OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of antibiotics in the inpatients of three second-level hospitals in order to provide reference for rational use of antibiotics. METHODS: By means of retrospective study, the application of antibiotics in three second-level hospitals from Jan. to Jun. in 2008 was analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The ratio of patients using antibiotics was 67.95%. Many inappropriate phenomena still existed in application of antibiotics, such as unclear medication indications, irrational choice of drug, excessive dosage, irrational times of administration, unreasonable drug combinations, etc. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to strengthen the management of antibiotics in order to promote rational use of antibiotics.

Acute leukemia (AL) is an early hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell malignant cloning disease.Minimal residual disease and drug resistance are considered to be the origin of relapse and refractory.Recently,more and more evidences have shown that the interaction between leukemia cells and stromal cells or extracellular matrix in the bone marrow microenvironment can promote their survival,and enhance the resistance to conventional chemotherapy drugs.Integrin is the major molecule mediating the adhesion between leukemia cells and extracellular matrix (cellular and non cellular components),which plays a key role in cell proliferation,survival and other biological processes;however,the mechanism is not fully understood yet.This paper will review molecular mechanisms of the relationship between integrin and AL discovered recently.

Objective To investigate the role of rheumatoid factor(RF) ,C‐reactive protein(CRP) ,erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) .Methods 74 RA patients and 90 patients with symptoms similar to RA were recruited in the study randomly .Blood samples were detected for the levels of RF ,CRP ,ESR .The results were compared between two groups .Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC) was used to access the diagnostic efficiency .Results The levels of RF , CRP ,ESR of RA group were (271 .4 ± 560 .9)IU/mL ,(28 .7 ± 35 .6)mg/L ,(60 .9 ± 40 .1)mm/h ,respectively ,and were higher than those of control group which were (56 .8 ± 189 .3)IU/mL ,(15 .4 ± 24 .7)mg/L ,(45 .1 ± 33 .1)mm/h respectively .ROC analysis re‐vealed that the AUC of RF ,CRP ,ESR and combined detection of the 3 factors were 0 .784 ,0 .666 ,0 .615 ,0 .757 ,respectively with statistical significance(P<0 .05) .Conclusion RF ,CRP ,ESR are useful in the diagnosis of RA ,and RF has the highest diagnostic ef f iciency .

Objective To explore the effect and value of sufentanyl combined with different concentrations of ropivacaine in labor analgesia.Methods 120 analgesia childbirth pregnant women were divided into 3 groups(group A 0.5g/L,group B 1.0g/L,group C 2.0g/L)by random number table method,40 cases in each group,they were giv-en sufentanyl combined with different concentrations of ropivacaine in labor analgesia.The labor analgesia effect of three groups of pregnant women was recorded.Results The postpartum 2 h blood loss and total labor time of group A were (147.55 ±25.39)mL and (727.54 ±56.38)min,which of group B were (131.03 ±18.73)mL,(573.53 ± 40.09)min,which of group C were (120.03 ±14.84)mL,(493.82 ±34.51)min,there were statistically significant differences among the three groups(F =3.342 7,7.551 7,all P <0.05).The VAS pain score,oxygen partial pressure and CO2 partial pressure of group A were (3.15 ±1.14)points,(17.11 ±1.43)mmHg,(52.73 ±2.59)mmHg, which of group B were (2.01 ±0.76)points,(18.24 ±2.03)mmHg,(50.01 ±1.68)mmHg,which of group C were (1.51 ±0.35)points,(19.41 ±2.76)mmHg,(47.21 ±1.02)mmHg,there were statistically significant differences among the three groups(F =4.651 4,2.852 5,5.681 4,all P <0.05).The incidence rate of complications in group A was 7.50%,which in group B was 10.00%,which in group C was 15.00%,there was statistically significant difference among the three groups(χ2 =0.4571,P >0.05).Conclusion Using 1.5g/L ropivacaine combined with sufentanyl in labor analgesia is remarkable,high safety,neonatal and maternal prognosis is good,and therefore should be preferred to 1.5g/L ropivacaine combined with sufentanyl in labor analgesia.

In this study, polyelectrolyte microcapsules have been fabricated by biocompatible ferrosoferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) and poly allyamine hydrochloride (PAH) using layer by layer assembly technique. The Fe3O4 NPs were prepared by chemical co-precipitation, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and infrared spectrum (IR). Quartz cell also was used as a substrate for building multilayer films to evaluate the capability of forming planar film. The result showed that Fe3O4 NPs were selectively deposited on the surface of quartz cell. Microcapsules containing Fe3O4 NPs were fabricated by Fe3O4 NPs and PAH alternately self-assembly on calcium carbonate microparticles firstly, then 0.2 molL(-1) EDTA was used to remove the calcium carbonate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Zetasizer and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to characterize the microcapsule's morphology, size and magnetic properties. The result revealed that Fe3O4 NPs and PAH were successfully deposited on the surface of CaCO3 microparticles, the microcapsule manifested superparamagnetism, size and saturation magnetization were 4.9 +/- 1.2 microm and 8.94 emu x g(-1), respectively. As a model drug, Rhodamin B isothiocyanate labeled bovine serum albumin (RBITC-BSA) was encapsulated in microcapsule depended on pH sensitive of the microcapsule film. When pH 5.0, drug add in was 2 mg, the encapsulation efficiency was (86.08 +/- 3.36) % and the drug loading was 8.01 +/- 0.30 mg x m(L-1).

