Objective To evaluate the job burnout of the nurses in sterile laminar flow wards and offer proposals for improvements.Methods Forty nurses in sterile laminar flow wards were surveyed with MBI-GS.Results The scores of emotional exhaustion,cynicism,job inefficiency were higher after working in sterile laminar flow wards for 3 months than those working in general wards for 3 months.Conclusions The nurses in laminar flow wards are prone to have job burnout.Standardized training,humanized management and positive psvchological intervention can improve the job burnout of the nurses in laminar flow wards.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the status quo of pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance of hospital infection in intensive care unit,to provide evidence for the guidance of clinical rational administration and to decrease the hospital infection. METHODS Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from patients who suffered from hospital infection in intensive care unit from 2001 to 2004.K-B slip diffusion method was taken to carry out the sensitive test.Rate of drug resistance of the pathogenic bacteria was analyzed. RESULTS As the bacteria distribution,the highest isolated rate was 60.77%,which was isolated from the sample of respiratory tract.The main pathogenic bacteria were the Gram-negative bacilli(47.69%).And the second pathogenic bacteria were the mycetes(37.69%).The Gram-positive cocci(14.62%) occupied the third.The monitoring of the drug resistance showed that rate of the drug fast was rather higher.The detection rate of the meticillin-resistant staphylococci was 81.82%.The detection rate of the ESBLs from the Escherichia coli and the Klebsiella pneumoniae was 75.00% and 57.14%,respectively. CONCLUSIONS Intensive care unit is one of the highest risk departments for the hospital infection.Generally,the pathogenic bacteria are the multidrug-resistant ones.Enhanced monitoring on pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance analyses of hospital infection in intensive care unit could benefit for the guide of clinical rational administration,the depression of multidrug-resistant bacteria,and the decrease in hospital infection.

Objective To explore the effects of hyperlipidemia on serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) and C-reactive protein(CRP) in the patients with cerebral infarction(CI).Methods Testing the serum levels of MMP-9,CRP and triglyceride(TG) in 36 CI patients [with high level TG(n=18) and with normal TG(n=18)] and 17 normal controls(NC group).The relationship among the serum levels of MMP-9,CRP and TG were analysed.Results The contents of MMP-9,CRP and TG were significantly higher in CI patients with high level TG group than those in normal level TG group and NC group(all P

Objective To observe the changes of the levels of serum soluble vascular adhesion protein(sVAP)-1 and C-reactive protein(CRP) in patients with cerebral infarction(CI).Methods The levels of serum sVAP-1 and CRP were detected in CI patients at acute stage (ACI group,20 cases) and at convalescence (CCI group,21 cases).The results were compared with normal controls(NC group,21 cases).Results The levels of serum sVAP-1,CRP in ACI group were significantly higher than those in CCI group and NC group(all P

Background:Intrahepatic cholestasis is a commonly seen clinical manifestation, and often accompanied with jaundice.Study on clinical characteristics of patients with different degrees of jaundice is helpful for the acknowledge of intrahepatic cholestasis.Aims:To explore the clinical characteristics of intrahepatic cholestasis with jaundice.Methods:General data, biochemistry parameters, etiology and treatment of 703 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Jaundice occurred in 168 patients (23.9%), including 149 mild jaundice, 15 moderate jaundice and 4 severe jaundice.Levels of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, DBIL, TBIL, ratio of DBIL/TBIL, TBA were significantly increased in jaundice group than in non-jaundice group (P<0.05).Levels of ALT, AST, DBIL, TBIL, TBA were statistically different between groups with different degrees of jaundice (P<0.05), however, no significant differences in ALP, GGT, ratio of DBIL/TBIL were seen (P>0.05).The main etiology of intrahepatic cholestasis were digestive system tumors, cardiovascular diseases, shock, hematologic diseases and primary biliary cholangitis.Ursodeoxycholic acid and S-ademetionine were the main drugs for treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis.Conclusions:For patients with intrahepatic cholestasis, levels of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT are increased with the development of jaundice, and attention on damage of hepatocytes should be paid.The etiology of intrahepatic cholestasis with jaundice involves diseases of different organs and systems, most of them are malignant tumor, cardiovascular diseases, shock and primary biliary cholangitis.

this paper discussed that the concept of conformal model,the method,the request and the meaning of conformal model for radiotherapy.It is measured that the thickness of low-melting point lead is 6 cm for 60Coγ-ray,is 8 cm for 6 MV and 15 MV X-ray when transmision rate is lower 5%.

