Objective To investigate the effect of competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist LY274614 [(?)-6-phosphonomethyl-decahydroisoquinolin-3-carboxylic acid] on the development of morphine tolerance and dependence.Methods Male Spraque-Dawley rats were rendered tolerant and dependent by subcutaneous injection of morphine(15mg/kg body weight) three times a day for 10 consecutive days. LY274614 (2, 4, 6 mg/kg body weight) was also given subcutaneously by subcutaneous injection. Antinociception was measured by tail-flick (TF) test. Tail was exposed to the heat source(a beam of high intensity light). The time from the beginning of exposure to removal of tail from the path of the heat source was taken as latency. The baseline TF latency without medication was 4-5 seconds. A ten-second maximum exposure to the heat source was used to minimize damage to tissue during the multiple measurements. Morphine prolonged TF latency. With the development of tolerance TF latency gradually returned to baseline value. Physical dependence on morphine was assessed by abstinence syndrome precipitated by subcutaneous injecting naloxone 10 mg/kg on the tenth day. According to method of Blasig, the number of jumping/30min after naloxone injection was recorded as an index pf abstinence syndrome. Rats were randomly divided into 8 groups (n=6-8). Each group received morphine 15 mg/kg or normal saline (NS) 1.5 ml/kg+LY274614 (2.0,4.0,6.0 mg/kg) or NS, group 1: morphine+NS; group 2: NS+NS; group 3:morphine+LY274614 (2mg/kg); group 4: NS+LY274614 (2mg/kg); group 5: morphine+LY274614 (4mg/kg); group 6: NS+LY274614 (4mg/kg); group 7: morphine+LY274614 (6mg/kg); group 4: NS+LY274614 (6mg/kg).Results LY274614 itself did not have analgesic action, but if used with morphine, it did inhibit the development of tolerance. In group 5 and 7 the decrease in TF latency was more gradual than that in morphine+saline group. 4 and 6 mg/kg LY274614 reduced the number of jumping/30min following naloxone injection.Conclusions LY274614 can inhibit morphine tolerance and dependence rendered by consecutive subcutaneous morphine injection.

Objective To know the feasibiliy and the effects of shorten preoperative fasting time for patients with digital cerebral angiography. Methods Divided 110 patients with digital cerebral angiogra-phy into the observation group and the control group according to their sequence enter the hospital. Routine fasting method was used in the control group, shorten fasting time was used in the observation group, com-pared the incidence rate of fasting-related complications between the two groups. Results The incidence rote of belly discomfort, thirstily, strvation and hypoglyeemic during the digital cerebral angiogrsphy in the con-trol group was significant higher than those of in the observation group, while there were no significant difference about the incidence rate of postoperative complication between the two groups. Conclusions For patients with digital cerebral angiography can shorten the preoperative fasting time properly, which can avoid certain complieaitons.

Objective To tudy the relationship of working family conflict and working pressure, symptom, working satisfaction, job burnout, and working achievement in Wanzhou district of Chongqing. Methods 1094 nurses were randomly surveyed in this study. Nursing woking family conflict scale, working pressure scale, symptom, working satisfaction scale, job burnout, and working achievement-related data were collected from clinical nursing units. Results High working family conflict had been ob-served in nurses of Wanzhou district of Chongqing. Nurses individual health had been greatly influenced by working family con-filct, which not influencing working achievement. Conclusions It is important to keep individual mental health through relieving job family conflict and taking more care for nurse population in family conflict.

Objective To study the effects of serum containing Psoralea on proliferation and melanogenesis in A375 human melanoma cells by serum pharmacological method. Method A375 human melanoma cells were cultured in vitro. Different concentrations of drug-contained serum were added to the culture medium during logarithmic growth phase. Melanocyte culture was determined by MTT and NaOH method. Results There was a significant difference between the control and the drug-contained serum test group on proliferation, and there was significant increase in 20% serum drug-contained serum on melanogenesis (P

Objective Based on the theory of preventive treatment and constitution regulation, to observe the clinical efficacy of point application for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods Seventy-nine qi deficiency or yang deficiency patients in stable COPD were randomized into a treatment group of 40 cases and a control group of 39 cases. The control group received conventional medication and the treatment group additionally received point application in canicular days or the three-nine days in winter. The frequency of catching cold, the situation of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD), constitution types and scores of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), pulmonary function [the level of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), the percentage of FEV1 in predicted value, FEV1’s ratio to forced vital capacity (FVC)], BODE index (body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea and exercise capacity index) and therapeutic effects were recorded in the two groups before and after the treatment. The correlation analysis was performed between the scores of constitution and the frequency of catching cold, AECOPD, syndrome scores of TCM, BODE index.Results The cold times, AECOPD attack times, times of hospitalization for AECOPD and syndrome scores of TCM were significantly changed in the treatment group after treatment (P<0.01,P<0.05). There were statistically significant changes in the cold times, AECOPD attack times, and syndrome scores of TCM in the two groups after treatment (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 85.7% in the treatment group versus 70.3% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The scores of the main abnormal constitution (qi deficiency or yang deficiency) and balanced constitution were significantly changed in the treatment group after treatment (P<0.01,P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of the main abnormal constitution and balanced constitution between the two groups after treatment (P<0.01,P<0.05). There were no statistically significant changes in each item of pulmonary function in the two groups after treatment (P>0.05). After the treatment, the change of the BODE score in the treatment group was significantly different from that in the control group (P<0.01). A significant positive correlation was found between the main abnormal constitution scores and the cold times, AECOPD attack times, times of hospitalization for AECOPD, syndrome scores of TCM in the treatment group after treatment (P<0.05,P<0.01). A significant negative correlation was found between the balanced constitution scores and the cold times, AECOPD attack times, times of hospitalization for AECOPD, syndrome scores of TCM in the treatment group after treatment (P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Point application is an effective method for stable COPD.

