ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of entecavir （ETV） versus tenofovir alafenamide fumarate （TAF） on renal function in previously untreated patients with chronic hepatitis B （CHB）. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 167 previously untreated CHB patients who received ETV or TAF treatment for at least 48 weeks at the outpatient service of Department of Infectious Diseases in The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from September 2019 to November 2023， and according to the antiviral drug used， they were divided into ETV group with 117 patients and TAF group with 50 patients. In order to balance baseline clinical data， propensity score matching （PSM） was used for matching and analysis at a ratio of 2∶1， and the two groups were compared in terms of estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR） and the incidence rate of abnormal renal function at week 48. According to eGFR at week 48， the patients were divided into normal renal function group and abnormal renal function group. The independent-samples t test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups， and the chi-square test or the Fisher’s exact test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the influencing factors for abnormal renal function， and the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was used to assess the performance of each indicator in predicting abnormal renal function. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the cumulative incidence rate of abnormal renal function， and the log-rank test was used for comparison. The analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to compare the dynamic changes of eGFR during antiviral therapy in CHB patients. ResultsAfter PSM matching， there were 100 patients in the ETV group and 50 patients in the TAF group. There were no significant differences in baseline clinical data between the ETV group and the TAF group （all P>0.05）， with an eGFR level of 112.29±9.92 mL/min/1.73 m² in the ETV group and 114.72±12.15 mL/min/1.73 m² in the TAF group. There was a reduction in eGFR from baseline to week 48 in both groups， and compared with the TAF group at week 48， the ETV group had a significantly lower eGFR （106.42±14.12 mL/min/1.73 m² vs 112.25±13.44 mL/min/1.73 m²， t=-2.422， P=0.017） and a significantly higher incidence rate of abnormal renal function （17.00% vs 4.00%， χ²=5.092， P=0.024）. After the patients were divided into normal renal function group with 131 patients and abnormal renal function group with 19 patients， the univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences between the two groups in age （Z=-2.039， P=0.041）， treatment drug （ETV/TAF） （χ²=5.092， P=0.024）， and baseline eGFR level （t=4.023， P<0.001）， and the multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that baseline eGFR （odds ratio ［OR］=0.896， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 0.841 — 0.955， P<0.001） and treatment drug （OR=5.589， 95%CI： 1.136 — 27.492， P=0.034） were independent influencing factors for abnormal renal function. Baseline eGFR had an area under the ROC curve of 0.781 in predicting abnormal renal function in CHB patients， with a cut-off value of 105.24 mL/min/1.73 m²， a sensitivity of 73.68%， and a specificity of 82.44%. The Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that the patients with baseline eGFR≤105.24 mL/min/1.73 m² had a significantly higher cumulative incidence rate of abnormal renal function than those with baseline eGFR>105.24 mL/min/1.73 m² （χ²=22.330， P<0.001）， and the ETV group had a significantly higher cumulative incidence rate of abnormal renal function than the TAF group （χ²=4.961， P=0.026）. With the initiation of antiviral therapy， both the ETV group and the TAF group had a significant reduction in eGFR （F=5.259， P<0.001）， but the ETV group only had a significant lower level of eGFR than the TAF group at week 48 （t=-2.422， P=0.017）； both the baseline eGFR≤105.24 mL/min/1.73 m² group and the baseline eGFR>105.24 mL/min/1.73 m² group had a significant reduction in eGFR （F=5.712， P<0.001）， and there was a significant difference in eGFR between the two groups at baseline and weeks 12， 24， 36， and 48 （t=-13.927， -9.780， -8.835， -9.489， and -8.953， all P<0.001）. ConclusionFor CHB patients initially treated with ETV or TAF， ETV antiviral therapy has a higher risk of renal injury than TAF therapy at week 48.

