All-ceramic dental materials could meet the requirements for extraordinary aesthetics and ex-cellent biocompatibility in vivo, thus are widely utilized in prosthetic dentistry. Since the all-ceramic materials have low strength reliability and the disadvantage is recently concerned, the relevant research has been the focus in the area. The purpose of this artical is to review the relevant studies and with focus on the factors that influence the strength including material component, microstructures and manufacture process, as well as strength improv-ing approaches such as ingredient alteration, fabrication optimization and surface treatment. As for various strength testing methods, all the existing test methods are compared and evaluated.

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) refers to a series of clinical syndromes that occurs because of structural or functional disorders involving the biliary and/or pancreatic sphincters.It remains controversial whether endoscopic sphincter manometry (SOM) or sphincterotomy is needed in patients with type Ⅲ SOD.An important problem is that ERCP (with or without SOM) carries significant risks, especially the post-ERCP pancreatitis.The EPISOD trial has updated our knowledge on type Ⅲ SOD.The latest Rome Ⅳ consensus suggested that the classification term type Ⅲ biliary SOD should be abandoned and a new classification of biliary SOD was proposed;also, manometry and sphincterotomy were not recommended for patients with this type of SOD.The goal of this paper is to review recent literatures and elucidate the selected important questions regarding type Ⅲ SOD.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of alteplase thrombolysis in the treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods 42 patients with acute ischemic stroke were randomly divided into the control group and the study group.1 8 cases in the control group were treated by urokinase thrombolysis, and 24 cases in the study group were treated by alteplase thrombolysis.The clinical efficacy and safety were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the study group(91 .7%)was higher than that of the con-trol group(77.8%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ2 =9.7,P <0.01 ).Compared with the control group,the total vascular patency rate was higher,the difference was statistically significant(χ2 =97.6,P <0.01 ).The NIHSS score was lower in the two groups after treatment(t =1 0.1 58,1 5.962,all P <0.05),and that in the study group was more lower,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t =1 0.564,P <0.05 ). Conclusion Alteplase thrombolysis in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke patients,thrombolytic therapy for patients,in the use of drugs within the time window patients can get good clinical curative effect,no more than drug use the most extensive restrictions rarely cause patients with intracranial hemorrhage,and being suitable for populari-zation and application.

Objective To investigate the effect of ropivacaine preconditioning on the toxicity of ropivacaine to ND7/23 cells.Methods ND7/23 cells were cultured in DMEM culture medium at 37℃ in 5% CO2 incubator for 24 h at a concentration of 1 × 106/ml. The cells were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 3 each) ;control group (group C), ropivacaine group (group R) and ropivacaine preconditioning group (group RP). In group R, the cells were exposed to 1% ropivacaine 100 μl and incubated for 1 h. In group RP, the cells were exposed to 0.02% ropivacaine 100 μl for 15 min, after ropivacaine was washed out, 1% ropivacaine 100 μl was then added and the cells were incubated for 1 h. The cell viability was measured using CCK-8 assay and apoptosis using Annexin-V/PI staining.Results Compared with group C, the cell viability was significantly decreased, while the early apoptotic rate and late apoptotic rate were significantly increased in groups R and RP ( P ＜ 0.05). Compared with group R, the cell viability was significantly increased, while the early apoptotic rate and late apoptotic rate were significantly decreased in group RP (P ＜ 0.05) .Conclusion Ropivacaine preconditioning can protect ND7/23 cells from bupivacaine-induced cytotoxicity through inhibiting apoptosis.

Objective To study the method for early diagnosis of acute rejection and the role of ELISPOT in donor evaluation. Methods All ventral heterotopic cardiac transplantation models were divided into three groups(each group having 25 recipients)as follows:rejection group(C57BL/6 donor heart to BALB/c recipient,no specific treatment after transplantation),treated group(C57BL/6donor heart to BALB/c recipient, donor specific splenocytes transfusion before transplantation plus 5 μg/g cyclosporin A per day applied continuously from 1 day before operation to 7 day posttransplantation),isograft group(BALB/c donor heart to BALB/c recipient,no specific treatment after transplantation). Mean survival time(MST)and histopathologic changes were observed. By using ELISPOT assay,IFN-γ-secreting splenocytes were detected and counted. Results MST of heart allografts in rejection and treated groups was(7.8±0.77)and(14.80±1.01)days respectively. The survival time of grafts in isograft group was all more than 28 days. There was significant difference among three groups. The number of infiltrating cells in rejection group was much more than the other groups as well as the extent of histopathologic changes. The number of donor-specific IFN-γ-secreting splenocytes in three groups on the posttransplantation day 4 and 7 was(288±16)、(32±10)、(6±2)/2×105and(416±19)、(44±8)、(7±2)/2×105,respectively,which had negative correlation with MST and positive correlation with histopathologic changes. Conclusions The detection of donor-specific IFN-γ-secreting splenocytes with ELISPOT assay might be a useful indicator for early diagnosis of acute rejection.This assay had high sensitivity and specificity enough for pretransplant donor evaluation.

