OBJECTIVETo develop a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) system, for precisely imaging the accommodation of the anterior segment of the human eye.

METHODSDesign the SD-OCT system based on two Michelson interferometer by using the basic principal of weak coherent light interference and modular design of dual channel dual focus.

RESULTSThe system can provide simultaneous cross-sectional imaging of all the surfaces of the anterior segment of the eye including the cornea, anterior chamber, anterior and posterior surfaces of the crystalline lens. Thus, the dynamic change of modification of the curvatures can be calculated in real time.

CONCLUSIONSThe system was successfully tested in imaging accommodation, with high resolution and non contact. The preliminary results demonstrated the feasibility of this novel approach to measure the eye parameters.

Objective To explore the clinical manifestation, diagnosis and prognosis of Leigh syndrome in children. Method Clinical data from 4 cases of Leigh syndrome conifrmed by genetic testing were retrospectively analyzed. The related literature were reviewed. Results In 4 cases, 3 were boys and one was a girl, 3 cases were onset in infant and one case was in school age. The main manifestations were mental retardation, low muscle tone, convulsions, feeding dififculties, drooping eyelids, extraocular muscle paralysis and nystagmus, irritation, activity intolerance etc. The brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed symmetry long T1, T2 abnormal signal in brainstem, bilateral globus pallidus, thalamus, cerebellar dentate nuclei, and periaqueductal, 3 cases involved midbrain, one case involved thalamus, and one case involved cerebellar dentate nuclei;2 cases had encephalatrophy. Electromyography was normal in all cases. The levels of lactate in blood and cerebrospinal lfuid were increased. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) detection found the mutation of mtDNA 8993 T>G in one case, and the mutation of mtDNA 9176 T>C in another 3 cases. The case onset in school age died of respiratory failure one month later, and another 3 cases were still in follow up, there were mental retardation, but no signiifcant setback. Conclusion The clinical manifestations of Leigh syndrome in children are diverse. The diagnosis is based on the typical clinical manifestations and MRI, blood and/or cerebrospinal lfuid lactate levels. The genetic testing is the golden standard for diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of acute myocardium ischemic on heart function of pregnancy rat.Methods 13 female SD rats and 6 early pregnancy rats were divided into normal group, unpregnant group with acute myocardial infarction and early pregnant group with acute myocardial infarction. The anterior branch of the left coronary artery was ligated. 3 weeks later, Image 1.31 software was used to measure areas of myocardial infarction,and to evaluate hemodynamics of heart with powerLAB4.12, and cardiac tissues were stained with Massion. Results Compared with unpregnant group with acute myocardial infarction , the early pregnant group with acute myocardial infarction had less myocardial infarction area (28. 86% vs. 36. 8%), and had a higher left ventricle end systolic pressure, ±dp/dt max, and lower left ventricle end diastolic pressure. Massion stain showed the amount of collagen of the lesion was less in the early pregnant group with acute myocardial infarction than that in unpregnant group.Conclusion The early pregnant group with acute myocardial infarction had better heart contractive and diastolic function.

BACKGROUND:Preoperative walking ability and activities are good predictors of functional recovery of patients after hip replacement. But these objective assessment tools are invalid to predict postoperative function of patients with no preoperative walking ability.
OBJECTIVE:To assess the effect of preoperative subjective physical activity questionnaire to predict the 6-month postoperative physical functioning outcomes in elder patients receiving hip arthroplasty, and to determine which aspects of patient’s characteristics influence 6-month postoperative physical activity.
METHODS:A two-center prospective audit was carried out in elder patients who underwent hip arthroplasty between November 2010 and February 2013. These patients were divided into three groups, including the group of total hip arthroplasty for fractures of the femoral neck, the group of total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis and the group of hemiarthroplasty for fractures of the femoral neck. Al patients had fulfil ed Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam-Physical Activity Questionnaire (LAPAQ) and Short Form 36 (SF-36) recal ing their physical activity at 2 weeks before the fal accident (for fractures of the femoral neck) or admission (for hip osteoarthritis). Preoperative demographic data were also col ected. Postoperative assessment regarding subjective physical activity assessment including LAPAQ and SF-36, and objective physical activity assessment including timed up and go test and six-minute walk test were evaluated at the time of 6-month postoperation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Total y 115 patients finished the study. Both preoperative LAPAQ and SF-36 can play a predictor to probe 6-month postoperative function of objective and subjective activity in patients with femoral neck fractures or hip osteoarthritis undergoing hip arthroplasty. Preoperative LAPAQ seems better than preoperative SF-36 to predict postoperative physical activity. For hip fracture patients, because preoperative objective function cannot be assessed, preoperative LAPAQ can play an effective and subjective index to predict postoperative function of objective activity, and physical functions can recover 70%-80%at 6 months postoperatively. For hip osteoarthritis patients, postoperative physical function can be increased by approximately 27%compared with before hip arthroplasty. Patient’s characteristics also affect the postoperative physical activity, and the occurrence of preoperative complications is a most important factor.