This article systematically studied the moxibustion methods embedded in the 15 medical books of the Mawangdui medical literature. Starting from the origin of the medical moxibustion culture in Mawangdui， this paper comprehensively analyzed the records of moxibustion. By analyzing the Classic of Moxibustion to Eleven Foot-arm Channels （《足臂十一脉灸经》） and Classic of Moxibustion to Eleven Yin-yang Channels （《阴阳十一脉灸经》） as well as Formulas for Fifty-two Diseases （《五十二病方》）， which have relatively rich records of moxibustion， it is found that moxibustion involves more than 170 diseases and syndromes， covering 12 categories such as limb diseases related to meridians and collaterals， lung system diseases， and heart and brain diseases. In summary， the distinctive characte-ristics of moxibustion in Mawangdui medical books include primitive simplicity， combination of witch culture and medical practices， philosophical deduction， centripetal circulation， diverse moxibustion materials， extensive cove-rage of diseases and syndromes， taboos in moxibustion， and the integration of prevention and treatment. The ideas and applications of moxibustion mainly manifest in preventing diseases before they occur and preventing changes in existing diseases， distinguishing and treating each disease based on different causes， and combining treatment based on meridians， collaterals and comprehensive diseases.

Objective:To observe the efficacy and factors influencing sequential or combined tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) after treatment with entecavir (ETV) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with low-level viremia (LLV).Methods:126 CHB cases treated with ETV antiviral therapy in the Department of Infectious Diseases of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2020-September 2022 were retrospectively collected. Patients were divided into a complete virologic response (CVR) group ( n = 84) and a low-level viremia (LLV) group ( n = 42) according to the HBV DNA level during treatment. Clinical characteristics and laboratory indicators of the two groups at baseline and 48 weeks were analyzed by univariate analysis. Patients in the LLV group were divided into three groups according to their continued antiviral treatment regimen until 96 weeks: continued use of ETV as a control group; replacement of TAF as a sequential group; and combination of ETV and TAF as a combined group. The data of the three groups of patients were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance for 48 weeks. HBV DNA negative conversion rate, HBeAg negative conversion rate, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatinine (Cr), and liver stiffness test (LSM) were compared among the three groups after 96 weeks of antiviral treatment. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the independent factors influencing the occurrence of HBV DNA non-negative conversion in LLV patients at 96 weeks. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of predicting the occurrence of HBV DNA non-negative conversion in LLV patients at 96 weeks. Kaplan-Meier was used to analyze the cumulative negative rate of DNA in LLV patients, and the Log-Rank test was used for comparison. HBV DNA and HBV DNA negative conversion rates during treatment were observed dynamically. Results:Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in age, BMI, HBeAg positivity rate, HBV DNA, HBsAg, ALT, AST, and LSM at baseline between the CVR group and the LLV group ( P < 0.05). Univariate analysis of variance revealed no statistically significant difference among the three groups of LLV patients at 48 weeks ( P > 0.05). HBV-DNA negative conversion rate in the sequential group and the combination group was significantly higher than that in the control group after 96 weeks of treatment (88.89% vs. 41.18%, 85.71% vs. 41.18%, χ2 = 10.404, P = 0.006). HBeAg negative conversion rate was higher than that of the control group, with no statistically significant difference ( P > 0.05).Compared with the control group, ALT, Cr, and LSM in the sequential group and the combined group were equally improved to varying degrees, with a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05). Subsequent use of ETV and HBV DNA at 48 weeks were independent risk factors for HBV DNA positivity at 96 weeks in LLV patients ( P < 0.05). The AUC of HBV DNA at 48 weeks was 0.735 (95% CI: 0.578 ~ 0.891), the cut-off value was 2.63 log 10 IU/ml, and the sensitivity and specificity were 76.90% and 72.40%, respectively. DNA conversion rate was significantly lower in LLV patients receiving 48-week ETV and 48-week HBV DNA&ge;2.63 log10 IU/mL than in patients receiving sequential or combined TAF and 48-week HBV DNA < 2.63 log 10 IU/mL. HBV DNA negative conversion rates in the sequential group and combined group at 72 weeks, 84 weeks, and 96 weeks were higher than those in the control group during the period from 48 weeks to 96 weeks of continuous treatment, and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:Sequential or combined TAF antiviral therapy could more effectively improve the 96-week CVR rate, as well as hepatic and renal function, and alleviate the degree of hepatic fibrosis in CHB patients with LLV following ETV treatment. Subsequent use of ETV and HBV DNA load at 48 weeks were independent predictors of HBV DNA positivity at 96 weeks in LLV patients.

