Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is a rare biliary malignant tumor derived from the biliary epithelial cell. The primary current treat-ments for hilar cholangiocarcinoma include surgery and chemotherapy, as well as radiation and photodynamic therapies (PDT). A com-plete resection with negative margins is the only treatment with the potential for cure and the only way to maximize survival. Howev-er, over half of the patients in the advanced stage of hilar cholangiocarcinoma lost the chance for surgery. Radiotherapy and chemo-therapy can prolong patient survival;however, these lack reliable data. Most patients who cannot be treated surgically undergo biliary stenting to relieve the biliary obstruction. The PDT is a new method to treat various malignant tumors. Several clinical studies have shown its local tumor ablation capability. Thus, PDT has broad application prospects in the treatment of unresectable hilar cholangio-carcinoma.

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Using the micromethod of Farmer and Abt, plasma vitamin C content of 9S boys and girls in a middle school was determined throughout the year 1954 to 1955. A dietary survey was also carried out every month of the year, for calculating the vitamin intake. The results of the present study are as follow:1. When the diet contains ample amount of fresh leafy vegetables in season, a satisfactory plasma vitamin C level can be maintained. When the diet is limited in fresh vegetables, plasma vitamin C readily decreases in those seasons.2. There is a significant seasonal variation of plasma vitamin C content Highest values are obtained in winter, the maximal content occurring in December. The minimal value is observed in June. This corresponds to the variation in the. level of vitamin C intake in different seasons. There is no significant difference between Autumn and Winter.3. No definite correlation between plasma vitamin C content and the condition of the gums was observed in the present study.4. The plasma vitamin C content of Chinese and English school children observed by some other authors was lower than that obtained in the present investigation. It is believed that the increase plasma vitamin C of the subjects in this study is mainly due to improvement of the living condition of the population and widespread education of the people in the fundamentals of nutritional science in recent years.

Sixty-seven students suffering from nightblindness in a middle school in Peking were examined with a new apparatus designed by us for the dark adaptation test before and after the treatment of the disease during April, 1955. This apparatus was equipped with a series of holes with different luminosity. The time needed to see all the holes before and after the treatment with vitamin A, was 118 and 62 seconds respectively. In the following spring, a year after diet improvement program was started, there were no complaint of nightblindness among the students. In May, 1956, 49 students who had sufferred from nightblindness in the previous year, were reexamined with the same apparatus, and the time needed was 45 seconds When this result was compared with that of a vitamin A supplemented group (31 seconds), there was no significant difference.From the above findings, it has been shown that nightblindness can be prevented by improvement of the diet alone, and the above apparatus is suitable for the diagnosis of nightblindness for mass nutritional survey. The description of the apparatus is presented in the text.

Objective To explore and analyze the risk factors affecting psychological status of adolescent orthodontic patients in stomatology department, and to develop intervention strategies according to the results. Methods A total of 186 cases of adolescent orthodontic patients in stomatology department from September 2012 to September 2015 were selected, and psychological status was investigated by Chinese Middle School Students Mental Health Scale (MMHI-60 scale) and Symptom Self-rating Scale (SCL-90).The patients were divided into observation group (with psychological problems) and control group (without psychological problems) according to the psychological status scale scores. Univariate descriptive analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to determine related factors of the possible influencing factors, and the intervention strategies were developed. Results The factors such as social roles, living area, single parent, only child, internal and external tropism, neuroticism, being given health education, malocclusion severities of the deformities were closely related to psychological status of adolescent orthodontic patients in stomatology department (χ2=2.534-44.297, P<0.05 or 0.01). The independent risk factors were classified as high to low according to the degrees of danger: severe malocclusion (OR=3.578, P=0.000), instability emotional (OR=2.934,P=0.000), workers (OR=1.857, P=0.011) and rural life (OR=1.632, P=0.014), while the factors such as outgoing personality (OR=0.628, P=0.008) and being given health education (OR=0.746, P=0.010) were protective factors. Conclusions The factors such as severe malocclusion, instability emotional, workers,rural life,outgoing personality and health education are the related risk factors affecting psychological status of adolescent orthodontic patients in stomatology department, and psychological health intervention should be strengthened in the clinical practice to improve the psychological status and compliance.

