Objective To study the hypoglycemic effect of polysaccharide from stigma maydis and to explore its therapeutic mechanism preliminarily.Method The diabetes mice models were induced by tetraoxypyrimidine.The concentration of blood sugar was determined by glucose oxidase test.The influence of the stigma maydis polysaccharide on glycometabolism and its repair effect on damaged glycometabolism organs of diabetic mice were observed respectively by content determination of glycogen and by the measurement of activities of relative enzymes(superoxyde dismutase and glutathione peroxidase).Results The stigma maydis polysaccharide could decrease the blood sugar,promote the synthesis of glycogen and repair the damaged glycometabolism organs of diabetic mice.Conclusion The stigma maydis polysaccharide exhibits a good therapeutic effect on diabetic mice,and has a good development prospect.

Objective To evaluate the usefulness of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration(B-RTO)in treating varices of gastric fundus.Methods Total 11 patients with liver cirrhosis-combined gastric varices were treated by B-RTO.Transfemoral approach was used in all cases.A balloon catheter was inserted into left adrenal vein,then sclerosing material(5% ethanolamine oleate)was injected into the gastric varices via a gastrorenal shunt with the balloon inflated,the balloon was kept in place for 60 minutes.Follow-up was made by enhanced CT and endoscopy.Results 9 varices of the 11 were disappeared or remarkably decreased in size,and no recurrence or rupture was found during the follow-up period(2-12 months).1 of the remaining two varices decreased after second B-RTO procedure.No definitive change of liver or renal function was noted.Conclusion B-RTO is effective,reliable and less invasive for the treatment of gastric varices.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the volume of spleen and zebra enhancement pattern on CTAP(CT arterial portography).Methods Total 219 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma underwent CTAP were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into three groups according to the CTAP enhancement patterns:group l,patchy heterogeneous enhancement(zebra pattern);group 2,homogeneous enhancement with remarkable hypodensity of the liver parenchyma(hypodensity pattern);group 3,homogeneous enhancement with definitive contrast(normal pattern).The volume of spleen was measured based on CT findings and compared among the groups.Results In the total 219 cases,there were 10 cases showing zebra enhancement pattern(4.6%),16 cases of homogeneous hypodensity(7.3%)and 193 of normal enhancement pattern(88.1%).The average volumes of the spleen of the three groups were (588.3?331.5) cm 3,(883.2?296.5) cm 3 and (474.4?275.0) cm 3,respectively.There was no significant difference of the splenic volume between groups 1 and 3,and the difference between groups 2 and 3 was significant.Conclusion There is no definitive relationship between the zebra enhancement pattern on CTAP and the volume of spleen,while the homogeneous hypodense enhancement is positively and significantly correlated with the volume of spleen.

Objective To establish the biological reference interval of procalcitonin(PCT) applicable for children in Chongqing.Methods Serum PCT level were detected in 120 healthy children with age from 0 to 16 years, including 73 cases of male and 47cases of female children, by using by Maglumi2000 plus PCT analysis system.All data was evaluated according to EP28-A3c document to establish the biological reference interval.Results Data of PCT levels were with non-normal distribution, and without statistical difference between children of different ages and genders(P>0.05).The biological reference interval of PCT was less than or equal to 0.038 μg/L.Conclusion It might be important to establish a usefully biological reference interval in different laboratories with relative detection system, especially for children.

Objective To investigate the effect of resistance nodulation division (RND) efflux pumps on reduced susceptibility to tigecycline in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii.Methods Totally 631 isolates of Acinetobacter baumanii were collected from 16 hospitals in 7 provinces in 2010.Genes oxa-51 and oxa-23 were detected by PCR method,and the ST profiles were determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST).The disk susceptibility assay was used to determine the inhibition zone diameters of β-lactams,aminoglycosides,macrolides,tetracyclines,carbapenems,tigecycline and polymyxin.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tigecycline was determined by E-test in strains with inhibition zone diameters ≤ 12 mm on tigecycline.The expression of operon genes adeB,adeG and adeJ was determined with efflux pump inhibitor NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) for detection of efflux pump inhibitor phenotype.The isolates of Acinetobacter baumanii which were resistant both to tigecycline and carbapenems and with the inhibited phenotype of efflux pump inhibitor were collected as the experiment group,the isolates which were susceptible to tigecycline but resistant to carbapenems were collected as the control group,and ATCC 19606 was used as the reference strain.The expressions of adeABC,adeFGH and adeIJK were quantified by q-PCR at the transcriptional level.Genes adeR,adeS and adeL were amplified and sequenced using PCR method to find polymorphic locus and insertion sequences.Results There were 32 isolates of Acinetobacter baumanii with reduced susceptibility to tigecycline and carbapenem-resistant.Eight isolates were with the inhibited phenotype by efflux pump inhibitor.And 4 strains which were susceptible to tigecycline but resistant to carbapenems were selected as the control.The expressions of adeABC in A518,Z1219 and A527 of experiment group were 13-fold,5-fold and 7-fold higher than reference strain ATCC19606,respectively.The expressions of adeFGH and adeIJK were up-regulated slightly in some isolates.Transcript of adeABC was not found in control group strains A207 and A1731,and the expressions of adeABC,adeFGH and adeIJK were not up-regulated in other isolates.The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was detected in adeR (E220K) and adeS (A130D),respectively.ISAab1 insertion sequence was identified in adeS of adeABC-over expressed isolates.No mutation was found in adeL.Conclusion High expression of adeABC pump may play an important role in tigecycline resistance in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,mainly due to the insertion of ISAba1 sequence in its regulator gene adeS,but other mechanism of tigecycline resistance may not be excluded.