Clinical data of 3 pregnant women with primary hyperparathyroidism admitted in Jinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 2013 to 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed during pregnancy in all 3 cases. The clinical manifestations were non-specific, such as nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and fatigue. Patients also had gallbladder stones (1 case), gallbladder polyps (1 case), and renal parenchyma changes (2 cases). The hypercalcemia crisis occurred in all 3 cases, the blood Ca 2+ levels were 4.11 mmol/L, 2.92-3.82 mmol/L and 3.49-4.10 mmol/L, respectively; and preeclampsia developed in 2 cases. Sudden death occurred in case 1 who did not receive effective treatment during pregnancy; blood calcium was well controlled during pregnancy in case 2, and her neonate had hypocalcemia with good prognosis; case 3 underwent surgical treatment in early pregnancy, and then had missed abortion. Pathological examination revealed parathyroid tumors in all 3 cases.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation strategy guided by driving pressure on intraoperative intracranial pressure in patients with moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods:Total of 111 patients aged 18-65 years old, with BMI of 17-28 kg/m 2, ASA grade of Ⅲ-Ⅳ, and Glasgow coma score of 9-11 before operation were treated with evacuation of intracranial hematoma in emergency. The patients were randomly divided into 0 cmH 2O PEEP group (Group 0 PEEP), 5 cmH 2O PEEP group (Group 5 PEEP) and individualized PEEP ventilation group (Group P) guided by driving pressure. The volume control ventilation mode is adopted, VT is 6 mL/kg, FiO 2 is 60%, and the inspiratory expiratory ratio is 1:2. Patients in Group 0 PEEP and Group 5 PEEP were given PEEP 0 or 5 cmH 2O for ventilation after tracheal intubation until the end of the operation. Patients in Group P were given individualized PEEP titration ventilation strategy guided by driving pressure after intubation. Blood gas analysis was performed at 5 min (T1) after tracheal intubation, 60 min (T3) after operation, and 5 min (T4) after operation. PaO 2, PaCO 2, and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) were recorded. The optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) was measured before anesthesia induction (T0), after PEEP titration in group P (T2, 10 min after ventilation in group 0 PEEP and 5 PEEP) and at T4; Serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) concentration was measured by ELISA before and 1 day and 3 days after operation; The occurrence of nervous system complications (intracranial infection, intracranial hypertension, epilepsy, brain edema, etc.) within 30 days after operation was followed up. Results:Compared with group 0 PEEP and 5 PEEP, Cdyn and PaO 2 in group P increased at T3-4 ( P<0.05), ONSD was not significantly different among the three groups ( P>0.05), NSE in group P decreased significantly at 1 and 3 days after operation, and the incidence of neurological complications in the three groups was not significantly different at 30 days after operation ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Individualized PEEP ventilation strategy guided by driving pressure can help improve lung and brain function in TBI patients.

Objective: To investigate the genotypes of enteroviruses causing hand, foot and mouth disease ( HFMD ) in Shaoxing City, so as to provide insights into HFMD control. Methods: The anal and pharyngeal swab specimens were collected from HFMD cases under 14 years of age reported by sentinel hospitals of HFMD in Shaoxing City from 2018 to 2020. The enterovirus genotypes were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay and sequenced by BLAST, and the constitution and temporal distribution of enterovirus genotypes were descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 1 267 anal and pharyngeal swab specimens were collected from children with HFMD, and 661 specimens were positive for enteroviruses, with a positive rate of 52.17%. Among the 661 enterovirus-positive specimens, 70 specimens were tested positive for EV71 ( 5.52% ), 208 specimens tested positive for CoxA16 ( 16.42% ), 239 specimens tested positive for CoxA6 ( 18.86% ); 23 specimens tested positive for CoxA10 (1.82%), and 121 specimens tested positive for other 10 genotypes, including CoxA2, CoxA4, and CoxA5. The prevalence rates of EV71 were 14.08%, 0.72% and 1.84% from 2018 to 2020, and the detection of EV71 peaked during the period between April and July, 2018. The prevalence rates of CoxA16 were 10.98%, 26.57% and 11.98 from 2018 to 2020, and the detection of CoxA16 peaked during the period between April and August, and between November and December, 2019. The prevalence rates of CoxA6 were 10.50%, 14.73% and 30.88% from 2018 to 2020, and the detection of CoxA6 peaked during the period between May and December, 2020. Conclusions EV71, CoxA16 and CoxA6 were predominant enterovirus genotypes causing HFMD in Shaoxing City from 2018 to 2020, and the detection of CoxA6 appeared a tendency towards a rise.