OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of antibiotics in the inpatients of three second-level hospitals in order to provide reference for rational use of antibiotics. METHODS: By means of retrospective study, the application of antibiotics in three second-level hospitals from Jan. to Jun. in 2008 was analyzed statistically. RESULTS: The ratio of patients using antibiotics was 67.95%. Many inappropriate phenomena still existed in application of antibiotics, such as unclear medication indications, irrational choice of drug, excessive dosage, irrational times of administration, unreasonable drug combinations, etc. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to strengthen the management of antibiotics in order to promote rational use of antibiotics.

Objective:To inhibit GR expression in macrophage RAW264.7 cells of mouse by RNAi and Cre-loxP system.Methods:Two pairs of RNAi target sequence against GR gene were designed and inserted into pBS/U6-Neo vehicle.Recombinant plasmid constructed by Cre-loxP system and RNAi was identified by PCR and sequencing.The recombinant plasmid and Cre-ERT2 plasmid was transfected into the mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells,in which GR expression was measured on mRNA and protein level respectively by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results:GR expression on mRNA and protein level was significantly inhibited by the two recombinant plasmid against GR gene.Conclusion:Combination using of RNAi and Cre-loxP system could inhabit GR expression in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells.

Objective To obtain excellent cultivars of Salvia miltiorrhiza cultivated in Jiangsu Province by selective breeding and provide some basic reference for systemic breeding.Methods Tanshinones(tanzhinone Ⅱ_A and cryptotanshinone) and salvianolic acids(salvianolic acid A and B) in the roots of the four cultivars of S.miltiorrhiza were determined by HPLC.The total tanshinones and salvianolic acids were determined by spectrophotometry.Biomasses of four cultivars and correlative analysis between biomasses and effective components were analyzed with Excel and SPSS software.Results Accumulating of biomasses of the four cultivars was coincident incompletely.Contents of total tanshinone,tanshinone Ⅱ_A,cryptotanshinone,salvianolic acid B,danshensu,and total salviandic acids were different.Correlative analysis showed that the relativity between biomasses and contents of effective components of four cultivars were negative correlative.Relativity among liposoluble components was distinct.Correlation coefficients between tanshinone Ⅱ_A and cryptotanshinone of four cultivars were 0.943(ZY),0.942(DY),(0.715)(XY),and 0.960(ZC),respectively.Correlation coefficients between salvialic acid A and B of four cultivars were 0.766(ZY),0.416(DY),0.841(XY),and 0.618(ZC),respectively.But the relativity between hydrosoluble and liposoluble components was not obvious.Accumulating trends of liposoluble and hydrosoluble components were different.Conclusion Contents of total diterpenoids and tanshinon Ⅱ_A in little leaf cultivars are more than the contents of other three cultivars.The qualities of other three cultivars are better than the qualities of S. miltiorrhiza recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

To define the diagnostic thought on TCM syndrome in animal model of modern medicine disease.To diagnose "apparent syndrome" outside and "hidden syndrome" inside of TCM syndrome differentiation existed possibly in the model animal by multi-aspectual indexes such as observing the appearance of modeled animal,examining the laboratory indexes and morphology,disproving by prescription and medicine etc.It is an effective method of diagnosing TCM syndrome in animal model of modern medicine disease that using multi-aspect and multi-index diagnostic standard.

OBJECTIVE:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of levels of intracellular cholesterol and cholesterol esters in foam cells derived from RAW264.7 murine macrophages so as to obtain a precise measure of foam cells and provide a technical platform for the study of the intracellular cholesterol content change.METHODS:HPLC method was applied to determine the content of cholesterol esters in the foam cells treated with OX-LDL and different concentration of pravastatin.RESULTS:OX-LDL could significantly enhance cellular intake of lipids(P

Research on the relationship between obesity and breast cancer has been deepened in recent years.Obese breast cancer patients have poorer prognosis than normal-weight patients.Weight variation is correlated with relapse in breast cancer survivors.The role of adipokines in this process can not be ignored.The correlations between adipokines,estrogen,cell proliferation,angiogenesis and breast cancer prognosis are reviewed in this article.

