BACKGROUND:The form and structure of antigen-extracted xenogeneic cancel ous bone through series of physical and chemical treatment are similar to human tissue. OBJECTIVE:To detect the biocompatibility of antigen-extracted xenogeneic cancel ous bone matrix prepared by three different ways. METHODS:The antigen-extracted xenogeneic cancel ous bone scaffold materials which were prepared through physical, chemical and physical-chemical combined methods and hydroxy apatite biological ceramic materials were implanted into the dorsum subcutaneous tissue. Histological observation was done at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgery. The antigen-extracted xenogeneic cancel ous bone scaffold materials which were prepared through physical, chemical and physical-chemical combined methods respectively was used to culture sheep bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for 7 days. Cel adhesion, growth, proliferation and stroma secretion were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At 4 weeks after surgery, a strong inflammatory reaction was detected around materials in four groups. At 12 weeks, the xenogeneic bone materials prepared through physical and physical-chemical combined methods and hydroxy apatite biological ceramic materials internal pore and surrounding tissue inflammation disappeared basical y, with the presence of thimbleful inflammation cells. The material degradation was more than at 8 weeks. The xenogeneic bone materials prepared through chemical methods material internal pore and surrounding tissue inflammation stil existed, suggesting that the xenogeneic bone materials prepared through physical and physical-chemical combined methods exhibited good histocompatibility. A smal amount of orderly osteoblasts existed around hydroxy apatite biological ceramic materials and physical-chemical prepared materials, with a smal amount of bone. These suggested that there was a tendency for ectopic bone formation. The xenogeneic cancel ous bone materials prepared through physical or physical-chemical combined methods have better cytocompatibility. However, scaffold materials prepared through chemical method have poor cytocompatibility and they are not qualified for the safety standards of biological materials.

Objective To analyze the results of inhaled allergens detection in children with allergic rhinitis(AR)in Changzhou ar-ea and the distribution situation of allergens in different age groups.Methods The levels of serum allergen specific IgE antibodies in 473 children cases(aged 1-12 years)of allergic rhinitis(AR)were detected by the Allergy Screen allergen screen system.The children cases were divided into the infants group(0-3 years old),preschool children(4-6 years old)and school age children(7 -12 years old)according to age.The allergen positive rates and the change tendency were compared among different age groups.Re-sults Among 473 children cases of allergic rhinitis,340 cases(71.9%)were positive.The top three allergens were house dust mite (55.6%),mixed fungi(25.8%)and house dust(18.8%).The positive rate of allergen showed the upward trend with the age in-crease.The distribution of house dust mite(χ2 =21.061,P =0.000),house dust (χ2 =15.111,P =0.000)and the cat and dog dan-der(χ2 = 7.597,P = 0.022 )was statistically significant among the three groups.Single allergen positive rate was the highest (38.5%)and the secand was double allergens(23.7%).The top three positive in single allergens was consistent with sort of total allergen positive rate.The most common double allergen was the combination of house dust mites and house dust.The multiple al-lergen positive rate had statistical significance in the distribution among groups(χ2 =13.399,P =0.001).Conclusion The inhaled allergens of AR children in Changzhou area are dominated by house dust mite,mixed fungi and house dust.The positive rate shows the increasing trend with age increase.The allergen constituents are different in different age groups.The positive single allergen is most common,followed by positive double allergens.

Objective To establish a new,rapid,simple and reliable assay for detecting autoantibody SSB.Methods A new dot immunogold filtration assay(DIGFA) was developed,in which the recombinant SSB protein expressed in Pichia pastoris was bound to nitrocellulose(NC) membrane and colloidal gold-labeled staphylococus protein A(SPA) was used as an indicator.Results The sensitivity and specificity of DIGFA were 100% and 98.75%,respectively.The agreement between DIGFA and ENA dot assay was 99.01%.Conclusion DIGFA for detecting autoantibody SSB is a good,rapid,simple and accurate assay for clinical diagnosis.

Clinical teaching mode based on the theory of empowerment is a combination of the theory of em -powerment and clinical teaching activities .It emphasizes a student -centered philosophy .By empowering students in clinical teaching , the teachers can continuously stimulate the students 'initiative and thereby give full play to the students'potential.Starting from a discussion on of cases in clinical teaching , this thesis builds an effective student -leading mode of clinical teaching based on the theory of empowerment , tries to construct a clinical teaching theoretical system based on the theory of empowerment and explores strategies for practice , in order to improve clinical teaching effectiveness and promote reform in clinical teaching education .