Objective To understand the type and frequency of the gene mutation in exon 6 of phenylalanine hydroxylase(PAH) in the children of Ningxia,in order to provide foundation for phenylketonuria(PKU) gene diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis.Methods The exon 6 and flanking introns of 73 cases of classic PKU patients in Ningxia[all confirmed at Ningxia Neonatal Screening Center from Jan.2010 to Jun.2013,and distributed in Ningxia 22 County (city,district),aged from 15 days to 13 years,including 38 male cases,35 female cases,and Hui 39 cases,Han 34 cases] as well as 100 healthy newborn babies(Hui 50 cases;Han 50 cases) were sequentially analyzed by using the approach of PCR direct sequencing.Results There were 6 kinds of mutations detected,including EX6-96A ＞ G(6.85％),Q232X(2.74％),D222G(1.37％),V2301 (1.37％),R176X (0.68％) and N223I (0.68％).Mutation detection rate of exon 6 was 13.70％,and there were 3 mutation types:50.0％ missense mutation (3 types) ;33.3 ％ nonsense mutation (2 types) ;16.7％ cleavage site mutation(1 type).After reviewing the previous studies,the researchers had found out that EX6-96A ＞ G,Q232X and R176X were ever reported in China,and V2301 and D222G had been reported in our country for the first time but N223I was a new kind of PAH gene mutations were not been reported in the world.Conclusions It has defined the gene type and frequency of PAH gene mutations in exon 6 in the children of Ningxia and it will enrich the research of PKU in this area,and provide the basis for the development of gene diagnosis of PKU.

Objective To study the differential expression of apoptosis related genes in GJB2 gene conditional knockout mice (cCx26Pax2Cre ) cochlea membranous labyrinth ,and to explore the mechanism of GJB2 gene mutations causing deafness .Methods Two developmental stages of P10 and P18 were selected from the knock out mice and the wild type ones (BALB/C) .The total RNA was isolated from cochlear membranous labyrinth and PCR array was performed using mouse apoptosis PCR arrays .Results Compared with wild -type mice ,significant up or down -regulation in gene expression was detected in 16 genes in cCx26Pax2Cre ones at P10 .Of the 16 genes ,14 ones were down-regulated .Among the 14 genes ,9 ones can be classified as anti -apoptosis or pro -proliferation genes ,5 ones can be classified as pro -apoptosis or pro -inflammation genes .The other 2 genes expression was up-regula-ted ,and their main role was to promote apoptosis .Compared with time -matched controls ,significant up or down-regulation in gene expression was detected in 4 genes in cCx26Pax2Cre mice at P18 .Of the 4 genes ,3 ones expression was down-regulated ,were anti-apoptosis ones .The expression of the other one gene among the 4 ones was up-regulated ,which acted as pro -apoptosis genes .Bcl2l10 and Tnfrsf10b expression showed significant down or up -regulation at both stages . Compared with P10 , the expression of caspase - 8 was up - ragulated at P18 in cCx26Pax2Cre mice .Conclusion It is suggested that GJB2 mutation may up -regulate the expression of DR5 ,which can trigger the death receptor pathway to cause apoptosis in cCx 26Pax2Cre mice cochlea directly .At the same time , caspase-8 in death receptor pathway may activate the mitochondria pathway indirectly and amplify the apoptosis further in cCx26Pax2Cre mice cochlea .The final result of the above activated pathways is the wide range of cochlear cells apoptosis and the profound hearing loss in cCx 26Pax2Cre mice .

