Research on the relationship between obesity and breast cancer has been deepened in recent years.Obese breast cancer patients have poorer prognosis than normal-weight patients.Weight variation is correlated with relapse in breast cancer survivors.The role of adipokines in this process can not be ignored.The correlations between adipokines,estrogen,cell proliferation,angiogenesis and breast cancer prognosis are reviewed in this article.

Objective To investigate the risks and anesthetic management of scar uterus undergoing cesarean section.MethodsOne hundred pregnant women(aged 24-43 years old)with scar uterus underwent cesarean section.Epidural anesthesia was used in 90 cases(group A)and general anesthesia in 10 cases(group B).The monitorings included ECG,BP,HR and SpO_2.CVP was measured in the high risk cases.The time from skin incision tO neonatal delivery(I-D).the time from uterine incision to delivery(U-D),and Apgar scores of neonates were recorded.Results Incomplete blockade was seen in 20 cases(22％).The I-D time was shorter in group B than that in group A[(7.5±2.0)min vs.(12.3±2.6)min](P<0.01).Intraoperative hypotension occurred in 32 cases (32％).Neonatal asphyxia happened in 21 cases(21%).Apgar scores of 11 neonatals werc less than 3,of whom 5 neonates died.Apgar scores were 4 to 7 in 10 cases,8 to 10 in 79 cases.Subtotal uterectomy was performed in 2 cases.Repair of injuried bladder had to be done in one case.Intraoperative huge bleeding took place in 15 cases.Conclusion The scar uterus undergoing cesarean section has a high risk for mothers and neonates.The incidence of incomplete epidural blockade is higher.Effectively preventing and managing the risk factors are the keys for reducing maternal and neonatal complications and mortality.

AIM: To study the effectiveness of urapidil and nitroglycerine on controlling the cardiovascular responses to tracheal intubation/extubation in patients with essential hypertension. METHODS: 45 patients with essential hypertension undergoing general anesthesia were divided randomly into control (C, without depressor, n=15), urapidil (U, 0.5 mg?kg -1 , n=15), and nitroglycerine (N, 1 ?g?kg -1 , n=15) groups. The SBP, DBP, MAP, HR and RPP were measured during intubation and extubation and at the induction of anesthesia and the end of operation respectively. RESULTS: The SBP, DBP, MAP, HR and RPP increased markedly (P

The process of late lung development is disturbed in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).One of the keys in late lung development is secondary septation, in which secondary septa arise from primary septa, producing plenty of small alveoli, which significantly increase the surface area of gas exchange.Secondary septation,together with architectural changes to the vascular structure of the lung which minimize the distance between the blood and the inspired air, are the targets of late lung development.BPD is a disease of premature infants in which development of the alveoli is stunted caused by many factors including volutrauma,inflammation,and oxygen toxicity.Compared with early lung development, the later development of the immature lung remains unclear.This paper is to emphasize remarkable latest research of arrested late lung development and BPD.

Objective To study the clinical effect of escitalopram oxalate in treating patients with depression accompanied with anxiety disorder.Methods Sixty-four patients with depression accompanied with anxiety disorder (met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria)were randomly divided into study group (n =32)who were treated with escitalo-pram oxalate 5-20mg/d and control group (n =32)with mirtazapine 15-45 for eight weeks.Clinical effect was evalua-ted with the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD)and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA)as well as the adverse reactions with the Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS).Results There were no statistically significant differ-ences (P >0.05)in HAMD and HAMA scores between the study group and control group before treatment,but after treatment for 8 weeks,HAMD score showed statistically significant difference (P =0.000)and the difference of HAMA score was statistically significant (P =0.010).The total effective rate of the study group was 93.8%,which of the control group was 87.5%,the clinical effect had no statistically significant difference (P =0.391 ).The study group and the control group had equal effect,and there were no serious adverse reactions.Conclusion Escitalopram oxalate has high anti-depressant and anxiolytic effect,fewer adverse reactions,good tolerability and compliance,there-fore,escitalopram oxalate can be popularized in treating patients with depression accompanied with anxiety disorder.

0.05).SF-36 data revealed significant postoperative improvement(P0.05).Main complications included deep infection in one case,deterioration of spondylolisthesis in two cases,conjunctional stenosis in one case,and broken pedicle screws in two cases.Six patients received revision surgery.[Conclusion]Surgical treatment of DLSS may result in satisfactory outcome.Transpedicular screw fixation may not improve the clinical outcomes and posterior instrumentation should be adopted cautiously and properly.

