To investigate the cause, clinical features, differential diagnosis and treatment of adrenal hematoma, 4 cases were studied retrospectively. Chinese literature was reviewed. There were 4 cases diagnosed as adrenal hematoma pathologically among 282 cases of adrenalectomy in Chinese PLA General Hospital. Two cases were suspected as adrenal adenoma and the others were found incidentally during nephrectomy. Forty six cases of hematoma were reported in 7 Chinese articles since 1979. 26 1%(12/46)were misdiagnosed as adenoma for surgical treatment and 73 9%(34/46)were followed up. It is very important to have sound knowledge to make a correct diagnosis of adrenal hematoma. It is helpful to inquire the case history in detail and to do B type ultrasound repeatedly, CT scanning or MRI with contrast. Follow up is reasonable if it is not suspected to have malignant or hyperfunctioning adenoma.

By systematically combing the records of Bladder Meridian of Foot-Taiyang from medical literatures of Zu Bi Shi Yi Mai Jiu Jing (Maxibustion Canon of Foot and Arm), Yin Yang Shi Yi Mai Jiu Jing (Maxibustion Canon of Ying and Yang), Ling Shu Jing Mai (Meridians, a chapter of Miraculous Pivot), Zhen Jiu Jia Yi Jing (A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion), Jiu Jing Tu (Illustration of Moxibustion) from Dunhuang, it can be found that the formation and development of theory of main and collateral channels is a long-term dynamic process containing constantly summing up the experiences. The record about only the 2.3 inch one-line loop route carved out beside the posterior midline of dorsal lumbosacral portion by Bladder Meridian Foot-Taiyang may be a positioning mode of acupoint exclusively used by moxibustion and summed up by people good at moxibustion therapy using their clinical experience. In addition, thoughts that the heavy-moxibustion is a good method for difficult miscellaneous diseases (especially for the serious illnesses after attacked by wind and cold pathogens) may be included.

In order to explore the clinical feature, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of adrenal incidentalomas, we reviewed 98 cases of adrenal incidentalomas for which adrenalectomy was performed in our hospital from 1993 to 2002. It was found that the average age of the patients was 48 years old, 16 cases (16 3%) had no specific symptoms, and others were incidentally diagnosed. Of the 98 cases, 18 (18 4%) were malignant lesions, including 8 metastatic cancers, 8 adrenal carcinomas and 4 lymphangioma, and 80 were benign lesions. Twenty one cases were functioning adrenal adenoma. Ultrasound, CT scan, MRI or MIBG were effective methods to detect adrenal incidentalomas.

In order to investigate the distribution and diagnosis of adrenal tumors, 282 cases of patients who had undergone adrenalectomy in our hospital from March 1993 to December 2001 were reviewed. There were 147 (52 1%) women and 135 (47 9%) men, with a mean age of 43 6?13 0 (3～75) years. Of the 282 patients, 83 patients (29 4%) were operated on because of hyperaldosteronism, 59 (20 9%) pheochromocytoma, 27 (9 5%) hypercortisolism, 105 (37 2%) incidentaloma, 36 (12 8%) malignant tumors and 13 (4 6%) for other reasons. The average diameter of adrenal tumors was 4 8?3 4 (0 3～22 5)cm. The size of tumor mass was smallestin hyperaldosteronism, while the largest was malignant tumor. The conformation rate of the preoperative diagnosis and pathological findings was 65 2%.

Objective To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) mRNA and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA in colon adenocarcinoma cells. Methods SW480 colon cancer cells were divided into a control group and an HBO group, which was in turn divided into various subgroups according to the various HBO pressures (0.15 MPa, O. 20 MPa, 0.25 MPa) and exposure times (12, 24 and 36 h) tested. The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF mRNA was evaluated with RT-PCR after the various treatments. Results The expression of HIF-1α mRNA was lower in the SW480 cells than in the controls after exposure to 0.25 MPa HBO for 12 h. No expression of HIF-1α mRNA was detected after exposure to 0.25 MPa HBO for 24 h. The expression of VEGF mRNA was lower after exposure to 0.25 MPa HBO for 36 h than in the controls. Conclusion Absence of HIF-1α mRNA expression and decreased expression of VEGF mRNA in SW480 can be observed after exposure to 0.25 MPa HBO for 24 h, suggesting that HBO may inhibit the formation of tumor blood vessels through down-regulating the expression of these mRNAs.

