Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation,growth,energy metabolism and so on.Clinical research demonstrate that many tumors have its excessive expression, and the mTOR inhibitors rapamycin can resist the development of gastric cancer.Research of mTOR signaling pathway combined with its upstream and downstream has larger value for the early diagnosis,monitoring curative effect and prognosis.

High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a nonhistone nuclear protein.Normally,as one component of the chromatin,HMGB1 regulate life activities such as genetic transcription,recombination and gene repair.HMGB1 can be realeased to the outside of the cell,which can be bound up with cells multiplication,differentiation,migration and the growth of nerve axon.Studies show that HMGB1 is correlated with tumor (s) occurrence,development,invasion and metastasis,such as lung cancer,colorectal cancer,pancreatic cancer and so on.The studies about the relativity between HMGB1 and gastric cancer play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancers.

In the light of mathematical maximum likily hood method, the conditioned probability of clinical manifestations in TCM syndrome of asthenic heart qi - and blood and control group were calculated to establish a " List of Quantitative Diagnostic Index of TCM Manifestations Differentiation for Qi and Blood in Heart Disease". Based on the scoring of the above list, the rate of coincidence of retro - spective test of the three signs were 92. 70%, 93. 20%, 94. 98% respectively, and that of prospective test were 84. 61%, 81.82%, 87. 50% respectively. Authors' address: Institute of diagnostics, Hunan College of TCM, Changsha, Hunan 410027

Objective: To understand current situation and existing problems in financial security of the center for disease control and prevention system in Jiangxi, to provide scientific references for advancing continuous, fast and healthy development of the system. Methods: combining three methods of questionnaire, group discussions and field surveys to investigate the situation of financial income from 112 centers of disease control and prevention in Jiangxi. Results: The government finance investment increased by year, but the funds of daily work and personnel is insufficient, public and regular business funds of some institution still depend on paid service income. Conclusion: It needs to further enhance financial structure adjustment and disease control investment, increase disease control input, change government appropriation method for disease prevention and control institutions, change the government ’ s funding mode to “purchase system” , reasonably pricing public product, the government on behalf of the people buying services according to quality and quantity from the disease prevention and control institutions.

BACKGROUND: There is few studies addressing the long-playing dynamic observation of cysteinyl aspartate specific protease 3 (Caspase-3) expression following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of transplantation of the neural stem cells (NSCs) modified with gene of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) on expression of Caspase-3 in adult Sprague Dawley rats with transient cerebral ischemia.DESING: Randomized controlled animal study.MATERIALS: Sixty Sprague Dawley rats were divided randomly into normal control group (N, n =5), ischemia/reperfusion group (IR, n=5), neural stem cell group (NSCs, n=25) and NSCs modified with gene of GDNF group (GDNF/NSCs, n =25). Several clean neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were selected to harvest NSCs.METHODS: With the exception of normal control group, models of transient cerebral ischemia were created by modified suture method in other groups. At day 3 following reperfusion, 20 μL NSC suspension containing (4.0-5.0)×10~5 NSCs was infused into rats of the NSC group via right lateral ventricle. An equal volume of GDNF-modified NSC suspension was injected into rats of the GDNF/NSC group. 20 μL saline was infused into the rats of the ischemia/reperfusion group. Animals were anesthetized and sacrificed at week 1 following ischemia/reperfusion in the normal control and ischemia/reperfusion groups. Animals were anesthetized and sacrificed at weeks 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 following ischemia/reperfusion in the NSC and GDNF/NSC groups, 5 rats in each time point.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The strept avidin-biotin immunostaining method was used to observe the distributive characteristics of Caspase-3 in the hippocampus and frontal parietal cortex.RESULTS: Immunohistochemical method (SP) showed that positive capase-3 products expressed in nucleus, cytoplasm and partial neurite. In hippocampus, number of Caspase-3-positive cells was decreased in NSC and GDNF/NSC groups. With the exception of at 1-week reperfusion, number of Caspase-3-positive cells was significantly lessened in the GDNF/NSC group compared with the NSC group at other time points (P < 0.05). In frontoparietal cortex, number of Caspase-3-positive cells was reduced in the NSC and GDNF/NSC groups over time. Except 1 and 2 weeks following ischemia/reperfusion, number of Caspase-3-positive cells was significantly lessened in the GDNF/NSC group compared with the NSC group (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: Transplanting NSCs modified with gene of GDNF can improve remarkably neural function by deceasing Caspase-3 expression and reducing the nervous cell apoptosis. The transplantation of NSCs modified with gene of GDNF obtained better outcomes compared with NSC transplantation.

leptin-induced VSMCs proliferation as well as expression of PCNA and OB-R at both mRNA and protein levels. The maximum effect was at 100 μmol/L(P<0.01).