Objective:to explore the relation of a marker (TaqIA) located DRD 2 gene and heroin dependence.Method:to compare the genotypes and allele frequencies between 66 patients with heroin dependence and 132 normal controls by PCR-RELP. TABPQ was used to measure the characters of patient's behavior.Result:There were significant differences in allele frequencies between patients and controls. No behavior difference was found between patients with different genotypes. Conclusion:There is an association between the marker (TaqIA) and heroin dependence. The data suggest that patients with A1 allele confers susceptibility to heroin dependence.

Objective Analyzing NNT epidemiological characteristics and the influeutial factors in Guangdong province from 2001 to 2005 in order to formulate the strategies for elimination NNT.Methods To make descriptive study on the data collected from NNT surveillance system. Results 2832 cases were concentrated in the Pearl River Delta and the west of Guangdong.About 72.04% NNT cases occurred in the migrant children.Through analyzing the data of the year of 2004 and 2005,73.81% of migrant NNT cases occurred in the Pearl River Delta.The cases happened in the Pearl River Delta accounted for 90.18% of whole cases.Most of local cases occurred in the west of Guangdong,which accounted for 39.04% of local cases.The cases occurred all around the year.A seasonal peak of NNT was found from June to August.Most of the onset of disease were during 2～10 days after birth.There were a higher ratio of reported male cases to the female.The ratio was 2.08∶1.Most of the NNT cases were happened to the infants who delivered at home and most of the midmives who were responsible for delivery lacked of training.99.75% mothers did not kown or administe the tetanus toxoid vaccine. Conclusion The elimination of neonatal tetanus is a difficult task in Guangdong province.Publicity to the mass should be strenghtened.The cooperation between sectors should be conducted for NNT eliminodion.

To investigate the expression and clinical significance of p27kip1 protein in primary liver cancer, the expression of p27kip1 protein and the relationship with clinicopathological factors were studied in primary liver cancer by using SABC immunohistochemical staining in specimens of 40 cases of primary liver cancer and 20 cases of liver cirrihosis. Our results showed that positive expression rate of p27kip1 protein in primary liver cancer was 37.5% (15/40), which was lower than that in benign lesion of liver 80.0% (16/20, P<0.01). The expression level of p27kip1 protein in primary liver cancer showed significant differences in tumor size, Edmonson histological grade, portal invasion, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage (P<0.05, for all), but not significantly correlated with patient's age and histological types. Log rank test showed that the p27kip1 expression was significantly related with prognosis of the patients (P<0.05), and the prognosis of the patients with p27kip1 positive expression was markedly better than that of those with p27kip1 negative expression. It is concluded that the expression of p27kip1 was significantly related clinicopathological factors of primary liver cancer. p27kip1 protein may be used as a novel tumor marker for primary liver cancer.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/*metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/*metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms/*metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tumor Markers, Biological/*metabolism

Experiment design has been added to the experiment class for pharmacological course.The topics of the experiment design were prepared by the teacher based on the contents of theory class.After finishing the experiment design with the help of literatures,the students introduced their proposal in the class,and then discussed with each other.The results of feedback showhed that most of the students think they have learned how to look up the literature and prepare the multimedia teaching materials in the course of completing the proposal.In addition,it also enhanced the spirit of team work,improved the students'ability of expression,aroused the students'awareness and interest for research as well as promoted the students'understanding for pharmacological theory.

This study was to observe the anti apoptosis effect of NADH on a normal liver cell line inflicted with chemical hypoxia. L02 liver cells were treated with 3mmol/L KCN in the presence of different concentrations of NADH (0～600?g/ml) for 0.5, 2, 4 hours. The percentage of apoptotic cells was assayed with flow cytometry(FCM). Another three groups of experiment were done as following. Group Ⅰ was control. Groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were treated with 3mmol/L KCN in the presence or absence of NADH (400?g/ml) for 2h. The expression of proteins of Bcl XL, Bcl 2 and Bax in the L02 cells were determined with FCM analysis. The results showed that NADH could obviously prevent L02 cells from apoptotic damage at the concentration of 400?g/ml. it could also significantly upregulate the expression of Bcl 2 and Bcl XL proteins and downregulate the expression of Bax proteins after cyanide challenge( P