Objective To study the genetic toxicity of aluminium trichloride on reproductive cells of male mice.Methods Twenty healthy male KM mice were randomly divided into four groups,the experimental groups(50,75,100 mg/kg AlCl3 respectively) and the normal control group(0.9% NS),all of the groups were exposed by intraperitoneal injection,2 consecutive days with one day interval,for 2 weeks.The variation of body weight and index of testicle was observed,olive tail moment was evaluated by comet assay while sperm nucleus immaturity rate was examined by fluorescent staining sperm nucleus.Results Compared with the negative control group,the index of testicle in each AlCl3 treated group decreased significantly(P

Objective To find a method to improve the range accuracy of moving target such as peripheral lung tumors, since a single CT snapshot may not be accurate during the treatment process.Methods A simple harmonic motion phantom, embedded with a cube and a circular ball, was used to simulate the tumor motion. Individualized moving targets were scanned 24 times with different amplitudes and frequencies. Then the images were fused from every 1, 2 or 3 sets of CT scans. The GTV volume variation of circular target and the length variation of the cube target along the z axis were contoured and analyzed. Results As motion amplitude increased, the maximum of both circular target volume and cube target length was increased, while the minimum of the factors was decreased. Motion frequency affected the target volume less than amplitude. For a cube target with the length of 3.3 cm at stationary phase, when motion frequencies was 20 and motion amplitude was 2 cm, the maximal length was 2. 4 times of the minimal length (5. 1 cm vs. 2. 1 cm). When it came to the cube target groups fused from every 1,2 and 3 sets of CT scans, the average length and standard deviation were (3.77 ± 1.20) cm, (4.18 ±0. 91)cm and (4.52 ±0. 59) cm, respectively. With the increase of fused scan number, targets became bigger, the standard deviation decreased, and the change of center positions was decreased. Conclusions The motion amplitude, frequency and the number of CT scans are the main factors affecting target definition, though, the optimized scanning phase is not certained. When 4DCT and respiration gating technique are not available,the efficient and practical method to solve this problem is to scan the target three or more times and fuse them in planning system, which will generate a larger, more reproducible GTV volume for moving targets.

Objective To detect circulating CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells (Treg) and Toll-like receptor(TLR)2 and TLR4 expression on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC), and to explore the correlation between them. Methods PBMCs isolated from 30 LC patients, 21 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and 16 normal controls(NC) were stained with fluorescent labeling anti-TLR2-PE, anti-TLR4-APC, anti-CD14-FITC monoclonal antibodies and anti-CD4-PerCP, anti-CD25-FITC, anti-CD127-PE. Samples were detected by flow cytometry. Statistic analysis be-tween groups was performed by Kruskal-Wallis H test. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze the correlation of Treg and TLR2, TLR4. Results The expression of TLR2 and TLR4 were significantly up-reg-ulated in patients with LC than those in the controls (TLR2 : 200.3 ± 96.8 vs 94.1 ± 17.6, P < 0.05 ; TLR4:32.1 ±7.2 vs 17.8 ±3.9, P<0.05). The expression of TLR4 was significantly increased in pa-tients with LC than those in patients with CHB (TLR4 : 32. 1 ± 7.2 vs 25.2 ± 8.3, P < 0.05), but there were no differences of TLR2 expression between LC and CHB(200.3 ± 96.8 vs 214.0 ± 72.6, P > 0.05). Treg/CD4+ T cells were 5.07% ±1.43%, 5.88% ±1.66%, 4.21% ±1.24% in patients with LC, CHB and NC, respectively. Treg/CD4+ T cells were significantly increased in patients with CHB than those in pa-tients with NC(P<0. 05) and LC(P <0.05), but there were no differences between LC and NC(P > 0.05). TLR4 expression and Treg were positive correlation (r = 0. 469, P = 0. 032) and TLB2 expression were negative correlation in patients with LC (r = -0.428, P = 0.021). Conclusion The expression of TLR2 and TLR4 were up-regulated on PBMCs in patients with LC. It seems to be expression of TLR2 and TLR4 in-volved in the pathogenesis of LC.