Immune checkpoint is one of the most effective research targets for tumor immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, mainly programmed death receptor 1 and its ligand 1, have achieved good response rates in various tumor treatments, but some tumors still have low response rates. In recent years, bispecific antibodies have developed rapidly in the field of tumor research, because they can target multiple targets and play a combined role in tumor therapy, and can effectively inhibit tumor immune escape. This article reviews the research progress and clinical status of bispecific antibodies targeting immune checkpoints.

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; therapy ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; therapy ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; metabolism

BACKGROUND: The presence of various microorganisms in dental unit waterlines has been revealed by numerous reports previously. However, impact of different dental procedures on microbial contamination in dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) remains unclearly.OBJECTIVE: To assess the level of microbial contamination in water effluent from the high-speed handpiece line of dental chair units (DCUs) among different specialty departments in a provincial stomatological hospital. Thus, to propose individual infection control measures for different specialty departments according to their properties of microbial contamination.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A cross-sectional investigation was designed and conducted in Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital and Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, between May 2007 and March 2008.MATERIALS: The materials used in this investigation including nutrient agar, blood plates, biochemical testing kit, agglutination testing kit and Gram staining agents. These materials were purchased from Guangdong Huankai Microbial Science and Technology Co., Ltd.METHODS: Water sampling was conducted at 80 DCUs of different specialty departments in Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital. A total of 60 mL, with 6 mL for once sampling of water effluent from the high-speed handpiece line of each DCU were collected aseptically after the finish of the daily clinical work on every second Friday between May and October in 2007. Standard isolation and identification technique of bacteria was adopted.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Concentration of bacteria and prevalence of 3 species of bacteria in water effluent from the high-speed handpiece line of DCUs among different specialty departments were evaluated.RESULTS: Concentration of bacteria in water effluent from the high-speed handpiece line of DCUs averaged 5.67×10~2 cfu/mL, ranged from 5.15×10 to 1.59×10~3 cfu/mL. The microbial concentration of water samples from Department of Periodontics was significantly higher than that from other departments, while the microbial concentration of water samples from Department of Oral Surgery was the lowest (P = 0.000).CONCLUSION: Contamination in water effluent from the high-speed handpiece line of DCUs varied from different specialty departments in the provincial stomatological hospital. It is suggested that DUWLs flushing should be performed routinely, especially for the department without frequent use of the high-speed handpiece in the daily work, and extra infection control measures should be adopted for the department with severe clinical operative contamination.

BACKGROUND:Daily flushing of dental unit waterlines (DUWLs) is believed to be the least expensive and simplest method for reducing the level of microbial contamination in DUWLs.Authorities' guidelines suggest that high-speed handpieces should be run to discharge water for 30 seconds after use on each patient.However,the guideline is inaccurate for clinicians according to the time-dependent flushing since the maximum flow rate of flushing water varied from dental chair units (DCUs).OBJECTIVE:To assess the level of microbial contamination in water effluent from the air-water syringe and the high-speed handpiece line of DCUs and prevalence of three species of bacteria detected in DUWLs at each flushing volume.Thus,practical water flushing measures could be proposed according to the effect of volume-dependent dental unit waterline flushing on the microbial contamination in DUWLs.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A cross-sectional investigation was designed and conducted in Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital and Laboratory of Microbiology,School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine,Southern Medical University between May 2007 and March 2008.MATERIALS:The materials used in this investigation including nutrient agar,blood plates,biochemical testing kit,agglutination testing kit and Gram staining agents.These materials were supported by Guangdong Huankai Microbiological Science and Technology Ltd.METHODS:Water sampling was conducted at 80 DCUs in a stomatologicel hospital.A total of 6 mL,2 mL for once sampling,of continuous water flushing from the air-water syringe and the high-speed handpiece line of each DCU respectively were collected aseptically after the finish of the daily clinical work on every second Friday,between May 2007 and October 2007.Standard isolation and identification technique of bacteria was adopted.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Concentration of bacteria and prevalence of three species of bacteria in water effluent from the air-water syringe and the high-speed handpiece line of DCUs at each flushing volume were evaluated.RESULTS:The median concentration of bacteria in water effluent from either the air-water syringe or the high-speed handpiece line of DCUs was 5.67×10~2 cfu/mL,and there were no statistical differences among microbial concentrations of first three 2-mL flushing water samples (P>0.05).Prevalence of Staphylococcus spp.from the third 2-mL flushing water sample demonstrated an obviously higher level than that of Staphylococcus spp.from the first two 2-mL (P < 0.05),while prevalence of Streptococcus spp.and Actinomycete spp.kept at a relative stable level (P > 0.05) at each flushing volume.CONCLUSION:Volume-dependent water flushing procedure stays a more practical measure for reducing microbial contamination in DUWLs rather than time-dependent flushing,but the volume of flushing water needs to be further evaluated.