Decoy receptor 3,tumor necrosis factor receptor 6B or called TR6,is a newly member of tumor necrosis receptor superfamily.It plays very important roles in tumor immunity,autoimmunity,transplantation immunity,and anti-infection immunity by modulation of apoptosis and activity and differentiation of immunocytes.The current advance in molecular immunology of decoy receptor 3 was reviewed.

BACKGROUND:Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels are from the umbilical cord of newly born individuals and have no ethical issues, and therefore are promising candidates for seeded cels as a substitute for cel transplantation and regenerative medicine. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of serum from liver injury rats on induced differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels into hepatocyte-like cels and provide experimental evidence for use of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels in the treatment of patients with end-stage liver disease in the clinic. METHODS: Rat models of acute liver injury were established by intraperitoneal injection of 10% carbon tetrachloride. Rats in the control group were intraperitonealy administered the same amount of soybean oil. Forty-eight hours after modeling, abdominal aorta blood was taken for serum preparation. Passage 3 human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels were cultured with 20% serum from liver injury rats and 20% fetal bovine serum. Morphology of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels was observed before and after culture. Levels ofα-fetoprotein and albumin in the supernatant were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Cels exhibited shuttle-shaped appearance and grew in whirlpool-like manner at 1 day after culture with serum from liver injury rats, exhibited short shuttle-shaped appearance at 2 days, were oval-shaped at 3 days, and were round and an extremely smal number of cels were floated at 4 days. At 4 days after culture with serum from liver injury rats, level of albumin in the cel supernatant was significantly increased than that before induction and that in the control group (P< 0.001), and there was no significant difference in level of α-fetoprotein in the cel supernatant. These results suggest that serum of liver injury rats can induce differentiation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cels into hepatocyte-like cels.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of selective arterial chemotherapy after radiotherapy for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (stageⅢ,Ⅳa). Methods Sixty patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma were randomized to receive either combined elective arterial chemotherapy and radiotherapy (IACT group, 30 patients) or combined general intravenous chemotherapy and radiotherapy(IVCTgroup, 30 patients). Four weeks after radiotherapy, the effect of two methods was compared. Results The efficiency rate and the 1-year local disease control rate were 93.33 %, 92.86 % in IACT and 70.00 %, 71.43 % in IVCT, respectively. There were outstanding differences between the two groups(P

Objective To clone,express and identify the nuclear antigen Sm B′in E. coli to establish a new assay for detecting autoanti-body to Sm B′. Methods A full length cDNA of Sm B′was cloned from cell line HL-60 by RT-PCR. The PCR product was TA cloned and sequenced and inserted into the vector pGEX-5T. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21. The positive clones were identified by restricted enzymes and induced by IPTG. The expression product was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Results The PCR product was about 700 bp in size which was in accordance with predicted 657 bp and sequencing result showed consistent with the sequence in GenBank. The pGEX-5T-Sm B′positive clone produced a 51 000 kD of fusion protein which was immunoreac-tive with anti-Sin B′confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Conclusion The successful cloning and expression of nuclear antigen Sm B′laid a foundation for further research work.

