Objective To explore clinical characteristics of patients with Klinefelter′s syndrome(KS; 47,XXY).Methods 227 male patients with 47,XXY treated by artificial insemination with donor(AID)were included.Age, education, height, weight, body mass index(BMI), testicular volume, FSH, LH, testosterone(T), prolactin(PRL), estradiol(E2)were analyzed retrospectively.Results Of these patients, their height were(176.4±5.5)cm, weight(74.5±12.7)kg, BMI(23.89±3.66)kg/m2[77 of overweight(33.92%)and 34 of obesity(14.98%)], FSH(38.35±14.33)IU/L, LH(19.40±9.00)IU/L, T(132.00±194.50)ng/dl, E2(23.90±15.00)ng/L, PRL(10.50±8.20)μg/L, E2/T 0.21±0.80.Testicular volume had the positive association with the level of T(r=0.197, P=0.003).BMI had the negative association with the serum concentration of T(r=-0.284, P=0.000), while positive association with the E2(r=0.174, P=0.009)and ratio of E2/T(r=0.323, P=0.000).Age had no association with T, E2, and E2/T(P>0.05), but had negative association with the serum concentration of LH(r=-0.154, P=0.02)nd FSH(r=-0.196,P=0.03).The higher education group were older(P<0.01), while the level of T were lower(P<0.01).Conclusion In patients with Klinefelter′s syndrome(KS; 47,XXY), level of T may associate with testicular volume.T, E2, and the ratio of E2/T seem to associate with their height, BMI, and education level.

Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain caused by primary nervous system damage and nerve dysfunction. Its pathogenesis is complex and diverse. It is difficult to treat clinically. In recent years, researchers used electroacupuncture to treat neuropathic pain and obtained a desirable effect. This article summarizes recent years’ studies on the main mechanisms of neuropathic pain and the intervention effect of electroacupuncture to provide reference for following studies on electroacupuncture treatment of neuropathic pain.

AIM: To assess the effect of RNAi on suppressing the exogenous reporter gene expression in mammalian neurons,and explore the effect of siRNA quantitation on interference efficiency.METHODS: Exogenous green fluorescent protein(GFP) expression vector was transferred into neuro-2a cells,and then the small interference RNA targeting GFP mRNA(siGFP) synthesized by transcription in vitro at three different concentration was used in this experiment.RESULTS: The results showed that the neuro-2a cells can be transfected efficiently and siGFP can inhibit GFP expression greatly.CONCLUSION: RNAi can be applied into mammalian neurons successfully.The research on siRNA quantitation will provide technique support for studying the gene function of neurons in the future.

Objective To clarify the protective effect of nrsodeoxycholic acid ( UDCA ) on endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in pancreatic β-cell of streptozotocin ( STZ )-induced diabetic rats.Methods Rats( n =40) received a single injection STZ( 50 mg/kg) intra-peritoneally and formed a β-cell injury model.Weight-matched normal rats( the control group,n =10 ) were injected with the buffer alone.STZ-treated rats with persistent random blood glucose higher than 16.7 mmol/L for 1 week were considered as diabetic status( n=14 ),then divided randomly into STZ-induced diabetes mellitus ( DM ) group ( n =7 ) and UDCA-treated DM group ( n =7 ).UDCA (40 mg· kg- 1,d-1 ) was administered daily by intragastric intubations throughout the experimental period (30 d).During the entire experiment,blood glucose in all rats was assessed.By the end of the experiment,all rats were sacrificed with the pancreas removed and the blood sample collected immediately.Fasting insulin levels were assayed by radioimmunoassay.The morphological changes of pancreatic β-cells apoptosis were determined by TUNEL assay.RNA in pancreas was abstracted and microarray containing 89 pieces of apoptosis related genes was applied.The related gene expressions were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results The concentration of blood glucose in diabetic rats was gradually decreased after UDCA treatment,but at the end of the experiment it was still higher than that in the normal control group.The treatment with UDCA raised the fasting insulin level in diabetic rats,but this concentration was significantly lower as compared to the control group.Based on TUNEL stained tissue sections,the percentage of β-cell apoptosis of UDCA-treated DM group was significantly lower than that of STZ-induced diabetic group(P＜0.05 ).Among 89 genes,42 genes up-regulated and 46 genes down-regulated in diabetic rats,some of which were ameliorated by UDCA treatment.The expressions of Caspase-3,Bax,Bip,and CHOP mRNA in pancreas of DM group were significantly up-regulated as compared with those in the control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ) ; while the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA was markedly down-regulated (P＜0.05 ).However,these parameters in the U DCA-treated animals showed a marked improvement.Conclusion Ursodeoxycholic acid seems to protect pancreatic β-cell from apoptosis in STZ-induced diabetes by attenuating the severity of endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Objective To study the effects on tissue CT number caused by scan protocols.Methods The phantom was repeatedly scanned in different protocols by changing only one of parameters,such as X-ray tube voltage,mAs and recon kernel,while other parameters were ketp unchanged.The CT number of different materials in phantom were measured and analyzed.Results The CT numbers of tissues changed remarkably with the tube voltage and had different relativity for different tissues.The CT numbers had positive correlation with kV for such maierials as polyethyle,lexan,perspex,but for teflon the correlation was negative.The mAs and recon kernel had no effects on CT number.Conclusions The CT number of tissue changes with scanning X-ray tube voltage,so the setting of scan parameters should be taken into account in image diagnosis and radiotherapy.

