The problems in nursing postgraduate training in China are summarized,which include the ambiguity of subject orientation,absence of unified standard on training objective,imperfection of tutor team,uncertainty of research direction,lack of scientific research funds,etc.The countermeasures are then proposed,and the direction of nursing postgraduate education reform in China is discussed.

Objective To study the changes of the blood Platelet activating factor (PAF)levels in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy(HIE),and explore the relationship between PAF levels and severity of brain damage. Method The levels of blood PAF and SOD were measured in neonates with HIE by radio immunoassay and compared with that of normal term neonates. Results Blood PAF levels were much higher in acute stage of HIE,and PAF levels increased with the severity of HIE.Blood SOD and platelets were much lower compared with PAF. PAF is negatively correlated to SOD and PLT.( r=-0.467 and r=-0.359,P

Objective To explore the immunologic changes and its immunologic mechanism in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy(HIE).Methods T lymphocyte subpopulation, serum interleukin 2 receptor (SIL 2R), interleukin 6(IL 6), interleukin 8 (IL 8), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF ?), nitric oxide (NO), immunioglobin(Ig), complement (C 3), the percentage of RBC C 3b receptor rosette(E C 3b RR), RBC immune complex rosette ( E ICR) and cerebral artery hemodynamics was tested in newborns with HIE and normal controls. The umbilical blood samples and peripheral blood samples were obtained at the time of 1 day, 3 days, 7 days, 12～14 days and 26～28 days after birth. Results Birth asphyxia and HIE were associated with under regulated immune function, which include:(1) T Cell population disorder. In HIE and control group, CD 3 +were(62?8)%vs(65?10)%,CD 4 +(39?7)% vs (46?8)%,CD 8 +(33?6)% vs (19?5)%,CD 4 +/CD 8 + ratio (1.8?0.7) vs (2.5?0.7) on 1 to 3 days after birth. There were no signficant difference in both group on 26 to 28 days after bith ). (2)The IgM and C 3 were decreased.(3)The cytokins were abnormal. (4) RI was negetively correlated with IL 6 ( r=-0.61,P

0.05).Conclusion A silent C161 T polymorphism of PPAR? gene might not be genetic markers of osteoporosis,which might not be employed to screen the high risk population of osteoporosis in Chinese women of Han nationality.

Objective To compare the clinical characteristics in primary hyperparathyroidism of different pathologic types through retrospective analysis of 280 cases diagnosed in PUMCH during 1958 to 2005.Methods Totally 280 patients were diagnosed as PHPT biochemically and proved by pathology.Serum PTH,TCa,P,25(OH)D,TRAP,plasma ICa,24 h urinary Ca and HOP were measured.Results M/F ratio was higher in carcinoma group(P

The paper analyzes the application advantages of information technology in medical informatics education.Takes Shanghai Sipo Polytechnic College as an example, it elaborates the specific application of information technology in medical informatics education, including immersion education based on 3D virtual reality technology, two-way video teaching and other aspects.It also gives solutions on current existing problems.

Objective To explore the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological resilience and perceived benefit of breast cancer patients.Methods From January to June in 2015,39 inpatients were enrolled as the control group,where routine nursing and functional exercise were carried out.From July 2015 to January 2016,41 inpatients were treated as the observation group,where acceptance and commitment therapy was implemented apart from the treatment for the control group.Before and after the intervention,the Conor-Davision resilience scale (CD-RISC) and the Chinese version of perceived benefits of diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer (PB-DTBC) were used for evaluation.Result After the intervention,the scores of psychological resilience and the perceived benefit of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group and before intervention (P＜0.01).Conclusion Acceptance and commitment therapy can effectively improve the psychological resilience and disease-perceived benefit of breast cancer patients.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical efficacy of focused ultrasound for treating non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of vulvar. Methods212 patients with non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of vulvar were treated with focused ultrasound. The patients were followed up after the treatment,and symptom was observed and the efficacy was evaluated. ResultsThe efficacy of non - neoplastic epithelial disorders of vulvar of squamous hyperplasia,lichen sclerosus and mixed dystrophy was 99.2％, 100. 0％, 88.9％ respectively, the difference was not significat (P ＞ 0.05 ). The efficacy in different courses of patients was 100.0％ ( ＜ 2 years), 100.0％ (2 ～10 years) ,91.3％( ＞ 10 years) respectively,the difference was not significat( P ＞ 0.05). ConclusionFocused ultrasound was obviously effective in the treatment of patients with non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of vulvar.

Objective To study the effects and mechanism of Octreotide to inhibit the proliferation of human gastric cancer cells in vitro . Methods Human gastric cancer cell line SGC 7901 was treated with Octreotide. Human fibroblast cell line HF and 5 FU were used as control. MTT assay and fluorescent microscopy as well as flow cytometry were performed in this study. Results Octreotide inhibited the growth of SGC 7901 in vitro within certain concentrations. The suppression was quantity dependent but did not occur when up to a certain concentration. There was no difference between Octreotide and 5 FU in their inhibition on SGC 7901. Octreotide had no effects on normal human fibroblast cell line HF. When SGC 7901 was treated with Octreotide, the typical apoptotic bodies were identified by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. Conclusion Octreotide can inhibit the proliferation of human gastric cancer cell line SGC 7901 in vitro . The induction of apoptosis by Octreotide might be the primary mechanism.

Objective To study the inhibitory effects of Probucol on the expressions of serum promatrix metalloproteinase-2(pro-MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2) in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods The levels of serum Pro-MMP-2 and MMP-2 were detected by zymograph and total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)were measured by enzyme method in 30 CHD patients before and after treatment with Probucol.Results After treatment of Probucol,the expression levels of pro-MMP-2,MMP-2,TC and LDL-C in serum were decreased than those before treatment,respectively;there were obvious differences of various indexes mentioned above between before and after treatment(P0.05).Conclusion Probucol can inhibit the expressions of pro-MMP-2 and MMP-2 in serum as same as TC and LDL-C.Probucol,as one of TIMPs,may be applied to stabilize plaque..