BACKGROUND: In the central nervous system(CNS) of normal adults there are neural stem cells or neural progenitor cells, which are capable of self-renewing and multiple differentiating. In normal physiological conditions, intrinsic neural stem cells are in a resting state. What state will they be in during cerebral ischemia?OBJECTIVE: To observe the distribution, proliferation and differentiation of intrinsic neural stem cells in focal transient ischemia in rats.DESIGN: A randomized controlled exploratory trial based on the rats.SETTING: Neurobiological department, histological and embryological department of a medical college.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted in the Neurobiological Department of Luzhou Medical College from July 2001 to July 2002. Altogether 41 healthy adult SD rats of either gender, weighting 250 g - 300 g, were selected.INTERVENTIONS: The focal ischemia model was made by blocking middle cerebral artery(MCA) and reperfusing for 0.5 hour, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, 5 days and 10 days. Sham-operation group was treated by the same method, but the filament was not long enough to block MCA, and normal rats served as control group. The rats were sacrificed at given time points, and their brains were made into cerebral slices. The single-and double-labeled immunohistochemical staining was employed to detect the proliferation, distribution and differentiation of intrinsic neural stem cells.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The distribution, proliferation and differentiation of intrinsic neural stem cells.RESULTS: Immunoreactivity of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)was present in most ependymal cells in ventricular zone(VZ), and PCNA-positive cells were sparsely distributed in the parenchyma in normal and sham-operation groups. At 3 hours of reperfusion, PCNA-labeled cells were first detected in rostral subventricular zone. At 12 hours of reperfusion and onward, PCNA-positive cells appeared in some choroid plexus cells in bilateral lateral VZ. At day 3 to day 10 of reperfusion, PCNA-labeled cells significantly increased in infarct boundary in preoptic area, striatum and deep layer of frontoparietal cortex. PCNA-labeled cells were first detected in subgranular zone of dentate gyrus 3 days after reperfusion, and increased with time. A very small number of double-positive cells expressed with PCNA and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) were first detected in infract boundary in preoptic area on day 3 and onward. No double-PCNA and NF-positive cells were detected within 10 days of reperfusion.CONCLUSION: Focal cerebral ischemia activates intrinsic neural stem cells, which proliferate and differentiate, and migrate toward ischemic striatum and frontoparietal cortex. This may help clarify the mechanism of functional recovery after ischemia.

Objective According to the special changes of ECG in hyperkalemia animals, explore a method to reproduce a rabbits model for hyperkalemia. Methods Three programs were applied by intravenous drip of 3%KCl to reproduce the hyperkalemia model. In the first program,once the wide and deformed QRS complex occurred, the potassium drip should be stopped immediately. In the second program,the wide and deformed QRS complex was kept for 30 min by adjusting the speed of potassium infusion. In the third program, once low and flat P wave and peaked T wave appeared, immediately adjusted the speed of potassium infusion in order to keep for 30 min. And HR, BP, urine output and serum potassium were monitored simultaneously. Hyperkalemia is defined as serum potassium≥5.1 mol/L. The successful hyperkalemia model should keep serum potassium≥5.1 mol/L after ceasing potassium given 30 min. Results The second and third programs could reproduce a hyperkalemia model successfully. The serum potassium returned to normal within 30 min after stopping potassium given in the first program. Conclusion The method which keep low and flat P wave and peaked T wave for 30 min and keep the wide and deformed QRS complex 30 min could reproduce the hyperkalemia model successfully.

AIM: To study the effects of insulin and glucose on tissue-type plamingen activator (tPA) and its inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) secretion in cultured human endothelial cells. METHODS: Human endothelial cell line ECV-304 was cultured with glucose and/or insulin at different concentrations with or without hypoxic exposure. RESULTS: The tPA, PAI-1 secretion and ratio of tPA/PAI-1 increased in endothelial cells during hypoxia. Insulin and glucose increased the tPA and PAI-1 secretion in endothelial cells exposed to hypoxia, and increase in tPA/PAI-1 ratio was also observed at 4 h and 8 h. CONCLUSION: Hypoxia stimulates the release of tPA and PAI-1. Insulin and glucose also stimulate the tPA and PAI-1 secretion during hypoxia.

Objective To explore the morbidity and risk factors of postoperative delirium in the patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods A total of 286 patients were continuously enrolled for CABG surgery from January to December 2013 in cardiac surgery ward in Beijing Anzhen Hospital.Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 was used as the diagnostic tool for the analysis of the morbidity and risk factors of postoperative delirium.Results (1) Delirium occurred in 24 patients of 286 patients and morbidity of postoperative delirium was 8.4％.Sixteen of 24 patients (66.7％) suffered from transient delirium (＜24 h).Eight of 24 patients (33.3％) suffered from continuous delirium (≥48 h).(2) The common clinical presentation of postoperative delirium included increased psychomotor activity, a disordered sleep-wake cycle and a reduced level of consciousness.(3) Univariate Logistic regression analysis results showed that delirium was associated with advanced age over 70 years old (OR =3.05, 95％ CI 2.55-72.94, P =0.023), previous cerebral infarction(OR =1.78, 95％ CI 1.07-2.96, P =0.026), previous brain heamorrhage (OR =1.99, 95 ％ CI 1.20-3.31, P =0.003), surgery time (OR =1.05, 95％ CI0.05-2.04, P =0.047), intensive care unit (ICU) staying time (OR =2.87, 95％ CI 1.43-5.72, P=0.003), use offentanyl (OR=2.78, 95％ CI 1.02-7.57, P=0.045).(4) The multiple Logistic stepwise regression analysis indicated that the perioperative risk factors of delirium included advanced age over 70 years old (OR =3.196, 95％ CI 1.574-6.488, P =0.001), cerebrovascular accident history(OR =2.610, 95％ CI 1.538-4.431, P =0.000) and ICU duration time(OR =1.480, 95 ％ CI 1.070-2.046, P =0.018).Conclusions The morbidity of postoperative delirium after CABG is 8.4％.Many predisposing and precipitating factors contribute to postoperative delirium.These factors include age ＞ 70 years, cerebral infarction and ICU staying time.Assessment and preventive strategies should be considered to reduce the incidence of delirium, particularly among those patients with high risks.