Objective To analyze the detection of lymph node in normal human and patients with gastric cancer by helical CT.Methods Helical CT examinations of upper abdomen were performed in 88 normal person and 106 patients with gastric cancer.The detection of lymph nodes were analyzed.Results There was obvious difference in the detecting rate of lymph node by helical CT between normal and gastric cancer cases.The total detecting rate of lymph nodes by helical CT was 39.7%,while for metastatic nodes was 69.2%.Conclusion The density increase of lymph node is important to its CT detecting rate.CT detecting rate of lymph node has significance correlation to gastric cancer.High attention much be paid to detecting lymph node of lymphatic drainage area of gastric cancer.

Objective To observe the change of brain iron content in deep gray nucleus using susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) in patients with Parkinson's diseases (PD). Methods The SWI examination was performed in 40 PD patients (10 patients with Hoehn-Yahr stage Ⅰ , 9 patients with Hoehn-Yahr stage Ⅱ , 9 patients with Hoehn Yahr stage Ⅲ , 6 patients with Hoehn-Yahr stage Ⅳ, 6 ptients with Hoehn Yahr stage Ⅴ ) and 33 gender- and age- matched controls, after conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging examination on a 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging.The signal values of substantia nigra zona compacta (SNc), substantia nigra zona reticulate (SNr),red nucleus (RN), putamen (Pu), globus pallidus (GP) and caudate nucleus (CN) were assessed.Results Compared with the controls, the PD patients had statistically significance of signal value differences of SNc (P=0.002), SNr (P=0.043). RN (P= 0.003), Pu (P=0.023). GP (P=0.001) andCN (P=0.033). The more significant differences of SNc(P=0.001), SNr (P=0.010),RN (P＜0. 001 ), Pu (P=0. 008), GP (P＜0. 001) and CN (P=0. 011) were observed between more severe PD lesion and control. The signal values of SNc and GP showed obviously negative correlations with Hoehn-Yahr grading (SNcr=-0.943. P＜0.001; GPr=-0.923, P＜0.001). But there was weakly correlation of the signal values of SNr, RN, Pu, CN with Hoehn Yahr grading (SNr r=0. 496. P=0.001; RN r=-0. 480. P=0.002; Pu r=-0. 494, P=0.001; CN r=-0.471, P=0.002) Conclusions Measurement of the brain iron content of SNc and GP using SWI on MRI is a reliable means of diagnosing PD, and it has significant correlation with Hoehn-Yahr grading, It could evaluate the severity of PD.

Objective To perform calibration verification for the blood glucose test in Hitachi and Olympus automatic biochemistry analyzers and present a method of calibration verification and evaluate the results.Methods The glucose test results were divided into two groups:Hitachi and Olympus groups according to the different analytical instruments.The calibration verification was performed following the current College of American Pathologists strategies.The slope and intercept of the calibration line were tested by one-sample t test and the percentage differences were calculated.The percentage differences were compared with allowable errors.If the slope and intercept had no statistically significant difference from 1 and 0 respectively and the percentage differences were within the limits of allowable errors,the calibration line was evaluated as verified 1 ; if the slope and intercept had no statistically significant difference from 1 and 0 respectively and at least one of the percentage differences exceeded the limits of allowable errors,the calibration line was evaluated as different 1 ; if the slope or intercept had statistically significant difference from 1 and 0 respectively and the percentage differences were within the limits of allowable errors,the calibration line was evaluated as verified 2; if the slope or intercept had statistically significant difference from 1 and 0 respectively and at least one of the percentage differences exceeded the limits of allowable errors,the calibration line was evaluated as different 2.Results In Hitachi group,verified 1,different 1,verified 2 and different 2 were 5.4％ ( 4/74 ),0.0％ ( 0/74 ),68.9％ ( 51/74 ) and 25.7％ ( 19/74 ),respectively.In Olympus group,verified 1,different 1,verified 2 and different 2 were 16.4％ (12/73),0.0％ (0/73),58.9％ (43/73) and 24.7％ ( 18/73 ),respectively.Conclusions The current College of American Pathologist strategies could be performed as a reasonable and feasible method for calibration verification.Most of participating laboratories ( 74.8％,110/147 passed the assessment of calibration verification.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after bone trauma.Methods The study involved 118 patients with traumatic fractures (traumatic fracture group),21 DVT patients diagnosed by color Doppler (DVT group) and 56 healthy patients (control group).Anti-cardiolipin antibody (ACA) was determined by ELISA method.D-dimer and fibrinogen (Fib) were detected by coagulation analyzer and C-reactive protein (CRP) by rate nephelometry.Results Levels of D-dimer,Fib and CRP in traumatic fracture group were significantly increased,but were lower than those in DVT group.ACA positive rate in DVT group presented significant increase and three patients with positive ACA in traumatic fracture group all suffered from DVT.The positive rates of Fib,D-dimer and CRP in lower limb fracture group,multiple fracture group and pelvic fracture group were higher than those in upper limb fracture group (P ＜ 0.05).Levels of Fib and D-dimer showed gradual rise with growth of age,but their levels in DVT group had different degree of reduction after thrombolytic therapy.Conclusions Positive ACA and enhancement of D-dimer,Fib and CRP are risk factors for DVT after bone trauma.Levels of Fib and D-dimer in patients with bone trauma are related with age and therefore risk of posttraumatic DVT increases with age.