Objective This study was provided the evidence of infection respiratory tract clinical treatment through examining 695 cases of pathogen .Methods Using indirect immunofluorescence(IFA) IgM antibody with 9 respiratory pathogen in serum of 695 patients from August 2015 to March 2016 with respiratory tract infection from espiratory ,pediatrician ,thoracic surgery clinics were detected in this paper in order to provide the basis for clinical treatment .Results The results showed that single pathogen de‐tection positive rate was 33 .9% in 695 cases ,The top three of positive rate were MP(14 .1% ) ,IFB(9 .6% ) ,RSV(4 .8% );the posi‐tive rate of two mixed infection was 7 .79% ;The postive rate of MP ,IFB have obvious difference in seasons ,but which of Coxiella burneti was no obvious seasonal difference;there was an obvious difference between the sex ratio .Conclusion MP ,IFB ,RSV infec‐tion were given priority to detection rate in our region .

ObjectiveTo analyze the risk factors of pulmonary infection for critically ill ICU patients with tracheotomy,and investigate the methods to prevent nosocomial lung infection. Methods94 patients in ICU with pulmonary infection after tracheotomy from March 2008 to March 2010 were analyzed retrospectively,they were set as the observation group.100 patients in synchronization without pulmonary infection after tracheotomy were set as the control group.The general condition,diagnosis and treatment methods and care,the environment,etc.were studied,the risk factors for nosocomial pulmonary infections after tracheotomy were analyzed.The care methods and points to prevent lung infections for critically ill ICU patients after tracheotomy were summarized. ResultsThe study showed that the respiratory system diseases in critically ill patients,smoking history,low seniority of nursing staff,long-term use of large dose of antibiotics,application of H2 blockers and antacids,and many patients in the same ward were risk factors for critically ill patients with pulmonary infection. ConclusionsLung infection after tracheotomy in critically ill ICU patients was affected by many factors.In the actual operation,we should targeted to avoid infection led by treatment and care factors,environmental factors,control and prevention measures should especially be strengthened for patients with respiratory diseases to prevent lung infection.

Objective To construct eukaryotic expression vector encoding rat IMD gene and deliver it into rat renal tissue via ultrasound-mircobubbles. Methods IMD gene was inserted into pCDNA3.1 ( + )between Hind Ⅲ and EcoRI enzyme sites. The recombinant plasmid designated as IMD-pCDNA 3.1 wasconfirmed by restrictive enzyme digestion and sequencing. Eighteen male Wistar rats were randomized into 3groups, which were treated with no transfection, empty vector transfection and IMD transfection, respectively, in renal tissue via ultrasound-microbubbles. RT-PCR and Western blotting were applied to detect the expression level of IMD. Results Enzyme- digestion and sequencing data showed that IMD-pCDNA 3.1 was correctly constructed. The differences in ALT, AST, BUN and SCr were not significant; No obvious damage in the glomerular, tubular and interstitial was observed in all the treated groups;Compared with non-transfection group and empty vector-transfection group, IMD mRNA and protein expression in IMD transgenic renal tissue were significantly increased. Conclusion IMD-pCDNA 3.1 expression vector was successfully constructed and well expressed in rat kidney.

