Objective To study the effect of chemically synthesized Nogo-66 receptor ( NgR ) specific small interfering RNA ( siRNA) on nerve regeneration and function of newborn rats after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage ( HIBD) . Methods A total of 50 HIBD newborn rats were set up. They were randomly assigned OR allocated into siNgR group ( n=20 ) , normal saline ( NS ) group ( n=20 ) and HIBD group ( n=10 ) . The rats of siNgR group were given intraventricular injection of siNgR and transfection reagents ( 10μl ); the rats of NS group were given intraventricular injection of NS and transfection reagents (10μl);and the rats of HIBD group had no intervention. In addition to these three groups, there is another group, sham-operated group ( n=10 ) . The rats of sham-operated group were sham-operated ( common carotid artery was isolated but not ligated) and did not receive hypoxia-ischemia processing and intraventricular injection. Utilize water maze experiment to analyze the rats' escape time. The levels of NgR and GAP-43 protein in rats' brains were measured by immunohistochemistry and image analysis. Results RT-PCR gel electrophoresis results showed that the NgR cDNA stripe of siNgR group was not obvious, but the stripe of NS group was clear. At the same time, the GAPHD cDNA bands of the above two groups were both clear. There were more NgR positive immune reaction products ( brown particles) in NS group than in siNgR group. The number of GAP-43 positive cells by immunohistochemistry in sham-operated group, HIBD group, NS group and siNgR group was (33. 24±1. 32), (20. 14±1. 24), (18. 73±1. 41) and (28. 06±1. 78), respectively. The number of sham-operated group and siNgR group was greater than HIBD group and NS group ( P＜0. 05 ) . There was no statistical significant difference for the number of GAP-43 positive cells between sham-operated group and siNgR group ( P＞0. 05 ) . Water maze experiment results showed that the newborn rats ' average escape time ( s ) of HIBD group ( 58. 1 ± 10. 3,47. 2±10. 1, 42. 5±7. 6) was obviously longer than sham-operated group (34. 2±5. 6, 25. 7±6. 2, 21. 2±8. 1), and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0. 05). However, the average escape time of siNgR group (37. 5±9. 8, 29. 1±9. 8, 27. 2±9. 3) was obviously shorter than HIBD group and NS group (60. 7±5. 2, 49. 1±9. 9, 45. 3±9. 3), (P＜0. 05). Conclusions Chemically synthesized specific siRNA had the potential to interference the expression of NgR in the brain of newborn rats, and to a certain extent, could promote the nerve regeneration and neural functional recovery of rats.

Objective To study the effect of exercises plus active vitamin D on the bone mass of the elderly osteoporosis patients. Methods Eighty nine cases of elderly osteoporosis were divided into 2 groups at random, with 45 cases in Group A (control group) and 44 in Group B (treatment group). Every patients in these two groups takes 600mg calcium and 0.25?g ? D 3 daily. At the same time, Group B conducts regular exercises. Results After the simple ? D 3 treatment, the lumbar BMD increased significantly and the level of osseous formation index BGP increased, but the osseous absorption index PYD/Cr did not change significantly. However, after the combined treatment with ? D 3 and exercise, the BMD at both the lumbar vertebra and the hip increased significantly, the level of osseous formation index BGP increased greatly and the osseous absorption index PYD/Cr decreased. Conclusion ? D 3 treatment is more favorable for aged osteoporosis patients in stimulating osseous formation than in inhibiting osseous absorption, and it is advantageous in increasing the bone mass of the lumbar vertebra. The ? D 3 treatment combined with aerobic exercise is helpful not only in increasing the bone mass of the lumbar vertebra and the hip in the elderly patients with osteoporosis, but also in stimulating osseous formation and inhibiting the osseous absorption.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and efficiency of monitoring noninvasive respiratory effort and respiratory load-capacity ratio in patients undergoing weaning from mechanical ventilation by mean inspiratory pressure(Pi) which were calculated on the basis of the formula, Pi = 5 × P 0.1 × Ti, as well as the noninvasire tension index calculated from Pi(TTIi). Method Totally 12 patients undergoing weaning from mechanical ventilation were enrolled in the study and their underlying diseases included COPD( n = 9), ARDS( n = 2) and status asthmaticus(n = 1) respectively. Esophageal pressure(PesoM) was monitored via the insertion of esophageal balloon and corrected esophageal pressure(Peso) was acquired by subtracting elastic pressure of chest wall from PesoM. P 0.1, Maximal inspiratory pressure on esophageal pressure curve(MIPeso) and on airway pressure curve(MIPaw) was measured with conventional technique. Pi was calculated on Pi = 5 × P 0.1 × Ti. Pi and MIPaw were used to calculate the noninvasive tension-time index TTIi, whereas Peso and MIPeso were used to calculate the invasive counterpart TTIeso. Comparisons, Correlation and Bland-Altman agreement analysis were made between P0.1 and Peso as well as between TIIi and TTIeso. Results There were no significant differences between Pi and Peso as well as between TTIi and TTIeso(P > 0.05) ,and the correlation coefficients were 0.974 and 0.957 respectively. In the agreement analysis, the mean difference between Pi and Peso, and between TTIi and TTIeso were lower than the minimal values of(Peso + PiSB )/2 and of(TIIi + TTIeso)/2, respectively. Conclusions There is a good correlation between Pi and Peso as well as between TTIi and TTIeso, in which Pi is calculated calculated from P 0.1 and in turn the TTIi is calculated from Pi. The noninvasive indices including Pi and TTIi can be used to monitor respiratory effort and respiratory load-capacity in patients undergoing weaning from mechanical ventilation.