Objective To explore the feasibility of labeling in vitro rabbit osteoblasts with Qtracker and the features of Qtracker-labeled rabbit osteoblasts. Methods A healthy male rabbit, 3 months old, weighing 2 kg, was used in this study. After bone marrow was aspirated, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were isolated and cultured using the adherence method in vitro. The third passage of BMSCs was induced into osteablasts before incubation with Qtracker at concentrations of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 nmol/10~6 cells (Groups A, B, C, D, E, F respectively). Cells not labeled by Qtracker served as negative control (Group G). The following parameters were measured: induction, differentiation and determination of rabbit osteoblasts; the optimal mass concentration of Qtracker labeling by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry; the cell sur-vival rates at various concentrations of Qtraeker labeling by trypan-blue exclusion; Qtracker-labeled cell pro-liferation by MTr. Results The primary and the passage rabbit BMSCs were chiefly of fusiform shape. Rabbit BMSCs differentiated into osteoblasts following induction. The osteoblasts cytoplasm showed green fluorescence under fluorescence microscopy after being labeled by Qtracker. The mean labeling rate increased with the increased concentration of Qtracker, reaching up to (93.58±2.08) % after incubation at 8 nmol/ 10~6 cells by fluorescence microscopy, and (95.24±1.31) % by flow cytometry. There were no significant differences between Groups D, E, F(P>0.05), but significant differences were found between Groups A, B, C and Groups D, E, F (P<0.05). The labeling rate for Group G was 0. The cell survival rates were all above 96% (P>0.05) . No significant differences were found in the cell proliferation among various con-centrations (P>0.05). Conclusions Qtraeker can be used as a labeling marker for rabbit osteoblasts. When the concentration is at 8 nmol/10~6 cells, optimal labeling effect can be achieved. Rabbit osteoblasts labeled with Qtracker are of high efficiency and safety.

Objective To evaluate the long-term outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) during hospitalization after cardiac surgery.Methods 1 770 patients underwent cardiac surgery in Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital from April 2009 to February 2011 were enrolled.Based on the Kidney Disease:Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guideline of AKI,the patients were divided into the AKI and the nonAKI groups,and followed up for 2 years.The 2-year survival rate and incidence of the advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) was compared between the two groups.Factors influencing the 2-year survival rate and incidence of the advanced CKD were also analyzed.Results Among all the patients,715 (40.4％) of them were developed AKT.(1) The 2-year survival rate of the AKI group was lower than that of the non-AKI group (83.2％ vs 93.6％ ;P ＜0.05).Compared with the non-AKI group,AKI group had an increased risk for death with the hazard ratio of 1.710 (95％ CI 1.250-2.340).COX regression analysis showed that AKI was an independent factor for death with the risk intensity just less than diabetes and chronic cardiac insufficiency.The advanced age,the preoperative history of chronic cardiac insufficiency and the time of staying in ICU also significantly increased the risk of death.(2) Compared with patients without AKI (0.2 ％),the incidence of the 2-year of advanced CKD was higher in patients with AKI (6.7 ％ ; P ＜ 0.05) with an hazard ratio of 31.220 (95 ％ CI 7.550-129.110).COX regression analysis showed that AKI was still the independent risk factor for advanced CKD after adjustment of other factors.In addition,diabetes,the time of the cardiopulmonary bypass and the time of staying in ICU were also associated with the risk for the advanced CKD.Conclusions AKI is common after cardiac surgery,which was associated with a decrease in the 2-year survival rate and an increase in the incidence of advanced CKD of patients,which emphasized the importance of prevention and treatment of AKI,and close follow-up of renal function for the improvement of patient long-term prognosis.

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of the first dorsal metatarsal-dorsal phalangeal artery flap in repairing large area of soft tissue defect on the palmar side of finger.Methods:From February, 2016 to June, 2018, 11 fingers of 11 patients (7 males and 4 females, aged 19-46 years old with an average of 32.5 years old) with large area of soft tissue defect on the palmar side of the finger were repaired with the first dorsal metatarsal-dorsal phalangeal artery flap. These included 3 with the first dorsal metatarsal-first dorsal phalangeal artery blood supply, and 8 with the first dorsal metatarsal-second dorsal phalangeal artery blood supply. In which 3 with retained finger pulp was for repairing the defects and bridging arteries, including 1 flexor tendon defect repaired by the extensor digitorum brevis tendon of the second toe with the flap. The type of blood vessel was Gilbert I detected by CDU before surgery. The area of the flaps was from 1.5 cm×5.0 cm to 3.0 cm×8.0 cm. The donor area of the flaps was compressed with full thickness skin grafts of the shank. The follow-up data was collected by outpatient clinic visits and telephone interviews.Results:All the 11 flaps survived and were followed-up for an average of 14 months, ranged from 6 months to 24 months. The colour and texture of the flaps were good. Sensing of temperature, pain and touch restored, without swelling. Function of the fingers was well restored. The range of motion of distal and proximal interphalangeal joints was closed to normal. The TPD of the flaps was 5-11 mm, with an average of 8 mm. Ten had primary wound healing in the donor sites of foot. One case had necrosis of the proximal toe of the skin graft and healed after dressing change. Long-term follow-up of the skin grafting area was wear-resistant, and does not hinder walking without rupture.Conclusion:Application of the first dorsal metatarsal-dorsal toe artery flap to repair large area of soft tissue defect on the palmar side of finger has number of advantages such as it, covers the wound and carry the tendons, bridges the arteries at the same time, plus delivers satisfactory outcome.