Objective To detect the signaling pathways involved in aldosterone (ALDO)induced mesangial cell (MC) proliferation. Methods The incorporation of 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR)and cell count were used as the measure of mesangial cell (MC) proliferation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined by DCFDA fluorescence. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation was assayed by Western blotting. Results ALDO induced MC proliferation.When incubation with 100 nmol/L ALDO for 24 h, the 3H-TdR incorporation and cell number increased by 2.63- and 2.15-fold, respectively. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist EPLE almost completely blocked ALDO-induced MC proliferation (P<0.01), however, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist RU-486 had no effect on MC proliferation. ALDO increased intracellular ROS production in cultured human MCs. When incubation with ALDO (100 nmol/L) for 60 min,ROS production increased by 2.14-fold. ALDO-induced ROS generation was completely blocked by EPLE as well as mitochondrial complex Ⅰ inhibitor rotenone (P<0.01=, NADPH oxidase inhibitors diphenyleneiodonium sulfate (DPI) and apocynin inhibited ALDO-induced ROS production by 30%to 35% (P<0.05=. In contrast, inhibitors of other oxidant-producing enzymes, including allopurinol,indomethacin, nordihydroguiaretic acid, ketoconazole and G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)had no effect on ALDO-induced ROS production. Antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and ROT inhibited ALDO-induced MC proliferation by 75% to 80%, whereas the inhibition of NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin and DPI on ALDO-induced MC proliferation was 25% to 30%. ALDO induced EGFR transactivation. When incubation with 100 nmol/L ALDO for 60 min, EGFR phosphorylation was increased by 4.95-fold, which was completely inhibited by EPLE and antioxidant NAC (P<0.01=. NAC and EGFR antagonist AG1478 significantly blocked ALDO-induced MC proliferation (P<0.01=. Conclusions ALDO-induced MC proliferation is mediated by ROS-dependent EGFR transactivation. ALDO-stimulated ROS is mainly generated by mitochondria.

Objective To observe the expression of Rock Ⅰand its functional activation in renal tissue from a rat UUO model, and to investigate its role in the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis(RIF). Methods Expression of RockI mRNA and protein were examined by RT PCR and Western blotting, respectively.The phosphorylation of MBS(binding subunit of myosin phosphatase)—a substrate of Rock Ⅰwas detected by Western blotting and defined,as the mark of functional activation of the kinase. Results (1)The expression of Rock ⅠmRNA was increased before the onset of RIF(the 3rd day after the experiment) (F=15 18,P