Objective To investigate the combined inhibition effect and the potential mechanism of rapamycin (mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor) and PD98059 (mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor) on mouse colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods S-ICR mice were subcutaneously injected with 20 mg/kg of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride in the nape for 20 weeks to induce CRC. From the 16th week, the mice were treated with alone or combined injection with 0.25 mg/kg rapamycin and 2.5 mg/kg PD98059. The drugs were administered for 8 weeks. Subsequently, the animals were sacrificed and dissected, the tumor sizes were measured, and the tumors were harvested for pathological assay. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of mTOR, p70S6K, and 4E-BPl proteins was detected by using immunohistoehemistry. Results The mice treated with rapamycin (44. 44 %) or PD 98059 (either alone (38.89%) or combination treatment (6.67%) were significantly less likely to develop cancer compared with mice receiving none of them (77.78%, P<0. 05). The average size of tumors was (6.15±2. 192), (8.85±3. 983), (2.917±0. 191), (16.36±6.855) mm3 respectively (P<0.05).The anti-cancer effect of the combination treatment was substantially significant. The proteins of phospho-mTOR, phospho-p70s6K and phospho-4E-BPl were significantly down-regulated after treatments (all P values < ,0.05). Conclusions Combined treatment was more effective than single-drug treatments of rapamycin or PD98059 alone for the prevention and treatment of mouse CRC. The mTOR signal pathway might be involved in the inhibitory mechanism.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on mRNA expression of iron metabolism related genes. Methods Ten male mice (2 months) were injected intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide(0.5 μg/g). After 6 hours, mice were sacrificed and then sera, liver and spleen were collected. The mice blood routine was measured. The serum iron and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were determined with reagent kit. The quasi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed for mRNA of hepatic hepcidin(HP), ferroportin1(Fpn1), transferrin receptor 1(TfR1) and spleenic HP, Fpn1 and interleukin-6(IL-6). Results The serum iron and TIBC were reduced in mice injected LPS, which exhibited mild anemia(P＜0.05) . LPS can increase the expression of hepatic hepcidin and decrease Fpn1 and TfR1 in liver after LPS administration 6 hours(P＜0.05). In spleen, IL-6 was upregulated and Fpn1 downregulated(P＜0.05). Conclusion LPS can influence serum iron through regulating the mRNA expression of hepatic and spleenic iron metabolism related genes, such as HP, Fpn1 and TfR1.

Objective:To explore the correlation between carotid lesion severity detected by ultrasound and pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP‐A) expression in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) .Methods :A to‐tal of 78 ACS patients hospitalized in our hospital from Feb 2012 to May 2015 were regarded as ACS group ,mean‐while ,another 78 healthy subjects were enrolled as healthy control group .Correlation between carotid lesion severi‐ty detected by ultrasound and PAPP‐A expression was analyzed . Results:Compared with healthy control group , there were significant rise in serum PAPP‐A concentration [ (0.97 ± 0.32) mg/L vs .(1.56 ± 0.19) mg/L] ,carotid intima‐media thickness [IMT ,(0.84 ± 0.13) mm vs .(1.28 ± 0.16) mm] and Crouse plaque score [ (2.98 ± 1.92) scores vs .(8.24 ± 1.13) scores] in ACS group ,P<0.01 all .Linear correlation analysis indicated that serum PAPP‐A concentration was significant positively correlated with Crouse plaque score and IMT ( r= 0.342、0.243 , P<0.05 all) .Multi‐factor gradual linear regression analysis indicated that carotid Crouse plaque score and IMT were in‐dependent risk factors for PAPP‐A (partial regression coefficient=1.932 ,17.722 ,P<0.01 both) .Conclusion:Ca‐rotid ultrasound Crouse plaque score ,IMT are significantly positively correlated with PAPP‐A expression ,which can indirectly reflect coronary artery disease severity in ACS patients ,it is worth extending .

Objective To explore the possible protective effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on cognitive deficits induced by amyloid β25-35 (Aβ25-35) and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampi of rats with Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods The animal AD model was established in 24 Sprague-Dawley rats by bilateral hippocampal injection of Aβ25-35.Twelve rats were injected with normal saline as controls,and another 12 served as normal controls.After the injection,the model rats were further divided into a model group and a treatment group.All the rats were housed with normal feeding for 2 weeks and then those in the treatment groups received a total of 2 courses of HBO treatment (10 days each with an interval of 3 days in between).The other groups were left with no treatment.After the treatment,the rats' learning and memory ability were tested using Morris' water maze test,and any neuronal changes were observed using TUNEL staining.The expression of mRNA and Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in the hippocampus were detected using a RT-PCR and Western blotting.Results HBO significantly improved the learning and memory impairment and alleviated neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus compared against the control group.In addition,HBO treatment significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 and down-regulated the expression of Bax.Conclusion HBO treatment can prevent learning and memory impairment induced by Aβ25-35 peptides,which might be mediated by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus.

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperbaric oxygen(HBO)combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)chemotherapy on colon carcinoma Lovo cells.Methods Lovo ceils were exposed to 0.20 MPa HBO combined with 5-FU at different concentrations.The cell cycle was monitored with flow cytometry,and cell proliferation was detected using a methylthiazol tetrazolium test(MTT).Results ①After exposure to HBO,phase accumulation of Lovo cells was significantly higher than in the control group,and the accumulation of Lovo cells exposed to HBO after 24 h was significantly higher than at 12 and 48 hours.②There was difference between HBO(0.20 MPa,post 24 h)+ 5-FU(≤8 pM)group and 5-FU(≤8 μM,12 h)group on the inhibition of cells proliferation(P ＜0.05),and significan difference could be seen between the two groups after treatment for 48 h(P ＜ 0.01); ③There was no significant difference between HBO + 5-FU group and 5-FU group treatment with the concentration(16,32,64 μM)of 5-FU(P ＞ 0.05)for 12 h ;however,the difference could be seen after treatment for 48 h between the two groups(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The lethal effect on Lovo cells of 5-FU can be enhanced by exposure to 0.20 MPa HBO,especially with low concentrations of 5-FU.