Our aim was to assess the curative effect of endoscopic stenting in patients with pancreatic fistula. One patient suffered from pancreatic fistula was treated by pancreatic stenting drainage. The patient′s condition was significantly improved after endoscopic treatment, and no complications such as abdominal pain, bleeding, perforation, and elevation of serum amylase level were found. The fistula was cured in one week. Followed up for 5 months, no relapse of pancreatic fistula was found, and body weight of the patient increased 4kg. The results of B ultrasonography and abdominal X ray examination were also normal. So pancreatic stenting drainage is an effective and safe therapy for pancreatic fistula and should be the first choice.

Objective To explore the efficacy of selective posterior rhizotomy (SPR)and post-operative rehabilitation training in treating cerebral palsy. Methods The 100 patients with cerebral palsy were randomly divided into two groups. In group A, the patients were treated by SPR, and in group B, the patients received rehabilitation training after SPR for 12 months. One year later the curative efficacy of all patients was evaluated and compared between the two groups.Results The effective rate was 52% and 76% in groups A and B respectively. Conclusion It is very important that the patients receive systematic rehabilitation training after SPR so as to gain a most satisfied functional recovery.

[Objective] To observe the influence of Red Sage and Propranolol on portal hypertension rats' pressure,liver fibrosis and gastric-intestinal hormone.[Method] At 4w after making models,rats take the said medicines,then measure their portal pressure with biological signal Medlab-Ug4Cs collection and treatment system;after decapitation,measure the indexes with radio-immune method.[Result] In model group(1),the portal pressure is much more increased than normal one(2),that in Red Sage treatment(3) and Propranolol(4) groups is much lowered,so are gastrin and glucagon;compared to group 1,the gastrin,motilin and glucagon in group 3 are much decreased,so are compared to group 4.[Conclusion] Red Sage can effectively reduce portal pressure,liver fibrosis index and regulate gastro-intestinal hormone,with cure effect better than propranolol.

[Objective] To compare and analyse the clinical effect of tiny incision blind-cut suck-erasion on unhairing and preserving armpit hair in bromhidrosis.[Method] Select 429 cases of 851 sides in our hospital, divide them into treatment group(blind-cut suck-erasion+unhairing) 308 cases with 609 sides, and control group(blind-cut suck-erasion+preserving armpit hair) 121 cases with 242 sides. Make statistics and compare their complications in recent and forward stages, also the recurrence and residual of peculiar smel after 1 year. [Result] For the treatment group, 38 sides had the recent compli-cation of hematoncus, 30 sides had partly skin necrosis, 12 had bad cut cure, 70 had early slight hardening and contracture skin; for the forward complica-tions: 27 sides had focal slight scar, 3 severe scar, 23 focal subcutaneous sac lump with infection, 3 peculiar smel residual and recurrence. To the control one, for the recent complications, 11 sides had hematoncus, 9 partly skin necrosis, 5 bad cut cure, 13 early slight hardening and contracture skin; for for-ward complications, 8 sides had focal slight scar, 1 severe scar, 3 focal subcutaneous sac lump with infection, 38 peculiar smel residual and recurrence. By comparison, on early slight hardening and contracture skin and focal subcutaneous sac lump with infection, the treatment group was higher than control one;other complications had no difference of statistical meaning;on radical cure rate, the treatment group was obviously more than control one, with dif-ference of statistical meaning. [Conclusion] The tiny cut blind-cut suck-erasion is definite in treating bromhidrosis, the operation removes subcutaneous apocrine sweat gland, meanwhile removes the hair fol icle and sebaceous gland complexus, the therapy is very thorough, with better cure effect, less recur-rence, without increasing complications.

Objective To investigate the blood lead level and its related factors in children in Chongqing and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of lead contamination. Methods In June 2001, the blood lead levels in 173 children(aged 2～7 2 years old) selected from 2 kindergartens representing the children in urban district and suburb were detected. At the same time, the related factors were investigated by using questionnaires. Results The highest, the lowest and the mean blood lead levels were 270 ?g/L, 18 ?g/L and 77 73 ?g/L, respectively. The blood lead level of 23 70% children investigated surpassed 100 ?g/L(the international diagnostic criterion of lead poisoning in children). Significant regional difference in blood lead level was found. The mean blood lead levels in children in Yuzhong District and Dadukou District were 111 23 ?g/L and 57 57 ?g/L, respectively. The percentages of children in the two districts with blood lead levels higher than 100 ?g/L were 52 31% and 6 48%, respectively. Blood lead level was closely correlated with the dwelling condition, the dwelling location where factories were nearby or the number of factories was large, health habits, the frequency of eating canned food and popcorn, and culture levels of the mothers. Conclusion Blood lead level of children in the urban distict is significantly higher than that in the suburb, to which more attention should be paid.