Objective To study the effect of applicaton of the implanted artificial defecation control device (IADCD) in patients with lower rectal cancer. Methods The "radical resection aiming at achieving automatically controlled defecation" was performed in 32 patients with lower rectal cancer, On the basis of Mile's operation, the IADCD was implanted in those patients. Postoperatively, the defection control, psychological effect of the defecation mode on the patients, complications and adverse effects were observed. Results In treatment group (32 cases), satisfactory defecation control was achieved in 31 cases 1 month after the operation, and in another case 2 month after operation, and no obvious complications and untoward effects. In control group(16 cases), 8 cases had 1～2 times formed stool 3 months after operation, 4 cases achieved 6 months after the operation. Conclusions For patients with lower rectal cancer, the "radical resection aiming at achieving automatically-controlled defecation" could achieve the complete resection of lower rectal tumor and near to normal defecation without obvious untoward effects.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM: To investigate the expression and significance of Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) in chronic superficial gastritis.METHODS:The Wistar rats (n=30) were randomly divided into blank group, model group and control group.The Wistar rat model of chronic superficial gastritis was established by in-tragastric administration of 0.02%ammonia and long-term irregular diet.All rats were sacrificed, and gastric tissues were harvested and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.The expression of Lgr5 at mRNA and protein levels was analyzed by re-verse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:Lgr5 was mainly expressed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm.Lgr5 showed high expression in model group compared with blank group and control group.No obvious difference between blank group and control group was observed.CONCLUSION:Persistent in-flammation leads to increased expression of Lgr5.Lgr5 may be a proinflammatory tumor promoting factor.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of pathogens and risk factors of the catheterassociated infection (CAI) in emergency ICU (EICU) in order to design an appropriately therapeutic strategy for the future.Methods From January 2008 to December 2010,a total of 1363 patients were enrolled for this retrospective study.Blood sample taken from the vein with indwelling catheterization and the tips of catheters cut in 5 cm after withdrawn from the veins in 1363 patients were collected for bacterial culture.Results Of 1363 catheters,pathogens were found in 147 (10.79％) after venous catheterization.The daily occurrences of CAI were 3.05 ones per 1000 catheters.Of 147 cases of infection,46.94％ pathogens were gram-negative bacilli,40.14％ gram-positive cocci,and 12.92％ fungi.Unconditional Logistic regression analysis suggested that repeated catheterization,femoral vein catheterization,the application of multi-lumen catheter and long-term indwelling catheterization were the independent risk factors responsible for CAI.Conclusions The risk factors responsible for catheter related infections should be controlled to prevent the occurrence of nosocomial infection.

Objective To evaluate the application value of domestic image‐guided radiotherapy system XGS‐10 made in Weidu medical company limited in intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma .Methods A total of 30 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cases with intensity modulated radiatiotherapy by Varian accelerator were incorporated into the study .All patients ac‐cepted image‐guided radiotherapy system XGS‐10 of Chongqing Weidu medical company limited to obtain frontal images and CBCT to obtain CT images respectively .The images were matched with the planning images and target center ,then got the linear set‐up errors of left to right (X) ,superior to inferior (Y) ,and anterior to posterior (Z) ,and the time of acquiring and matching was recor‐ded .Results The correlation of both two instruments′setup errors in X ,Y ,Z direction is good ,the difference of setup errors was within the acceptable range ,and was not statistically significant (P>0 .05) .the time of acquiring images was (15 ± 2)s and that of matching images was (20 ± 2)s by XGS‐10 ;the time of acquiring images was (120 ± 8)s and that of matching images was (240 ± 10)s by Varian CBCT .Conclusion The setup error of XGS‐10 of intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma was equal to CBCT ,but the time of acquiring and matching time of XGS‐10 was shorter than that of CBCT ,which could shorten the positioning time and reduce radiation dose for patient .As a result ,it is conducive to real‐time clinical radiotherapy guidance .