Objective To investigate the effect of intermedin (IMD) on renal ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) injury after the up-regulation of IMD. Methods A total of 24 healthy Wistar male rats were randomly divided into four groups,sham-operated group,I/R group,IMD gene transfection +I/R group and empty plamid +I/R group.All the animals were killed at the end of 24 h of reperfusion.Histological changes and renal function were estimated.The expression and site of IMD were determined by Immunohistochemistry method,semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting.The protein expressions of endothelin 1 (ET-1),tumor necrosis factor αt (TNF-α) were detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with sham-operated group,tubulointerstitial pathological injury was significant aggravated in I/R group (7.6±2.3) and empty plamid +I/R group (7.0±1.8),and such injury was improved in IMD+I/R group (1.5±0.8) (P＜0.05).Compared with I/R group and empty plamid +I/R group,the renal dysfunction of IMD +I/R group was obviously lessened [BUN:(7.73±1.03) mmol/L vs (10.13±2.14) mmol/L,(9.77±1.92) mmol/L; Scr:(58.50±3.27) μmol/L vs (80.33±7.15) μmol/L, (75.67±7.58) μmol/L,all P＜0.05].IMD expression was weak in the plasma of tubulointerstitial cells in sham-operated group,and was up-regulated in I/R group. Compared with I/R group, immunohistochemical IMD expression increased obviously (262.03±67.89 vs 175.57±48.06,P＜0.01).The mRNA expression of IMD in IMD+I/R group was up-regulated significantly by 60.7％,66.1％ and the protein expression of IMD in IMD+I/R group increased significantly by 51.4％,55.9％ as compared to I/R and empty plasmid +I/R group.Meanwhile,the protein expressions of ET-1 and TNF-αt in IMD+I/R group were obviously lower compared with those in I/R group (ET-1:0.08±0.02 vs 0.17±0.02; TNF-α:0.21±0.04 vs 0.35± 0.02,all P＜0.05). Conclusion IMD gene transfected into kidneys of rats prior to I/R surgery can attenuate the over-expressions of both ET-1 and TNF-o in I/R injured rat kidneys as well as the damages to the structure and function of the kidneys.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of MR fast scanning techniques in fetal congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Methods 12 cases diagnosed or suspected fetal congenital diaphragmatic hernia by ultrasound with gestational age (>20 weeks) were underwent MR examination.The fast scan sequences were as follows:Half-Fourier acquisition single-shot fast spinecho se-quence(HASTE)、True fast imaging steady-state precession sequence (True FISP)、Turbo FLASH T1 WI sequence.The axial,co-ronal and sagittal scanning were focused on fetal head and body.The results of prenatal MR examination was compared with neonatal surgical findings or autopsy results after inducing labor.Results All of 12 cases,9 cases were left diaphragmatic hernia,2 cases were right diaphragmatic hernia and 1 case was hiatal hernia.2 cases of them were complicated with other congenital malformations. The features of MRI were as follows:Some portions of bowels and stomach crossed into the thorax were visible in the HASTE and TRUE FISP sequence.The herniated stomach and bowels showed high or scattered high signals.The intestinal types were visible as well.The lung tissue intruded at the apex of the lung and the heart deviated to the opposite side were demonstrated.T1 weighted im-ages obtained from ultra-fast FLASH (Turbo FLASH)T1WI sequence showed characteristic high signals in the meconium,which delineated clearly the shape of the colon and small intestine.The prenatal MRI results of all cases were consistent with surgical (10 cases)and autopsy (2 cases)findings.Conclusion MR fast scanning techniques can clearly show fetal congenital diaphragmatic her-nia.Multiple sequences scanning can comprehensively map the organizational structure and anatomical relationship of fetal congenital diaphragmatic hernia with the surrounding tissues.MR fast scanning techniques play an important role in the diagnosis of fetal con-genital diaphragmatic hernia.

Objective To increase the ability to recognize the characteristic MRI features of multiple sclerosis (MS) in the spinal cord. Methods Fifteen patients with MS underwent MR examination of the cervical spine. The MS plaques were evaluated for lesion location, length,size on cross-section and lesion enhancement. MRI features of intraspinal tumor of spinal cord, cervical spondylopathy of myeloid form and transverse myelitis were analyzed and compared. Results The lesion mainly developed in cervical cord in the 15 patients. The lesions were less than five vertebra body in length. MRI features showed that involved cord segment was mild swollen with smooth periphery in sagittal section;the plaques showed iso-mild hypointense on T 1WI and hyperintense on T 2WI; the plaques were located peripherally and occupied less than 50%of the cross-sectional area of the cord; the lesions in active stage were enhanced by Gd-DTPA or no enhancement, the enhanced size of plaque was smaller than the extent showing hyperintense on T 2WI. The case of several onset showed various enhancement. Conclusion MS of spinal cord has characteristic feature on MRI, this can provide reliable proof for clinical diagnosis.

Objective To study CT numbers correction of kilo?voltage cone?beam CT (KV?CBCT) images for dose calculation. Method Aligning the CBCT images with plan CT images, then obtain the background scatter by subtracting CT images from CBCT images. The background scatter is then processed by low?pass filter. The final CBCT images are acquired by subtracting the background scatter from the raw CBCT. KV?CBCT images of Catphan600 phantom and four patients with pelvic tumors were obtained with the linac?integrated CBCT system. The CBCT images were modified to correct the CT numbers. Finally, compare HU numbers between corrected CBCT and planning CT by paired T test. Evaluate the image quality and accuracy of dose calculation of the modified CBCT images. Results The proposed method reduces the artifacts of CBCT images significantly. The differences of CT numbers were 232 HU, 89 HU, 29 HU and 66 HU for air, fat, muscle and femoral head between CT and CBCT respectively (P= 0?? 39,0?? 66,0?? 59,1).The differences of CT numbers between CT and CBCT was reduced to within 5 HU. And the error of dose calculation with corrected CBCT images was within 2%. Conclusions The CT numbers of corrected CBCT are similar with plan CT images and dose calculations based on the modified CBCT show good agreement with plan CT.