Objective To study the role of bcl 2 gene expression in human prostate. Methods The level of bcl 2 gene mRNA expression were investigated by in situ hybridization in 11 cases of fetal prostates, 27 cases of adult (specimens obtained from autopsy)and 60 cases of hyperplastic prostates. Results In fetal prostates, positive signals were detected in all epithelial cells of the prostate buds, while in adult and hyperplastic specimens, positive signals were predominantly concentrated to the basal cell layer of the epithelium, with little involvement of the secretory epithelial cells. The expression in hyperplastic prostates was significantly higher than in normal ones and that of the basal epithelial cells was significantly higher than the secretory ones in both the normal prostates and the hyperplastic ones. Conclusions Bcl 2 gene may play an important role in regulating the apoptosis of the basal cells while if plays a secondary role in the secretory cells of the prostate.

Objective: To establish a continuous flow injection analysis with potassium permanganate for determination of oxygen consumption in water. Methods: The water samples and acid potassium permanganate working solutions were mixed using the continuous flow bubble spacing, and subjected to online heating reaction at 97 ℃. The peak height of the electrical signal of potassium permanganate was measured at the maximum absorption wavelength of 520 nm, and the standard substance, sulfuric acid concentration and potassium permanganate concentration were optimized according to the peak height of the electrical signal. The standard curve was plotted to measure the limit of detection, the limit of quantification, and spiked recovery rate of the method. The CODMn concentration was determined in 40 drinking water samples using acid potassium permanganate titration and continuous flow injection analysis using potassium permanganate, and the determination results of the two methods were compared with paired t-test. Results: Glucose was selected as the standard substance, and the mixture of 17.5% sulfuric acid and 3.2 mmol/L potassium permanganate was selected as the working solution. CODMn had a good linear relationship at concentrations of 0 to 6.00 mg/L, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 and higher, a detection limit of 0.013 mg/L and a quantitation limit of 0.043 mg/L, respectively. The spiked recovery rates were 90.00% to 105.00% in 40 drinking water samples, with relative standard deviations of 0.12% to 1.36%. The determination results of two permanganate index standard substances were all within the range of standard values. The relative errors of CODMn concentration were 1.55% to 9.26% between the continuous flow injection analysis using potassium permanganate and acid potassium permanganate titration, and there was no significant difference (t=2.023, P=0.185). Conclusion The established continuous flow injection analysis with potassium permanganate is feasible for batch determination of oxygen consumption in water.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics of the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) in postmenopausal patients. Methods The clinical features and prognosis of 20 SLE patients whose onset was at least one year after menopause,and 70 patients with the onset during normal menstruation and 43 male patients between 1992 and 2003 were comparatively analyzed. Results The onset of SLE was seen after menopause in 20 out of 699 (2.9%) female patients. The average age at the onset of the disease was 55 years with a peak from 50 to 59. The common clinical manifestations were arthritis,lassitude,fever,alopecia,malar rash,cardiac impairment and weight loss,while laboratory abnormalities were high ESR,decreased C3,ANA≥1∶80,hypergammaglobulinemia and positive anti-RNP antibody. As compared with normal menstruation onset group,the postmenopausal onset group was more likely to have weight loss( P

Objective To understand current status of occupational protection awareness and behavior among dif-ferent professional medical interns,and provide basis for strengthening the education about occupational protection among medical interns .Methods Questionnaire survey was used to survey medical interns at the end of their clini-cal internship.Results A total of 385 cases of occupational exposure occurred during internship period,occupation-al exposure rate was 42.31 % (385/910),occupational exposure mainly occurred in nursing interns (n =190).358 (39.34%)medical interns understood self-protective antibody (hepatitis B surface antibody);difference in occupa-tional exposure rates and awareness of self-protective antibody among different professional medical interns was sta-tistically significant (all P <0.05);222 (57.66%)medical interns sustained occupational exposure more than once, 45.45% of occupational exposure occurred during the process of diagnostic and therapeutic procedure,exposure mainly occurred in the wards (32.21 %).After occupational exposure,46.75% of medical interns felt nervous, 35.06% were worried,18.18% appeared serious psychological reaction,only 14.03% sought support and help from others.Conclusion Awareness of occupational protection among medical interns is insufficient,education and awareness of occupational protection should be intensified,psychological behavioral after occupational exposure should be paid attention among medical students.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of compound total flavonoids on atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- knockout mice.Methods Seven-week old C57BL/6 mice considered of the normal group (n =1 5 );seven-week old ApoE -/- mice were fed with high-fat diet and were assigned randomly into 5 groups:model group,simvastatin group,the low com-pound flavonoids group,the middle compound fla-vonoids group and the high compound flavonoids group.After 1 6 weeks,mice serum and aortas were harvested.The formation of atherosclerotic plaque was analyzed by HE staining,The serum level of lipids pro-files and superoxide dismutase (SOD )were deter-rnined.The levels of IL-1 βand NF-κB in serum were detected by ELISA assay.Results Area of atheroscle-rotic lesion was significantly less in the compound fla-vones group than in model.The level of TC,TG,LDL-C,IL-1 β,NF-κB in serum of the compound flavonoids group were decreased significantly,while SOD and HDL-C increased significantly compared with the mod-el group,and the difference was significant (P <0.05).Conclusion The compound flavonoids have a good protective effect on early atherosclerosis in mice, which may be due to its alleviating effects on hyperlipi-demia and inflammation and oxidation.