Objective To evaluate clinical application of thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and its diagnostic value.Methods FNAB was performed for 782 cases during 2005-2009 at China-Japan Friendship Hospital,Beijing and their clinical pathological data were retrospectively analyzed.Cytopathological diagnoses by FNAB were classified as unsatisfactory,benign,atypical cellular lesions,follicular neoplasm,suspicious malignancy and definite malignancy.Results of thyroid cytological and histological examinations of 76 patients with subsequent thyroidectomies were compared to those with FNAB to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy.Results Of 782 FNAB specimens,74.4 % (582/782) were classified as benign,2.6 % (20/782) as malignant,5.6 % (44/782) as follicular neoplasm,3.2 % (25/782) as atypical cellular lesion,2.9% (23/782) as suspicious malignancy and 11.3 % (88/782) as unsatisfactory.Among 76 patients with thyroidectomies,65.8 % of them (50/76) were histologically diagnosed as benign lesion,28.9 % (22/76) as definite malignancy and only 5.3 % (4/76) as benign follicular adenoma.Agreement between FNAB cytological diagnoses and histologically confirmed diagnoses for benign lesion and malignancy was 16/16 and 16/17,respectively.Conclusion FNAB is a reliable diagnostic method for evaluation of thyroid nodules.

Objective To analyze the genetic variation among white hair black eyes (WHBE) rabbit, Japanese white ( JW) rabbit and New Zealand white ( NZW) rabbit using random amplified polymorphic DNA ( RAPD) technique . Methods Thirty rabbits (male/female 1∶1) of each strain were used in this study.The genomic DNA was extracted from 90 rabbits.Sixty arbitrary primers were used to amplify DNA of rabbits with RAPD-PCR method.Based on the preliminary experiments , polymorphic primers were selected to analyze the genetic variation among the three rabbit strains .The experi-mental data were analyzed using Popgene 3.2 software.Results (1) Twenty-five polymorphic primers were selected among 60 arbitrary primers.493 amplified fragments were detected ranging from 100 bp to 1800 bp.Sixteen primers among 25 arbitrary primers could not only amplify the common DNA bands of 3 rabbit breeds , but also amplify particular alleles in the WHBE rabbit.(2) 234 RAPD sites were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis in WHBE rabbit , among which 166 sites were polymorphic , accounting for 70.94%.228 RAPD sites were detected by agarose gel electrophoresis in the JW rabbit, while 122 sites of them were polymorphic , accounting for 53.51%.231 RAPD sites were detected by agarose gel e-lectrophoresis in the NZW rabbits , with 94 sites being polymorphic, accounting for 40.69%.(3) The Shannon genetic di-versity index of WHBE rabbit, JW rabbit and NZW rabbit was 0.3385, 0.2222 and 0.1905, respectively.(4) The genet-ic similarity between JW rabbit and NZW rabbit was highest among the three rabbit breeds (0.8443), followed by that be-tween WHBE rabbit and JW rabbit (0.8204), and the genetic similarity between WHBE rabbit and NZW rabbit (0.7862) was the lowest .Conclusions Our results demonstrate that there are both genetic similarities and genetic variations among WHBE rabbit, JW rabbit and NZW rabbit .The RAPD technique can be used to delect the genetic relationships among dif-ferent breeds and different individuals of the same breed of rabbits .

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of primary thyroid lymphoma(PTL) and its prognostic factors.Methods Clinical and pathological data of 7 cases diagnosed as primary thyroid lymphoma were retrospectively analyzed.Results All of the 7 patients were diagnosed on thyroidectomy and presented with thyroid nodules,of whom 6 cases were middle-aged to elderly women and some had locally oppressive symptoms.Four cases were diagnosed as diffuse large B non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (DLBCL) and 3 were mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue B-cell lymphoma (MALT).Pathological subtype of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue B-cell lymphomas and younger patients had better prognosis.Conclusion The possibility of PTL must be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules in middle-aged to elderly women.Age and pathological subtype are important prognostic factors.

