This restrospective case included 40 patients(79eyes)who underwent implantable collamer lens or toric implantable collamer lens implacement. Uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities, refractions, posterior chamber intraocular lens vault,intraocular pressure,endothelial cell loss,cylinder axis of the toric intraocular lens were evaluated for moderate to high myopia and astigmatism. 2 years or above after operation mean uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities were 0.830±0.269 and 0.980±0.241 respectively. The mean spherical equiva-lent was ( -0.66±1.08) D postoperatively. 29 eyes had implanted toric intraocular lens, which 24 eyes were un-der 15 degrees of the intended axis, 1 eye was under 30 degrees of the intended axis and 4 eyes were above 30 de-grees of the intended axis. The mean intraocular pressure was(1.76±0.41)kPa. The endothelial cell density loss was 11.18%. The mean vaults at 6 months and 2 years or above were (0.510±0.141)mm and (0.442±0.117) mm respectively. A statistically significant difference was found ( P <0.05 ) . Two sets of data were in the normal range. Phakic posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation appears safe and effective,which provides long-term predictable,stable refractive results.

Medical English is an indispensible tool subject for medical students.However,the limited in-class teaching hours fail to provide adequate opportunities for students to participate in a diversity of subject-based tasks to practice medical English.Therefore,extracurricular activities serve as a complement to in-class teaching.Moreover,the features of extracurricular activities conform to those of Content-based instruction ( CBI),a teaching mode adopted in the teaching of ESP ( English for special purposes).The specific forms of extracurricular activities can be designed based on need analysis to cultivate the students' language competence in communicating biomedicine in Medical English.

The language of English medical papers should be accurate, precise, clear and objective. Unfamiliar with these features and influenced by mother tongue, Chinese authors are prone to use unnecessary words, subjective expressions and long and confusing sentences, etc. To avoid those mistakes, they are suggested to practice a lot, keep a good reading habit and equip themselves with necessary searching skills, etc.

Objective To evaluate the penumbra of a new multileaf collimator equipped with Elekta Synergy accelerator. Methods The penumbra were derived from beam profiles measured in air and water using PinPoint ion chamber with PTW MP3 water phantom. Variations of penumbra with X-ray beam energy, depth in water, and leaf position were investigated. Results The penumbra in air for 6 MV X-ray was 2 mm less than that at depth of maximal dose in water. The penumbra of leaf side was 1 mm less than that of the leaf end. The penumbra had close relationship with beam energy, depth in water and leaf position. Penumbra was increased with beam quality and water depth. The leaf position had great influence on the penumbra. Conclusions The penumbra of the multileaf collimator is related to its original design and radiation delivery technique. Special considerations should be taken into during treatment planning.Regular measurement should be performed to guarantee the delivery quality.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the research ability,explore the reasons and point out the direction to improve the research ability of nurses in our hospital.Methods 375 cases of nurses in clinical work in our hospital were chosen with random sampling method to investigate the research ability.Results The variability of research ability score of nurses under investigation was comparatively large.The minimum of scores was 10,the maximum was 113 and the average score was 55.34±25.01.Various scores were all relatively low.The general trend is that the higher the academic and professional titles,the better the research ability.The various scores were independent of administrative rank.Conclusion General research ability of nurses in our hospital was relatively weak.It is necessary to train nurses in our hospital,especially those with lower academic and professional titles to improve the general research ability.

AIM To study the effects of doses of cyclophosphamide(CP) on bone histomorphometry in rats,and evaluted the rat model of osteoporosis after cyclophosphamide administration. METHOD CP at doses of 1 5, 4 5 and 13 5 mg?kg -1 were given to the rats orally everyday for 15 days respectively.in addition, soldium chloride used as control group. At the end of 15 days, the right distal femur were processed to undecalcified sections at 4um and 8 ?m for histomorphometric analysis. RESULT Trabecullar bone mass at doses of 4 5 and 13 5 mg?kg -1 CP reduced markedly, While dose of 1 5 mg?kg -1 CP has no influence on trabecullar bone mass.CONCLUSION Cyclophosphamide has stronger influences on bone tissue and structure in rats. It can be used to make the rat model of osteoporosis.

AIM: To investigate timed changes of bone histomorphometry parameters in normal rats of different months and to provide a control prove for research of drugs of antiosteoporosis. METHODS: Thirty two female rats at aged 4.5 months were divided by their weight ( 256.3 ? 25.3 g). Tetracycline derivates and calcein were subcutaneous injected to each rat on two separate occasions where labeled the sites of bone formation. All rats were sacrificed at 0, 30, 75 and 140 days. The undecalcified longitudinal proximal tibial metaphyseal sections were cut and stained for quantitative bone histomorphometriy. RESULTS: The cancellous bone mass increased slowly and then decreased, but there were no significant differences between 4.5 and 10 months. Bone mass kept relatively stable. Both bone formation and bone resorption increased first and then decreased, but there was a significant difference between 4.5 and 10 months, and bone turnover kept stable. CONCLUSION: The body weight and the bone mass parameters keep relatively stable in SD rats during the 4.5 to 10 months, and these rats can be selected as the models for the study of the drugs of antiosteoporosis.

As a new interdisciplinary course, the current paper writing course for medical postgraduates exhibits certaln disadvantages. For example, the course does not well target the learners' needs because of the absence of the needs analysis before class;English or biomedical teachers fall to combine English with medicine, thus unable to provide ideal courses. As textbooks are an important means to improve the quality of the course, one way to reform the course is to compile high-quality textbooks by interdisciplinary talents. Meanwhile, the compiling process should be guided by needs analysis as well as the teaching and editing experiences. In addition, the textbooks need to be con-tinuously improved in teaching practice.

Objective To explore appropriate management of cancer report for general hospital and analyze the effect.Methods Based on the requirements of cancer report for general hospital that formulated by the health administrative departments,we set the rule and process of malignancy report.We clear the responsibilities of reporting and the management,strengthen the training of malignancies report,make regular supervision and evaluation,and gradually use information live system to monitor malignancies report.Results In 2006-2010,the number of reports of malignancy in our general hospital has a upward trend.The false negative rate and delaying rate decreased year by year.The pass rate of the report card increased year by year,and the difference was statistically significant (＜0.05).With the increase of the rate of training for malignancies report,rate of timely report increased significantly.Conclusion General hospitals should use their own conditions to the development of scientific and operational report management systems and processes for malignancies.Attention should be paid to the combine of training and management and the gradual standardizing of the malignancies reporting.