIP levels were reduced in NA low-dose group,SY high-dose group and AFI water decoc-tion low-dose,medium-lose groups(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:AFI may promote the gastrointestinal motility of model rats with spleen deficiency by promoting the secretion of GAS,ACh,MTL,and inhibiting the secretion of VIP;there are differences be-tween AFI and the 3 monomer ingredients in regulation of gastrointestinal hormones.

Objective:To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with unknown etiology of portal hypertension and investigate the efficacy of endoscopic management of gastroesophageal varices in these patients.Methods:Patients with unknown etiology of portal hypertension and gastroesophageal varices who received liver biopsy between January, 2017 and January, 2020 in Zhongshan Hospital were included. The characteristics of pathology, portal computed tomography (CT) angiography, and endoscopy were recorded and follow-up for the occurrence of bleeding after treatment.Results:A total of 31 patients were included and divided into cirrhosis with unknown etiology group ( n=10) and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension group ( n=21). Patients in the non-cirrhotic group were younger [28.0(29.5-49.5) vs 58.5(43.5-65.8), P=0.004] and mostly male (71.4%), and fewer comorbidities including diabetes (4.8% vs 40.0%, P=0.027). The features of pathology finding including vasculopathy, cholestasis, and hepatic sinusoidal dilatation as well as the Sarin classification and bleeding rate of gastroesophageal varices, proportion of patients receiving endoscopic treatment were shown similar between the two groups ( P>0.05). The hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) was significantly lower in the non-cirrhotic group [4.5(2.8-12.8)mmHg vs 12(8-18)mmHg, P=0.018]. Among them, 21 patients received endoscopic treatment, and the bleeding rate had no difference between these two groups after endoscopic treatment ( P=0.751). Conclusions:Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension in a predominantly young male population has similar clinicalpathological characteristics when compared to cirrhotic portal hypertension with unknown etiology. HVPG can not reflect the actual portal pressure in these patients. Endoscopic treatment is the effective treatment option for the prevention of variceal bleeding.

Objective Using literature metrology,scientific literature in the field of depression models in animals was analyzed to better understand the development trends and hot topics in this field.Methods We obtained publications on depression and animal models from 2013 to 2022 from the Web of Science core set database.CiteSpace 6.1 R1(64-bit)Basic was used to analyze annual publications,countries,institutions,authors,and keywords related to this field.Results A total of 1000 articles were included in this study.From 2013 to 2022,the number of articles published increased gradually and then stabilized.In terms of the number of articles,the United States had the most published articles(256).Wegener Gregers was the most influential author in the field with 23 published articles.Conclusions The field focuses on signaling pathways and therapeutic approaches to determine the pathogenesis of depression and better treatments.This study provides a visual analysis of trends in depression research to help researchers keep up with the latest developments.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and results of laparoscopic thyroidectomy by oral and breast approach for the treatment of papillary throid carcinoma.Methods Thyoidectomy was performed in 26 cases,including 24 females and 2 males with the average age of 34 years (range 20-53 years).All patients were diagnosed throid carcinoma confirmed by FNA or B-mode ultrasound examination,a thyroid lobe or total thyroidectomy and central compartment dissection was performed by breast approach,then additional dissection of central compartment was completed through oral approach.Results Laparoscopic thyroidectomy via oral in combination with brest approach was performed successfully in all 26 cases.The mean operative time was (164 ± 13) min,including average time of oral approach of (40 ± 7) min.The mean number of lymph node dissection in central compartment was 7.42 ± 4.88,oral approach achieved additional 1.23 ± 2.21,with metastatic lymph nodes diseccted by oral approach in 3 cases.Conclusions Laparoscopic thyroidectomy via oral in combination with breast approach for the treament of papillary throid carcinoma is better than breast approach alone in central compartment dissection.

Objective The present situation and hotspots of KM mouse research were visualized by CiteSpace software,which provided a reference for breaking through the bottleneck of KM mouse research and finding new ideas in China.Methods A total of 3981 articles were retrieved from CNKI and Web of Science databases from January 1,2004 to June 10,2023,of which the number of publications,countries(regions),institutions,author cooperation network,keyword co-occurrence,clustering,burst words,and cited English literature for analysis.Results The number of documents published in Chinese was decreased and the number of documents published in English was increased gradually in KM mouse research.The three countries with the most published articles were China,the United States,and Japan,where the leading research institutions were the China Agricultural University,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine.The main authors at home and abroad were Liu Weihui,Li Guangwu,and Zhao Xin.The domestic research focused on the toxicology,immunology,and reproduction of KM mouse,and the foreign research focused on the cell biology and physiology of KM mouse.Conclusions KM mouse have been used and popularized in our country for more than 70 years,mainly focusing on toxicology,immunology,and reproduction.Although the use of KM mouse has led tove made allowed some achievements in experiments,certain it is necessary to solve their problems in the future,such as the standardization of population breeding,the discovery of the dominant research fields,and the further promotion of animal ethics,should be resolved.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Gegen Qinliantang （GGQLT）-medicated serum on free fatty acid （FFA）-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis （NASH） in vitro model of human hepatoma cells HepG2. MethodNASH model of HepG2 cells was established in vitro， and the cells were intervened with different volume fractions of GGQLT-medicated serum and resveratrol. Intracellular lipid deposition in each group was detected by oil red O staining， the level of reactive oxygen species （ROS） in each group were detected by flow cytometry， the levels of glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， triglyceride （TG） and malondialdehyde （MDA） in each group were detected by kits. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to measure the mRNA expression levels of nuclear transcription factor （NF）E₂-related factor 2 （Nrf2）， heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1）， quinone oxidoreductase 1 （NQO1）， Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein-1 （Keap1）， NF-κB， thioredoxin interacting protein （TXNIP）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β） in HepG2 cells of each group. The protein expression of Nrf2， TXNIP in cells of each group was detected by Western blot. ResultFFA induced large accumulation of intracellular lipids. Compared with the normal group， the activities of GSH-Px and SOD were significantly decreased （P<0.01） and the contents of TG， ROS and MDA were significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01） in the model group. Compared with the model group， all GGQLT groups and resveratrol group could elevate intracellular SOD activity to different degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01） and significantly reduce the levels of intracellular ROS and MDA （P<0.05， P<0.01）， GGQLD high- and medium-dose groups and resveratrol group significantly elevated GSH-Px activity （P<0.01）， GGQLD medium- and low-dose groups and resveratrol group significantly decreased TG content （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， GGQLT high- and medium-dose groups and resveratrol group could significantly upregulate the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2， HO-1 and NQO1 （P<0.01）， all GGQLT groups and resveratrol group could significantly downregulate the TXNIP protein expression level， as well as significantly downregulate the mRNA expression levels of Keap1， NF-κB （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Nrf2-siRNA transfection of cells revealed that Nrf2 expression was significantly downregulated （P<0.01） in the Nrf2-siRNA group of cells by comparing with NC-siRNA group at the corresponding dose of drugs， and the inhibitory effects of GGQLT and resveratrol on TXNIP， IL-1β were attenuated. ConclusionFFA induces the production of ROS and inflammatory factors in HepG2 cells， and GGQLT can improve the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities of cells， and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of Nrf2/TXNIP signaling pathway， so as to improve NASH.