Humans ; Indocyanine Green ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Failure

Objective To investigate the value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in differential diagnosis of pancreatic pseudocysts,cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas,so as to improve diagnostic accuracy of the condition.Methods The results of CEUS and conventional ultrasound for 71 patients with pancreatic cystic lesions were analyzed retrospectively,and compared with the finally obtained surgical-pathological examination to assess the ability of qualitative diagnosis between two methods.Results In 71 pancreatic cystic lesions,there were 32 pancreatic pseudocysts,24 cystadenomas and 15 cystadenocarcinomas.The sensitivity and accuracy of CEUS for pancreatic pseudocysts and cystadenocarcinomas were 84.4％,93.0％ and 86.7％,88.7％,which were higher than those of conventional ultrasound 56.3 ％,80.3 ％ and 53.3 ％,74.6％ (x2 =6.06,4.92,3.97,4.71,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion There are some similarities in terms of imaging manifestations among pancreatic pseudocysts,cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas.Combining conventional ultrasound with CEUS can help the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions.

Objective To analyze the expression of serum anti M phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R)antibody in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN),and to investigate its value in the diagnosis and evaluation of idiopathic membranous ne-phropathy.Methods One hundred and eighteen patients with biopsy-proved glomerular diseases were involved in this study, including 97 cases with IMN,21 cases with IgA nephropathy (IgAN)and 19 healthy people.ELISA was used to detect ser-um anti-PLA2R antibodies.Correlations of anti-PLA2R antibody level with laboratory parameters,including serum albumin, 24-hour urine protein of IMN patients were evaluated.Results The median of anti PLA2R antibody in IMN group,IgAN group and healthy group was 45.2(3.6~705.9)RU/ml,5.9(2.3~10.6)RU/ml and 1.2(0.6~9.3)RU/ml.The levels of serum anti PLA2R antibody in IMN group were higher than those in IgA nephropathy group and healthy control group.The difference was statistically significant (t=-5.027,-3.077;P=0.05).Among 97 cases with IMN,76 cases showed posi-tive anti-PLA2R antibodies (positive rate 78.35%).There was none patient showed positive anti-PLA2R antibody respec-tively in IgAN and healthy people.Furthermore,anti-PLA2R antibody level was negatively correlated with serum albumin (r=-0.453,P=0.000)and positively correlated with CREA,TC,ESR,24 hour urine protein (r=0.233,0.234,0.363, 0.586;P=0.004,0.217,0.021,0.000)in IMN patients.Conclusion Serum anti PLA2R antibody may be used as a IMN specific marker for the diagnosis of IMN,and it has important reference value for evaluating the severity of IMN.

Objective To evaluate the usefulness of MRCP in the diagnosis of Lemmel's syndrome.Methods 49 patients with periampullary diverliculum(PAD) were examined by MRCP.The clinical manifestations and imaging signs were analyzed,the detecting rate of PAD by MRCP,the anatomic relationship between pancreaticobiliary tract system and PAD were evaluated.Results Of 49 patients,47 PAD were showed on MRCP,in which 34 PAD located above the papilla,7 located below papilla,4 located in the neck edge of diverticula,and 2 were intradiverticular papilla.Conclusion MRCP as a newly developed and noninvasive imaging technique can improve the diagnosis of Lemmel's syndrome and will play an important role in the future.