Objective To approach the brain protective effect and mechanism of Sini decoction on rats with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) syndrome.Methods Fifty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into sham operation group (n = 10), CPR model group (n = 20) and Sini decoction treatment group (n = 20) by random number table. The rat models were established by trachea clipping to induce cardiac arrest, and after heart beat stopped for 5 minutes, CPR was carried out. In the Sini decoction group, Sini decoction 5 g/kg was given through a stomach tube, once per 24 hours, while in the sham and CPR model groups, the same amount of normal saline was given by the same method at the same time. Venous blood was collected before CPR and 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after CPR, and the levels of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent test (ELISA); after CPR for 72 hours, the rat brain tissue was obtained from all the groups, the content of caspase-3 in brain tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry method, and its protein expression caspase-3 was detected by Western Blot; the apoptosis situation of brain tissue was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated duTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).Results With the prolongation of time, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in CPR model and Sini decoction groups showed a tendency firstly increased and then decreased, IL-6 reached its peak value after resuscitation for 24 hours, while TNF-α reached its peak value after resuscitation for 48 hours, and both IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased after resuscitation for 72 hours ; beginning from 6 hours after resuscitation, the levels of serum IL-6 (ng/L: 61.79±1.31, 62.49±1.42 vs. 21.48±0.79) and TNF-α (ng/L: 48.32±1.98, 25.32±1.96 vs. 18.34±2.45) in CPR model and Sini decoction treatment groups were all significantly higher than those in sham group, since 12 hours after resuscitation, the level of IL-6 was significantly lower in Sini decoction than that in CPR model group (ng/L: 70.41±2.21 vs. 88.32±1.59), and since 6 hours after resuscitation, TNF-α was obviously lower in Sini decoction group than that in CPR model group (ng/L: 25.32±1.96 vs. 48.32±1.98, allP < 0.05), both IL-6, TNF-α persisting to 72 hours after resuscitation, and their levels did not return to normal at the end of experiment in the two groups. After the end of resuscitation, the content and protein expression of caspase-3 and rate of cell apoptosis in the brain tissue in CPR model group were significantly higher than those in the sham group [caspase-3 content (A value,×103): 2.59±0.26 vs. 1.57±0.06, caspase-3 protein (gray value): 0.80±0.08 vs. 0.43±0.04, apoptosis rate: (2.01±0.08)% vs. (0.26±0.02)%, allP < 0.05], above indexes in the Sini decoction treatment group were significantly lower than those in the CPR model group [caspase-3 content (A value,×103): 1.89±0.08 vs. 2.59±0.26, caspase-3 protein (gray value): 0.57±0.02 vs. 0.80±0.08, apoptosis rate: (1.03±0.05)% vs. (2.01±0.08)%, allP < 0.05).Conclusion The Sini decoction has a protective effect on rats with post-resuscitation syndrome, and its mechanism is possibly realized by the inhibition of inflammatory factors and reduction of cell apoptosis.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of Zika virus disease,and to improve its prophylaxis and treatment.Methods The first case with imported Zika virus disease in China was retrospectively reported and analyzed.The literature of Zika virus infection in human was reviewed.Results This patient was the first case with imported Zika virus disease in China who presented with typical clinical characteristics and had clear epidemiological history.All the contacts were test negative for Zika virus nucleic acid.Literature retrieval showed evidence of Zika virus propagation in more than 40 countries in Africa,Asia,and Americas.The majority of patients presented with mild symptoms and the main prevention measures included mosquito control and improved awareness of personal protection.Conclusions Human infected with Zika virus often shows recessive infection.Only a small part develop disease and have generally good prognosis with supportive treatment.

Objective To establish a new assay for detecting autoantibody Jo-1, cloning and expressing human autoantigen Jo-1 in E.coli.Methods A full length cDNA of human autoantigen Jo-1 was cloned from cell line HL-60 by RT-PCR. The PCR product was TA cloned, sequenced and inserted into the carrier pGEX-5T.The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL-21. The positive clones were identified by restricted enzymes and induced by IPTG. The expression product was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.Results The PCR product was about 1 500 bp in size which was in accordance with predicted 1 526 bp and sequencing result showed the same with GenBank′s report.The pGEX-5T- Jo-1 positive clone produced a 75 000 fusion protein which had natural immunogenicity of human autoantigen Jo-1 by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.Conclusion Successfully cloning and expression of human autoantigen Jo-1 laid a foundation for further research work.