Objective To preliminarily evaluate the performance of glucose detention reagents with three kinds of different chro-mogens and to investigate their anti-interference performance according to NCCLS document.Methods According to the protocol EP10-A2 provided by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards(NCCLS),the samples with low,middle and high level of glucose were detected by the glucose reagent kits with 3 kinds of different chromogens.The bias,total imprecision,inter-cepts,slope rates,nonlinearities,carryover rate and drifts were calculated.The interference evaluation test was performed according to the document EP7-A2.Results The bias and total imprecision of three kinds of reagent kits were all within allowed ranges.No statistically significant differences were showed in intercepts,slope rates,nonlinearities,carryover rate and drifts.1450 turbidity chyle,5 g/L hematoglobin and 0.03 g/L vitamin C did not interfere with the assay of three kinds of glucose reagent kits with differ-ent chromogens.342 μmol/L free bilirubin,342 μmol/L conjugated bilirubin did not interfere with the detection of reagent with MAOS.Conclusion The glucose detention reagents with three different chromogens have good accuracy and precision,and various performance indexes all conform to the clinical application requirements,reagent with chromogen MAOS is better than other chro-mogenic reagents in the anti-interference performance.

Objective To compare the outcomes of TOT and TVT procedure treating female intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD).Methods From May 2010 to September 2015,42 stress urinary incontinence (SUI) patients whose abdominal leak point pressure was less than 60 cmH2O were enrolled in this study.Thirty-five patients were followed up.The mean age was (56.8 ±10.5) years,with a range of 30-80 years.The mean history was(10.5 ± 9.1)years,with a range of 4 months to 30 years,with 26 (74.3％) of them being postmenopausal,5 (14.3％) having a history of pelvic surgery,and no pelvic organ prolapsed or hormone replacement.All of them were randomly divided into 2 groups to undergo either TVT operation (13 cases) or TOT operation (22 cases).The baseline characteristics of the two groups including age,length of history,urodynamic parameters and scale scores showed no significant difference.The scales including urinary incontinence severity score (UISS),detrusor instability score (DIS),Quality of Life Scale Evaluation (I-QOL),lower urinary tract symptoms affect score (UDI-6) were used.The outcomes between TVT group and TOT group were compared.Result After procedure,patients in TVT group got a lower UISS score than TOT group(17.2 ± 2.2 vs.17.7 ± 3.1),and their severity of urinary incontinence improved significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Patients from TVT group got a lower DIS score than TOT group (12.6 ± 4.2 vs.14.2 ± 3.5),and their detrusor instability symptoms improved more significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Patients from TVT group got a higher I-QOL score than TOT group(17.5 ± 14.5 vs.16.1 ± 13.0),and their quality of life improved more significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Patients from TVT group got a lower UDI-6 score than TOT group (10.1 ± 3.0 vs.11.2 ± 3.4),and their lower urinary tract symptoms improved more significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Urinary incontinence of female ISD patients were improved greater by TVT than TOT procedure.