Aim To investigate the effects of glycyrrhizin on the proliferation of ASMC stimulated by fetal calf or histamine in rats. Methods Cell culture of rat ASMC, MTT assay, flow cytometry and cell growth counts were used in this study. Results ①In the culture medium containing 100g?L -1 fetal calf serum, Glycyrrhizin at low concentration(6?10 -5 mol?L -1 ) stimulated the increase of A 570 in ASMC. This effect descended with increasing glycyrrhizin concentration and changed to be inhibitory at high concentration (from 384?10 -5 mol?L -1 to 1 536 ?10 -5 mol?L -1 ). In the culture medium containing 10 -2 mol?L -1 histamine, Glycyrrhizin at both low and high concentration inhibited the increase of A 570 in ASMC. ②In the culture medium containing 100 g?L -1 fetal calf, Glycyrrhizin at low concentration(6?10 -5 mol?L -1 ) stimulated the proliferation of ASMC. This effect descended with increasing glycyrrhizin concentration and changed to be inhibitory at high concentration (from 384?10 -5 mol?L -1 to 1 536 ?10 -5 mol?L -1 ). In the culture medium containing 1 g?L -1 histamine, Glycyrrhizin at both low and high concentration inhibited the proliferation of ASMC. ③In the culture medium containing 100 g?L -1 fetal calf or 10 -2 mol?L -1 histamine, with increasing glycyrrhizin concentration, the cell count in G 1 phase increase, the cell count in G 2 and M phase decrease. Conclusion ①Glycyrrhizin accelerated the proliferation of ASMC stimulated by fetal calf at low concentration, inhibited the proliferation at high concentration. ②Glycyrrhizin inhibited the proliferation of ASMC stimulated by histamine at both low concentration and high concentration.

Objective To investigate the effects of endogenous estrogen on blood glucose level,serum insulin level,and plasma total antioxidant capacity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic female mice,and to explore possible protective effects of estrogen on pancreatic islet cells.Methods Female mice were randomly according to body weight divided into four groups:( 1 ) Sham( Sham operation and vehicle administration) ; ( 2 ) Ovx( ovariectomy and vebicle administration ) ; ( 3 ) Sham + STZ ( Sham operation and STZ administration ) ; and ( 4 ) Ovx + STZ ( ovariectomy and STZ administration).The diabetic mice were induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ,50 mg/kg ).Blood glucose levels were measured once a week.Results The blood glucose level and malondialdehyde of Ovx group were higher than that in Sham group,while total anti-oxidant capacity ( T-AOC ) was lower than those in Sham group.the blood glucose level and MDA of Ovx+ STZ group were higher than those in Sham +STZ group,while T-AOC and serum insulin level were lower than those in Sham + STZ group.Conclusions Endogenous estrogen may have some protective effects on pancreatic islet function from streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in female mice.

AIM: To discuss the effects of phytoestrogenic-genistein on cathepsin K (CK) expression stimulated by interleukin-1α (IL-1α) in osteoclast-like cells (OCLs) . METHODS: The OCLs were isolated from tissue of human giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) . The cells treated with reagents were divided into 7 groups including control (treated with phenol red-free-DMEM), vehicle (treated with 1.2 nmol· L-1 IL- 1α), 10-10-10-6genistein, genistein+ ICI 182.780, and 17[β-estrodiol (17β-E2) group. The cells were treated with 1.2 nmol· L-1IL-1α after pre-treated with genistein or 17β-E2 for 48 h (excluded the control group) . Expression of CK wasdetermined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot in OCLs stimulated by IL-1α in the presence of genistein or 17[β-E2. RESULTS: The obvious increase of expression of CK by IL1α in vehicle group was noted in comparing with control group (P ＜ 0.01 ) . Genistein down-regulated CK gene expression stimulated by IL-1α at the transcription level in a dose-dependent manner (r = 0.68, P ＜ 0.01 ) .Genistein down-regulated CK protein expression stimulated by IL-1α also in a dose-dependent manner (r = 0.61,P ＜ 0.01 ). The effects of genistein were abrogated partly after treatment with the estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182.780. CONCLUSION: Genistein inhibits CK expression stimulated by IL-1α partly through estrogen receptor in OCLs.