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) is a rare, invasive extra nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) that is commonly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). ENKTL is the commonest to men with no apparent immunodeficiency in Asia and South America. Except for EBV, no environmental or external factors are associated with tumorigenesis. The precise mechanism by which EBV infects NK or T cells and the role of the virus in the pathogenesis of ENKTL has not been fully deciphered. However, many recent discoveries have been identified, including disorders of cell signaling and mutations in tumor suppressor genes, which provide insight into the pathogenesis of ENKTL. Moreover, NK/T cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma generally has a poor prognosis, and research on its prognostic factors is still ongoing. This article focuses on the pathogenesis and prognostic factors of ENKTL, and attempts to provide direction for improving patient outcomes.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of fine-needle aspiration(FNA) for thyroid nodules.Methods The cytological and histological results of 74 patients who had undergone FNAs for thyroid nodules,followed by thyroidectomy,were compared to evaluate the accuracy of cytological diagnosis of thyroid FNA and analyze the common causes of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis in thyroid cytopathology.Results Benign lesions were histologically diagnosed in 48 patients(65%),malignant tumors in 22 cases(30%) and benign tumors in 4 cases(5%).Cytological diagnosis of benign and malignancy was confirmed histolopathologically in 96% and 94%,respectively.Fifteen discrepant cases came mainly from the group of FNA diagnosis of follicular neoplasm,and the discrepancies resulted mainly from cytodiagnostic errors and overlapping cytological features between adenomatoid nodule and follicular neoplasm.Conclusion Despite some limitations,thyroid fine-needle aspiration is a reliable diagnostic method of assessing thyroid nodular disease,especially in differentiation of benign lesion and malignant lesion.

Objective: To learn the levels of thyroid hormone indicators among interventional and diagnostic radiologists, so as to provide insights into occupational health monitoring of radiologists. Methods: Demographic information, body mass index (BMI), thyroid hormone indicators and cumulative individual doses over 5 years among interventional and diagnostic radiologists were collected through the personal dosimetry monitoring database of Ningbo Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Occupational Health Examination Center of a tertiary hospital in Ningbo City. The thyroid hormone indicators of different job types and cumulative individual doses over 5 years were analyzed, and factors affecting the thyroid hormone indicators were identified using a multivariable ordinal logistic regression model. Results: There were 159 interventional and 159 diagnostic radiologists included, and the proportions of abnormal thyroid hormone indicators were 9.43% and 12.26%, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (P>0.05). The levels of triiodothyronine and free triiodothyronine in interventional radiologists were lower than those in diagnostic radiologists [(1.54±0.41) vs. (1.68±0.34) nmol/L, (5.13±1.07) vs. (5.55±0.87) pmol/L; both P<0.05]. The levels of triiodothyronine and free triiodothyronine were significantly different among radiologists with cumulative individual doses over 5 years of <1.5 mSv, 1.5-<3.0 mSv and ≥3.0 mSv [(1.69±0.31), (1.69±0.40) vs. (1.52±0.41) nmol/L, (5.60±0.83), (5.32±0.94) vs. (5.14±1.09) pmol/L; both P<0.05]. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis identified BMI (<18.5 kg/m2, OR=0.111, 95%CI: 0.028-0.436) and cumulative individual doses over 5 years (<1.5 mSv, OR=6.259, 95%CI: 2.368-16.547) as the factors affecting triiodothyronine, and job types (diagnostic radiologists, OR=3.171, 95%CI: 1.529-6.574), BMI (18.5-<24.0 kg/m2, OR=0.393, 95%CI: 0.184-0.842), and gender (men, OR=3.449, 95%CI: 1.294-9.190) as the factors affecting free triiodothyronine. Conclusion Occupational exposure has a certain impact on the thyroid hormone indicators among interventional and diagnostic radiologists, and the main influencing factors include BMI, radiation dose, job type and gender.