Objective To collect the data of present basic constructive situation of intensive care units (ICUs) in second and tertiary grade hospitals in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and to provide a data base beneficial to the construction of ICUs in the whole region.Methods The information including basic situation of ICUs in a total of 49 second and tertiary grade hospitals as samples in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were investigated by questionnaire survey from December 2012 to April 2013. The contents of questionnaire chiefly included the basic situations of hospitals, ICU constructions, ICU human resources and allocation of equipments.Results Forty-nine questionnaires were sent out, and all of them gave answers, the recovery rate being 100%. In the whole region of Xinjiang, there were 49 second and tertiary grade hospitals with establishment of 66 various types of ICUs. ① Medical unit basic situation: the second grade A hospitals accounted for 59.2%, and the tertiary grade A hospitals, 34.7%. There was a larger proportion of local hospitals (67.3%); most of the hospitals had beds over 500 (57.14%), the designed hospital bed number was 41 403, and 35 442 beds were open up for service (85.60%). ② The ICU basic construction situation: the construction of ICUs concentrated mainly after the year 2000, from 2000 to 2010, a total of 37 units, and from 2010 to 2012, 12 units were constructed; when they opened to the public, the beds were relatively few, and the ICUs containing less than 10 beds occupied 79.00%. In the 66 ICUs surveyed, there were 43 general ICUs, accounting the largest proportion, followed by 7 emergency ICUs, and the least were 1 neurosurgery and 1 cardiac surgery ICU. In the 66 ICUs, all together 765 beds were prepared, but actually 808 beds were opening up to public; most of ICUs had 5 - 20 beds, accounting for 71% in all the ICUs. At present, in the whole Xinjiang region, the rate of beds in ICUs in various grades of hospitals opening to the outside for use accounted for more than 80% of which 56% ICUs were almost turning round fully. ③ ICU human resources situation: totally, there were 484 doctors in ICUs in the whole region, the ratio of full-time doctor to nurses was 1:3.50, the ratio for bed to physician 1:0.55 and the ratio for bed to nurse 1:0.92. The title of doctor was primarily resident, and the various title gradient levels were good. Most doctors graduated from a regular medical college, and the doctors having obtained a master degree were few. The physician professional backgrounds were mainly critical disease medicine, emergency medicine and respiratory medicine, the professional relevance being good; the chief way of ICU physicians to engage in advanced study of their professional training was in China, and generally they joined professional continuing education programs poorly, mostly joining once a year or non at all. The physicians who obtained the identification of Chinese critical care medicine specialist accounted only for 23.56%. ④ ICU equipment allocation situation: according to the requirements of ICU construction guidelines, the equipments must be allocated including bedside monitors (703 units), ventilators (516 units) and infusion pumps (702 units), occupying the highest proportion. In the optional equipments, there were enteral nutritional pump (89 stations), blood glucose monitoring device (57 units) and anti-decubitus mattresses (54 units), the proportion being the largest, bispectral index monitor (2 units), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO, 1 table) and gastric mucosal carbon dioxide tension pHi meter (0 unit), the proportion being the least or non at all.Conclusions In the whole Xinjiang region, the construction of ICUs is still at the developing stage, and needs to further strengthen the standardized construction. The human resources, equipments, etc. are not distributed in balance, and it is necessary to move forward the adjustment to benefit the development of ICUs in the whole region.

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI)in hepatitis B virus (HBV)related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF)patients,and to explore the impact of AKI on the prognosis of ACLF.Methods The medical records of 227 patients who were diagnosed with HBV-related ACLF at the Department of Infectious Diseases in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2015 to August 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.Patients were divided into AKI group and non-AKI group based on the AKI criteria published by International Club of Ascites in 2015 .Demographic and clinical data were compared between groups.The AKI incidence and its impact on patients’prognosis were analyzed.The comparison of continuous variables was done by t test or rank-sum test.The comparison of categorical variables was done byχ2 test or Fisher exact test.AKI risk factors were analyzed by using logistic regression.Results There were 66 (29.1 %)cases were diagnosed with AKI among 227 ACLF patients,among which,45 patients (68.2%)were stage Ⅰ,14 (21 .2%) were stage Ⅱ and 7 (10.6%)were stage Ⅲ.Age,cirrhosis,concentrations of total bilirubin and albumin,international normalized ratio (INR),percentage of neutrophils,MELD scores and spontaneous peritonitis rate (SBP)were all statistically different between AKI group and non-AKI group (all P <0.05).The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that only INR (OR=3.132,P =0.001 )and SBP (OR=4.204,P =0.001 )were the independent risk factors of AKI.The optimal cut-off value for INR was 2.025 with AUROC of 0.609 (P =0.01),sensitivity of 59.1 % and specificity of 62.1 %.The 30-day mortality of AKI group was significantly higher than non-AKI group (χ2= 18.324,P < 0.01). Conclusions AKI is relatively common in patients with ACLF.The risk factors of AKI are INR and SBP. AKI has significant impact on the short-term survival rate of ACLF.Therefore,physicians should pay attention to patients with INR of ACLF at admissions and SBP during the management so as to prevent the occurrence of AKI and to reduce the fatality of ACLF.

Objective To establish a new rat model of perinatal brain damage. Methods Wistar rats were randomized into 3 groups: lipopolysaccharide （LPS） plus hypoxia (H) group: 17 d pregnant rats exposure in utero to LPS followed by hypoxia; hypoxia (H)/ ischemia (I) group: postnatal day 7 (P7) pups ligated the right common carotid artery followed by exposure to hypoxia (8% O2 ) for 2 h; control group: P7 pups incised the anteriorl cervical skin only. The footprint analysis, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and pathological observation were performed after 4 weeks. Results The left limb footprint repeatability of rat in HI and LPS plus H groups was poorer than that in control group （P<0.05）. The hindlimb quadriceps CMAP of rats in HI and LPS plus H groups showed that the wave amplitude was lower than that in control group （P<0.05）. The periventricular cells were irregular, and the periventricular leukomalacia was seen. The morphous of the neurocytes was irregular obviously, part of the nuclear membranes was broken down with the content leakage under transmission electron microscope. Conclusion The animal model for cerebral palsy has established, that mimics more the occurrence of this disease in human.