China ; General Surgery ; history ; History, 20th Century

Objective To investigate the role and expression of serum substance P (SP) in the patients with breast cancer.Methods The quantity of serum SP by using ELISA in 21 patients with breast cancer (breast cancer group) and 10 healthy women (control group) were detected,the data were analyzed according to AJCC guide line.Results The positive rate of serum SP in breast cancer group was significantly higher than that in control group [57.1％ (12/21) vs.0] (P ＜ 0.01).The level of serum SP in breast cancer group was significantly higher than that in control group [(240.14 ± 435.04) ng/L vs.(16.80 ± 11.74) ng/L](t =2.9852,P ＜ 0.01).There was no relationship between serum SP and estrogen receptor in the patients with breast cancer (t =0.1856,P ＞ 0.05).The level of serum SP showed significantly difference according to AJCC stages respectively (F =3.24,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The level of serum SP in the patients with breast cancer increase and may play a role in the progress of breast cancer.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant cancer in China. The size of HCC can be categorized into 4 grades: (1) micro-HCC, the diameter of the HCC is ≤2 cm; (2) small HCC, the diameter of the HCC is between 2 and 5 cm; (3) large HCC, the diameter of the HCC is between 5 and 10 cm; (4) giant HCC, the diameter of the HCC is > 10 era. The new classification helps to choose the appropriate methods and to analyze the curative effect for various kinds of HCC respectively. The resection of large and giant HCC is safe and feasible. During the past 20 years, we have modified and innovated some techniques of HCC surgery, including hepatectomy without dissecting the hepatic hilus, increasing the safety time limit of portal pedicle occlusion from 15-20 minutes to 20-60 minutes, in situ bepatectomy with occlusion of hepatoduodenal ligament and infrahepatic vena cava, and double hanging maneuver techniques. The techniques mentioned above improved the bleeding control of hepatectomy, and enhanced the long-term survival rate of HCC patients.

China ; Surgery/*history

A 4-year-old girl presented with generalized papules, erythema, desquamation, subcuta-neousnodules around large joints, as well as a 3-year-history of progressive eye damage. Three months after her birth, papules developed on the lower limbs, and gradually spread to involve the whole body. Eye damage appeared after a high fever and she was diagnosed with keratoleukoma, old iritis, and posterior synechia. Physical examination revealed sharply demarcated corneal opacity, shallow anterior chamber, obscure irides, and posterior synechia; pupils were not round. No superficial lymphadenectasis was observed. Dermatological examination showed ichthyosis-like coarse skin with generalized papules, erythema and desquamation, increased wrinkles and absence of sweat. Skin temperature was higher than normal. There were soft, irregu-larly sized, non-tender, movable subcutaneous masses at the wrist, ankle and knee joints without inflamma-tion or warmth. Type-B uitrasonography of both eyes disclosed vitreous opacification, posterior detachment of vitreous, extravasation at the posterior vitreous membrane, and decreased intraocular pressure. Histopathology of lesions on the back, waist, and back of hands as well as subcutaneous nodules on the wrists showed epidermal acanthosis and infiltration with a large number of histiocytes, foam cells and multi-nucleated giant cells in the dermis. No abnormal findings were observed from other examinations. This case was diagnosed as Blau syndrome, which is an autosomal dominant inherited disease; currently, there is no effective therapy for it.

Objective　To study the expression of 5 multidrug-resistant genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and establish the criteria for genetic diagnosis of multidrug resistance (MDR). Methods　The expression of mRNA and proteins of the multidrug-resistant genes were detected with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and flow cytometry (FC) respectively. IC50 of the original HCC cells was determined with MTT method. Results　MDR in HCC was associated with the genes of mdr1, MRP, LRP, Topo II α and GSTTP1. mdr1 mRNA ≥0.5, MRP mRNA ≥0.6, LRP mRNA ≥0.8, GSTP1 ≥0.7 and Topo II α mRNA ≤0.4 could be used as the criteria for genetic diagnosis of MDR in HCC. Conclusion　The complex MDR is the main form of drug resistance of HCC. Using RT-PCR to detect the mRNA expression of 5 multidrug-resistant genes is necessary and feasible for predicting sensitivity of chemotherapy for HCC.

Mental Health Law has specify the mental disorder patients’ informed consent right,but in practice, the problems,the mental health status of patients, namely the families’ right of subrogation exercise,“loss of self-control or deny having mental disorder”, have prevented the exercising of informed consent right. Therefore,it is necessary to effectively solve this plight of rebuilding a harmonious relationship between doctors and patients,estab-lishing mentally disordered patients’ right to advance directives, especially choosing the instrument of assessing the individual’ s capacity to consent.

Objective:The study focused on detecting the expression of Twist,HIF-1? and HBx in primary liver cancer(PLC) and assessment their relativity.Methods:The expression of Twist,HIF-l? and HBx in 33 cases of PLC and thein paracancerous tissues were examinated with immunohistochemical location technique.Seventeen health control subjects were included in the study. Results:The incidence of Twist,HIF-1?and HBx expression was 93.9%,72.7% and 81.8% in 33cases of PLC,respectively.The positive percentage of Twist in paracancerous tissues was 54.5%.A significant difference was found between the expression of tumor and paracancerous tissures (P

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of the 3-D surface reconstruction by multislice spiral CT(MSCT) technique in the diagnosis of impacted teeth in maxilla.Methods:Eighty two cases with impacted teeth in maxilla were examined with volumetric CT scan using MSCT,the dental reconstruction images were obtained with multiplanar reformation technique and 3D-reconstruction technique.Results:Dental surface 3D-reconstruction image could display the shape,location and eruption orientation of the impacted teeth clearly.Conclusion:3-D surface reconstruction by MSCT can provide valuable diagnostic and anatomic information of the impacted teeth in maxilla.

OBJECTIVE To provide evidence for decision on the risk factors of nosocomial infection in diabetes.METHODS To search CMBdisc and CHKD supplemented by information from trial registers,8 epidemiological studies on the risk factors of nosocomial infection on diabetes from 1997 to 2004 were analyzed synthetically by meta analysis.RESULTS Through analysis age,course,hospitalization days,blood sugar,wound check,and(antibiotics) utilization were of the significant statistical difference.Risk,sex and complication were of no significant statistical difference.CONCLUSIONS The factors of nosocomial infection on diabetes are age,course,(hospitalization) days,blood sugar,wound check,and antibiotics utilization.But this meta analysis only included domestic(papers).There need enough evidence to support the result and may justify further research.