Objective To investigate health beliefs and fluid status in diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients, to explore the relation between fluid status and health beliefs in diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods The data were collected from the peritoneal dialysis center in Ningxia Medical University General Hospital from January 2014 through January 2015. A total of 64 diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients were recruited and investigated with health beliefs scale, fluid status and laboratory index, the influencing factors were analyzed with Logistic regression. Results Levels of perceived barriers in diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients was the lowest. The score of perceived barriers, levels of albumin and daily water intake in pedal edema diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients were 35.34±10.31, (29.90±4.51) g/L,(860.34±516.71) ml/d, and the results in the non-pedal edema patients were 31.67±12.47, (32.72±6.87) g/L, (872.22±271.85) ml/d, the difference was significant (t=-1.99,2.09,-3.07, P<0.05 or 0.01). Perceived barriers in diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients was positively correlated with edematous level (r=0.16,P<0.05) and perceived capacity balancing was negatively correlated with edematous level (r=-0.25,P<0.05). Regression analysis showed that marital status,dialysis age,daily water intake and perceived barriers were the main factors influencing fluid control in diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients. Conclusions Fluid control in diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients is affected by their health beliefs, this indicates that diabetic peritoneal dialysis patients must have insufficient awareness of fluid status and fluid adherence. It is suggested that they should establish comprehensive health beliefs.

Objective To investigate the coping mode and quality of life of patients with malignant glioma during chemotherapy.Methods European organization for research and treatment of cancer quality of life,Core 30(EORTC QLQ-C30) and medical coping modes questionnaire(MC-MQ)were used for the survey among 45 patients with malignant glioma during chemotherapy.Results The scores on patients' emotion function and role function were(7.80±2.52)and(16.26±5.35),both at a low level.The avoidance factor in copy mode was scored(16.26±5.35),significantly lower than the norm(14.44±2.97)(P<0.05). Conclusion Nurses should make pertinent measures for intervention,encouraging patients to take right cope mode and keeping positive attitude so as to improve their quality of life.

Objective To analyze the prevalent characteristics of hospitalized patients with gastric cancer in Shanxi Cancer Hospital from 2001 to 2010,and explore its incidence trends.Methods All related data of gastric cancer patients from 2001 to 2010 were collected,sorted and analyzed in view of gender,age,distribution of areas,et al.Results A total of 14 296 (11 355 males and 2 941 females) gastric cancer patients were overviewed.Male/female ratio was 3.86:1.The total number of patients was increasing with years on(F =95.06,P ＜ 0.000 1).Overall,prevalence increased dramatically in age group of 40-80 yr,reaching a peak of 51-70 yr.Whereas,prevalence in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas.According to distribution of areas,gastric caner prevalence in Taiyuan was higher than that in other areas,followed by Linfen,Lyuliang and Changzhi.Conclusions Gastric cancer patients of hospitalization are increasing year by year.All patients present with significant epidemiological features in age,gender and region.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on synaptic transmission in the spinal dorsal horn of rats.Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 4-6 weeks,weighing 150-200 g,were used in the study.The lumbar enlargemnent segments of the spinal cord were harvested,and the parasagittal lumbosacral spinal cord slices with attached dorsal roots were prepared and incubated in artificial cerebro-spinal fluid.The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record each index,and 4 spinal cord slices were selected and used for each index records.Experiment Ⅰ Dexmedetomidine was added cumulatively in concentration increments.Aδ and C fibers-mediated evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (eEPSCs) were recorded before administration (baseline) and during perfusion with dexmedetomidine 4 and 10 μg/ml.Experiment Ⅱ The neurons innervated by Aδ and C fibers were selected,and Aδ and C fibers-mediated eEPSCs were recorded before administration (baseline),at 5 min of perfusion with yohimbine (alpha 2 adrenergic receptor antagonist) 2 μmol/L,and during continuous perfusion with yohimbine 2 μmol/L plus dexmedetomidine 4 μg/ml.Experiment Ⅲ The evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (eE-PSPs) and evoked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (eIPSPs) were recorded before administration (baseline) and during perfusion with dexmedetomidine 4 μg/ml.Results Dexmedetomidine could dose-dependently inhibit Aδ and C fibers-mediated eEPSCs,dexmedetomidine could inhibit Aδ and C fibers-mediated eEPSPs and produced no effect on eIPSPs,and yohimbine could inhibit dexmedetomidine-induced inhibitory effect on eEPSCs.Conclusion The mechanism by which dexmedetomidine inhibits nociceptive information transmission in the spinal dorsal horn is related to inhibition of excitatory synaptic transmission through activating α2-adrenergic receptors,but not related to activation of inhibitory synaptic transmission in rats.

AIM: To assess the effect of RNAi on suppressing the exogenous reporter gene expression in mammalian neurons,and explore the effect of siRNA quantitation on interference efficiency.METHODS: Exogenous green fluorescent protein(GFP) expression vector was transferred into neuro-2a cells,and then the small interference RNA targeting GFP mRNA(siGFP) synthesized by transcription in vitro at three different concentration was used in this experiment.RESULTS: The results showed that the neuro-2a cells can be transfected efficiently and siGFP can inhibit GFP expression greatly.CONCLUSION: RNAi can be applied into mammalian neurons successfully.The research on siRNA quantitation will provide technique support for studying the gene function of neurons in the future.