Objective To understand the basic medical and health personnel's perception of fairness for pay for performance program .Methods This study used document analysis , expert consultation , pre-survey method to de-sign the questionnaire , and then was conducted on 367 medical and health personnel at the basic level in Zhejiang Prov-ince, analysis of variance , correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis .Results Only 0.13% of the basic medical and health personnel think pay for performance program is very fair;23.16%of people think pay for perform-ance program is fair;29.43%of people do not know whether pay for performance program is fair;34.06%of people think pay for performance program is not fair;11.99% of people think pay for performance program is very unfair . There were no significant differences between age , educational levels, working time, professional qualifications and po-sition(p>0.05).Staff in different areas of the perception of pay -for-performance fairness exists obvious difference (p<0.05).Conclusion Only a small portion of basic medical and health personnel think pay for performance pro -gram is fair, and it may directly affect the enthusiasm of staff , reduce the work quality and efficiency of basic medical and health personnel .It suggests that relevant departments should improve the pay for performance program .

Objective To summarize the clinical features and risk factors of children with post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PBO), who were treated with invasive mechanical ventilation because of severe pneumonia, and to provide clinical reference for early diagnosis, early treatment and improvement of prognosis of pediatric patients with PBO. Methods The pediatric patients treated with invasive mechanical ventilation because of severe pneumonia, who were hospitalized in PICU of Tianjin Children's Hospital from October 2010 to December 2015 were included in this study. The pediatric patients who were diagnosed with PBO were used as the observation group. The general characteristics, clinical presentation, treatment time, treatment results, distribution of pathogens and relevant laboratory examination results were analyzed by using SAS 9.3 statistical software. Results A total of 73 pediatric patients were included in this study, including 49 male and 24 female, and their mean age was 8 months (P25-P75:4-12), the minimum age was 1 month and the maximum age was 36 months. They were divided into PBO group (n=30) and control group (n=43). It was found that wheezing (27 cases, 90.0%), persistent cough (22 cases, 73.3%) and exercise intolerance (22 cases, 73.3%) were the main clinical symptoms in PBO group. Results of physical examination showed wheeze (24 cases, 80.0%) and crackles (21 cases, 70.0%). Mosaic perfusion (25 cases, 83.3%) was the most prominent sign in lung CT scan. More than 2/3 of the pediatric patients were found moderate and severe pulmonary dysfunction. Pathogen detection rate was 50%in PBO group, and virus was prevalent (respiratory syncytial virus 4 cases, influenza virus 1 case, measles virus 2 cases and adenovirus 4 cases). The results of Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that the risk factors included using corticosteroids at the beginning of disease (OR=8.515, 95%CI:1.948-37.224), prolonged mechanical ventilation (OR=1.116, 95%CI:1.031-1.327) and postponing clinic time (OR=1.114, 95%CI:1.010-1.227). Conclusion Once the severe pneumonia children, with the risk factors of using corticosteroids at the beginning of disease, prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation and postponing clinic time, are found the wheezing, persistent cough and exercise intolerance, and persisting wheeze and/or crackles, the PBO relevant examination should be executed as soon as possible to diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of a new model with emergency triage information system (ETIS) combined with pre-registration during the emergency process.Methods A total of 1 000 patients who applied the new model with ETIS combined with pre-registration from January to April 2016 were assigned as the observation group,while another 1 000 patients from January to April 2015 who applied the conventional model with triages were assigned as the control group.The used time of triage,used time of registration,collection conditions of vital signs,and accurate rate of triage were compared between these two groups.Meanwhile,mortality,rescue success rate,omission rate,excessive-detection rate,transferring surgical duration,as well as door-to-needle time (DNT) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) time in red region,were compared between these two groups.Results Subjects in the observation group had notably shorter used time of triage and registration,prominently higher accurate rate of triage,markedly better collection conditions of vital signs (P ＜ 0.01),obviously lower mortality,omission rate,excessive-detection rate,transferring surgical duration,DNT and PCI time (P ＜ 0.05),and significantly higher rescue success rate (P ＜ 0.01),compared with patients in the control group.Conclusions The application of the new model with ETIS combined with pre-registration has high clinical significance.It greatly optimizes the emergency process,significantly shortens patient's triage and registration time,promotes the accurate rate of triage,allows the rapid and complete collection of vital signs,and more importantly,it also improves the time for rescuing critical patients,tremendously raises the rescue success rate and reduces mortality.

The article expatiated on the process of rabbit respiration regulation and respiratory failure designing experiment.It can fully excitate students'potential and strengthen the teaching effects.It is very important for cultivating students'synthesis diathesis and abilities.