AIM:To investigate the effects of P34H gene silencing on the expression of P34H and activity of hyaluronidase (HYD) in mouse sperm.METHODS:The recombinant plasmid series of P34H targeted short hairpin RNA (shRNA) were constructed by GV248 plasmids vector.These recombinant plasmids were transformed into DH 5αcompetent cells, and the plasmids were taken from DNA sequencing analysis .The HEK293T cells were co-transfected with shRNA and lentiviral packaging plasmids .The 3 kinds of recombinant lentiviruses and negative control lentiviruses were used to in -ject into the mouse epididymis and the expression of P 34H at mRNA and protein levels was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively.The location of P34H protein on the mouse spermatozoa was determined by indirect immunofluo-rescent staining using P34H antibody.The positive rate and activity intensity of HYD was detected by modified sodium hya-luronate-gelatin membrane.RESULTS:DNA sequencing analysis confirmed that the 3 P34H-shRNA sequences were suc-cessfully inserted into the lentiviral vectors .P34H expression in epididymis tissue was significantly decreased at both mR-NA and protein levels compared with those of the non-transfected and normal control vectors (P<0.05).The GV-P34H-shRNA-1 played a significant role in reducing the percentage of P 34H positive rate and the activity of HYD in mouse sperm.The silencing effect did not significantly differ between the non-transfected and normal control vectors .CONCLU-SION:Silencing of P34H significantly inhibits the percentage of P 34H positive rate and the activity of hyaluronidase in mouse sperm.

Objective To evaluate the bacteriostasis of sulfamethoxazole(SMZ)combined with trimethoprim(TMP)against My‐cobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) in vitro ,so as to provide basis for clinical application .Methods The minimal inhibitory concentra‐tion(MIC) value of TMP/SMZ against MTB ,including standard sensitive strain(H37Rv) ,clinical sensitive strains(20 strains) and clinical multiple‐drug‐resistance strains(MDR ,30 strains) ,was detected by using MPP observation method .Results The MIC val‐ue of standard strain H37Rv was TNP(0 .5 μg/mL)+SMZ(9 .5 μg/mL) .The growth of 40 strains(accounted for 80% ) of clinical isolates ,including 17 sensitive strains and 23 MDR strains ,could be inhibited by TMP(1 μg/mL)+ SMZ(19 μg/mL) compound . Conclusion TMP combined with SMZ may has good antibacterial activity for strains of MTB in vitro .

Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of intedeukin(IL)-6, IL-15 and endometriosis (EM). Method The levels of IL-6, IL-15 in the peritoneal fluid (PF) and serum of 74 patients with EM (EM group) and 46 patients without EM (control group) were measured by double-an-tibody ELISA. Results Higher levels of IL-6 in PF and serum were observed in EM group [(1017.81±361.98) ng/L,(455.47±161.52) ng/L]than those in control group [(284.63±70.50) ng/L,(149.37± 43.09) ng/L], and there was significant difference (P<0.01). The levels of IL-6 in PF and serum in EM group with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ [(1253.44±189.63) ng/L, (556.50±93.34) ng/L]were significantly higher than those in patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ [(582.81±107.75) ng/L, (268.96±63.48) ng/L](P < 0.01). There was positive relationship between the levels of IL-6 in PF and serum (r=0.950, P=0.01). The levels of IL-15 in PF in EM group [(333.45±63.94) ng/L]were significantly higher than those in control group[(203.85± 70.52) ng/L](P<0.01). No significant difference was found in the levels of serum IL-15 between EM group and control group (P>0.05). No significant difference was observed either in the levels of IL-15 in PF and serum between patients with stsge Ⅲ-Ⅳ and stage of EM Ⅰ-Ⅱ (P>0.05). Conclusions The increase of IL-6, IL-15 in PF may contribute to the development of EM. Serum IL-6 levels are of clinical diagnostic value in patients with EM.

0.05). Conclusion In our samples, this two polymorphisms in A2M might play similar roles in the susceptibilities to PD and AD.