Objective To explore the value of speckle tracking imaging ( STI) in the evaluation of left ventricular longitudinal movement function in patients with sepsis. Methods From April 2015 to November 2016,sixty?eight patients (sepsis group) who were admitted into ICU of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital and other 68 healthy subjects ( control group) were selevted in the study. The total longitudinal strain values of 3 long axes and the longitudinal strain of each segment of the left ventricle were measured by STI technique. Results The overall strain values of the septic group and the control group on the left ventricular long axis were (-17. 34±4. 34) and (-18. 43±2. 90),respectively. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P=0. 04 ) , and the overall strain of the sepsis group was relatively low. The apical segment of posterior ventricular septal,the middle section of anterior septal and lateral wall of the two groups had showed no statistically significant difference ( P<0. 05) ,the differences in the other longitudinal strain values of each segment in left ventricular of the two groups were statistically significant( P<0. 05) . The longitudinal strain values of the posterior ventricular septal were (-14. 11 ± 3. 21 ) and (-18. 23 ± 2. 34 ) , ( P=0. 018 ); the longitudinal strain of the middle segment of ventricular septal were (-20. 38±2. 78) and (-17. 30±3. 42),(P=0. 024);the longitudinal strain of the basal segment of the anterior ventricular septal were (-16. 98±3. 51) and (-17. 32 ± 2. 35 ) , ( P=0. 012 ); the anterior interventricular septal apical longitudinal strain value were (-13. 11±5. 21) and (-22. 43 ± 1. 64) ( P=0. 044); the longitudinal strain values of the front wall were (-16. 22±5. 93) and (-19. 72 ± 4. 81) ( P=0. 030); the longitudinal strain values of the lower wall were (-18. 54±4. 97) and (-20. 01±3. 26),(P=0. 002); the longitudinal strain of the posterior wall is (-17. 82 ±2. 31) and (-19. 57±3. 11) (P=0. 021). Conclusion The STI technique can find out the myocardial injury in the early stage of sepsis,which offers a reliable way for evaluation of sepsis patients.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the neurolinguistic features of a Chinese patient with pure alexia in acute and convalescent stages.

METHODSWe assessed the reading and writing abilities of the patient with the Aphasia Battery of Chinese (ABC), the reading examination of Chinese characters (1999, Lin) and the Chinese agraphia battery (CAB).

RESULTSIn the ABC examination in the acute phase, the patient performed well in oral expression and comprehension, and the prominent linguistic abnormalities were alexia and merging agraphia; in the convalescent phase, the recovery of alexia was better than that of agraphia. In reading examination of Chinese characters, shape errors were the main reading disorders in the acute phase with a few semantic errors, regularization errors and mistakes in pronunciation, but only shape errors reappeared in the recovery period. CAB examination showed impairment of writing for pictures and dictation abilities in the recovery period but recovery of other writing abilities. The writing disorder was manifested as aphasic agraphia, with obvious dysorthography and lexical errors; the patient was capable of spontaneous writing only after spontaneous speech, and was able to read the written words.

CONCLUSIONThe linguistic components of the Chinese patient with pure alexia showed different patterns of damage and recovery, suggesting the difference in their respective neuropsychological pathways.

Objective:To seek the effect of group education under the BOPPPS model(bridge-in, objective, pre-assessment, participatory learning, post-assessment, summary) on the breastfeeding competency of first gestation women, to improve the breastfeeding competency of first gestation women and promote the realization of postpartum breastfeeding.Methods:Eighty-one first gestation women were chosen from the gestation class of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, the quasi-experimental research method was adopted, 40 women from January to February 2022 were involved in the control group and 41 women from May to June 2022 were involved in the intervention group. The control group was assigned common education, while the intervention group was assigned group education based on BOPPPS model. Breastfeeding Competency Scale (BCS) and breastfeeding family support questionnaire were used to compare breastfeeding competency and family support level of the two groups before and after intervention, and the skin contact rate at 1 hour after delivery and the pure breastfeeding rate at 42 days after delivery were compared between the two groups.Results:Before intervention, there was no significant difference in breastfeeding competency and family support level between the two groups (all P>0.05). After 4 weeks of intervention, the scores of breastfeeding competency and family support were (147.59 ± 13.50), (3.16 ± 0.18) points in the intervention group, more than those in the control group (125.48 ± 16.87), (2.87 ± 0.22) points, the differences were statistically significant between the two groups ( t=-6.52, -6.30, both P<0.05). The skin contact rate at 1 hour after delivery and the pure breastfeeding rate at 42 days postpartum were 75.6%(31/41), 53.7%(22/41) in the intervention group, more than those in the control group 52.5%(21/40), 30.0%(12/40), the differences were statistically significant between the two groups ( χ 2=4.71, 4.65, both P<0.05). Conclusions:Group education based on BOPPPS model can improve the level of breastfeeding competency and family support of gestation women. It increases the skin contact rate, and plays a good role in promoting the increase of pure breastfeeding rate.