Objective To observe the changes of inflammatory factors and clinical parameters on septic patients with hemoperfusion,and to discuss the application of hemoperfusion on sepsis. Methods 43 patients with sepsis were divided into treatment group and control group randomly. In the treatment group,the patients received conventional treatment and hemoperfusion together,which performed every 24 hours,continuously for 3 times when they arrived in ICU in the first hour. The concentrations of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10 and PAF were dynamically detected before hemoperfusion,after 24 hours,48 hours and 72 hours in treatment group. The concentrations of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-10 and PAF were compared between the two groups after 72 hours. So did the clinical parameters as WBC count,CRP,PCT and blood lactate acid. Results The concentrations of TNF-α,IL-6, IL-10 and PAF were increased significantly in the early stage of sepsis,and were decreased obviously after hemoperfusion(P < 0.01). After 72 hours treatment,the concentrations of TNF-α,IL-6 and PAF were decreased rapidly,so did the level of CRP,PCT and blood lactate acid. There were significant differences between the two groups(P < 0.05). ConclusionHemoperfusion could remove the inflammatory factor of septic patients and improve the clinical symptoms of them.

Background: Previous study has found that ursolic acid (UA) inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by the down-regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression.However,its molecular mechanism is not fully clear.Aims: To investigate the role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/COX-2 signaling pathway in UA-mediated inhibition of gastric cancer cells proliferation.Methods: AMPK-pLVX,AMPK-shRNA,STAT3-pLVX,STAT3-shRNA plasmids were constructed,and then were transfected into human gastric cancer cell lines SGC-7901 and MKN-45,respectively.Gastric cancer cells were cultured with different concentrations of UA for different times.The expressions of phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK),phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) and COX-2 were measured by Western blotting,and cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay.Results: UA dose-and time-dependently increased p-AMPK expression,inhibited p-STAT3 and COX-2 expressions in SGC-7901 and MKN-45 cells.Knockdown of AMPK blocked UA-induced inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation and COX-2 expression.Overexpression of STAT3 blocked UA-induced down-regulation of COX-2 expression.Knockdown of AMPK and overexpression of STAT3 blocked UA-induced inhibition of proliferation of gastric cancer cells.Conclusions: UA may inhibit the proliferation of gastric cancer cells via down-regulation of COX-2 expression through AMPK/STAT3 pathway.

Objective: To investigate the protective effect and potential mechanism of tanshinol borneol ester (TBE) on homocysteine(Hcy) induced rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) damage. Methods: BMSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro by density gradient centrifugation and adherent culture method. BMSCs were divided into the control (normal isolation and culture), TBE-1(10 μmol/L TBE-1 solution with 100 μl), TBE-2 (10 μmol/L TBE-2 solution with 100 μl), Hcy (0.5 mmol/L Hcy solution with 100 μl), Hcy + TBE-1(0.5 mmol/L Hcy solution with 100 μl, and 10 μmol/L TBE-1 solution with 100 μl), Hcy + TBE-2 (0.5 mmol/L Hcy solution with 100 μl, and 10 μmol/L TBE-2 solution with 100 μl), Hcy+ TBE-1+ inhibitor group(0.5 mmol/L Hcy solution with 100 μl, 10 μmol/L TBE-1 solution with 100 μl, and 25 μmol/L LY294002(specific blocker of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase) solution with 100 μl), Hcy+ TBE-2+ inhibitor group(0.5 mmol/L Hcy solution with 100 μl, 10 μmol/L TBE-2 solution with 100 μl, and 25 μmol/L LY294002 solution with 100 μl). Cell proliferation activity was detected by MTT assay. The T-SOD activity and malonaldehyde level of cells were measured by anthineoxidase method and TBA method, respectively, to evaluate cell oxidative and antioxidative activities. The ultrastructure of cells was observed under transmission electron microscope. The expression level of PKB and NF-κB of cells in various groups were detected with the immunocytochemical method. Results: (1)Cell proliferation activity in TBE-1 group and TBE-2 group was significantly increased compared with the control group (both P<0.01), and was similar between TBE-1 group and TBE-2 groups after 1, 12, 24 and 48 hours treatment.(2)The T-SOD activity in TBE-1 group and TBE-2 group was significantly higher than in control group (both P<0.01), while it was significantly lower in Hcy group, Hcy+ TBE-1 group, and Hcy+ TBE-2 group than in control group(all P<0.01), and was similar between control group, Hcy+ TBE-1+ inhibitor group, and Hcy+ TBE-2+ inhibitor group(all P>0.05). The T-SOD activity was higher in Hcy+ TBE-1 group and Hcy+ TBE-2 group than in Hcy group(both P<0.01), and was higher in Hcy+ TBE-1+ inhibitor group than in Hcy+ TBE-1 group(P<0.05) and was higher in Hcy+ TBE-2+ inhibitor group than in Hcy+ TBE-2 group(P<0.05). The malonaldehyde level was lower in TBE-1 group and TBE-2 group than in control group(both P<0.01), was higher in Hcy group, Hcy+ TBE-1 group, Hcy+ TBE-2 group, Hcy+ TBE-1+ inhibitor group, and Hcy+ TBE-2+ inhibitor group than in control group(all P<0.01), was lower in Hcy+ TBE-1 group and Hcy+ TBE-2 group than in Hcy group(both P<0.01), was higher in Hcy+ TBE-1+ inhibitor group than in Hcy+ TBE-1 group(P<0.05), was higher in Hcy+ TBE-2+ inhibitor group than in Hcy+ TBE-2 group(P<0.05). (3)Under electron microscope, BMSCs showed profound swelling, senescence and apoptosis of cells increased significantly in Hcy group, Hcy+ TBE-1+ inhibitor group, and Hcy+ TBE-2+ inhibitor group when compared with control group. BMSCs in the TBE-1 and TBE-2 groups presented with abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, and very active cell metabolism signs. Compared with Hcy group, BMSCs edema, the number of aging and apoptotic cells, and cell injury severity were significantly less in TBE-1+ Hcy group and TBE-2+ Hcy. (4)The PKB level was higher in TBE-1 group and TBE-2 group than in control group(both P<0.01), was lower in Hcy group, Hcy+ TBE-2 group, Hcy+ TBE-1+ inhibitor group, and Hcy+ TBE-2+ inhibitor group than in control group(all P<0.01), was similar between control group and Hcy+ TBE-1 group(P>0.05), was higher in Hcy+ TBE-1 group and Hcy+ TBE-2 group than in Hcy group(both P<0.05), was lower in Hcy+ TBE-1+ inhibitor group than in Hcy+ TBE-1 group(P<0.05), and was lower in Hcy+ TBE-2+ inhibitor group than in Hcy+ TBE-2 group(P<0.05). The NF-κB level was higher in TBE-1 group and TBE-2 group than in control group(both P<0.01), was lower in Hcy group, Hcy+ TBE-1 group, Hcy+ TBE-2 group, Hcy+ TBE-1+ inhibitor group, and Hcy+ TBE-2+ inhibitor group than in control group(P<0.01 or 0.05), was higher in Hcy+ TBE-1 group and Hcy+ TBE-2 group than in Hcy group(both P<0.05), was lower in Hcy+ TBE-1+ inhibitor group than in Hcy+ TBE-1 group(P<0.05) and was lower in Hcy+ TBE-2+ inhibitor group than in Hcy+ TBE-2 group(P<0.05). Conclusion Tanshinol borneol ester can promote the proliferation of BMSC, and attenuate the homocysteine induced rat BMSCs damage possibly through activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/PKB signal transduction and its downstream signal pathway protein NF-κB.