Objective:To study the microwave-assisted extracting method for magnolol and honokiol in Magnolia offcinalis Rend et Wils.Methods:The orthogonal design was used to study the extraction method of magnolol and honokiol.The contents of them were determined by HPLC.The methanol water glacial acetic acid(85:15:0.25)was used as a mobile phase.The flow rate was 1.0ml/min,the detection wavelength was 294nm and the column temperature was 23℃.Results:The condition of 75%ethanol with the middling power of microwave,extracting for 4 minutes and ratio of materials to liquid 1:40 was the optimal extracting method.The extracting rate of honokiol and magnolol was 92.33%,73.59%.The RP-HPLC for determining method was simple,rapid and accurate.Conclusion:The extracting and determining method was practicable for magnolol and honokiol in Magnolia offcinalis Rend et Wils.

Objective: To study the quick extraction and determination of icariin in Herba Epimedii.Methods: The orthogonal design and ASE300 system were used to study the extraction method of icariin.The content of icariin was determined by HPLC.The methanol water glacial acetic acid(60∶40∶0.25) was used as a mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0ml/min,the detection wavelength was 270nm and the column temperature was 41℃.Results: The optimal extraction conditions were: 50% alcohol and extracting one times for twenty minutes each time at 70℃.The extracting rate of icariin was 93.15%.The RP-HPLC for determining method is simple,rapid and accurate.Conclusion: The extraction and determination methods are practicable for icariin in Herba Epimedii.

Clinical teaching mode based on the theory of empowerment is a combination of the theory of em -powerment and clinical teaching activities .It emphasizes a student -centered philosophy .By empowering students in clinical teaching , the teachers can continuously stimulate the students 'initiative and thereby give full play to the students'potential.Starting from a discussion on of cases in clinical teaching , this thesis builds an effective student -leading mode of clinical teaching based on the theory of empowerment , tries to construct a clinical teaching theoretical system based on the theory of empowerment and explores strategies for practice , in order to improve clinical teaching effectiveness and promote reform in clinical teaching education .

Survivin is the most recent member of the IAP family, which shows a higher expression in almost all tumor cells, but not detected in most normal cells. Our attention is drawn by survivin due to its selective expression, which was taken as one molecule sign of tumor cells. Accordingly, survivin is examined in most leukemia cell line and leukemia specimen, whose expression also showed the association with leukemia. As in other tumor cells, survivin also plays an important role in the leukemogenesis. Meanwhile the detection of survivin can provide an useful prognosis information. This article is a brief overview of the development of survivin and its relationship with leukemia.

To study injurious effects on rabbit lung from rapid decompression, slow decompression and the rapid decompression were used in two respective groups consisting of 30 rabbits. Slow decompression did not bring about obvious lung injury, but the lung injury in different severity occurred after rapid decompression. The greater the decompression peak value was, the more severe lung injuries was. These results indicated that rapid decompression could inflict lung injury, and the main cause of lung injury might be the temporary high pressure in lungs induced by rapid decompression, leading to over expansion of the alveoli and strong impact of the lung on the chest wall

[Objective]To observe the therapeutic efficacy of low temperature deposited allogenic skin for cutting of the compartment syndrome.[Method]sixty-eight patients suffering from the fracture of limb or electrical injuries and complicated compartment syndrome were elected.The patients were divided into experimental group and control group.Low temperature deposited allogenic skin was used for the cutting of the open decompression in the experimental group.Petrolatum gauze was used in the control group.The analgesic effect,dressing times,local effusion and wound ihealing time were observed after operation.[Result]The pain value,dressing times and local exudation in the experimental group had a significant decrease when compared with the control group(P

Objective To explore the method of laparoscopic splenectomy and pericardial devascularization . Methods Hand - assisted laparoscopic megalosplenic resection and portozygos disconnection (HLMRPD) was perfor medin 2 patients with portalhy pertension and hypersplenism from August 2 0 0 1to May 2 0 0 2 . Results Theoperation was completedsucces sfully in both patients.The intraoperative blood losswas 30 0ml and 35 0ml,respectively ,and the operation time ,2 35 min and 2 6 5 min ,respectively .Both patients recovered smoothly without posto perative complications . Conclusions HLMRPD is a safe ,minimally invasive and effective procedure.

Objective To study changes in ACE, LDH and AKP in BALF and blood after rapid decompression in rabbits. Methods Thirty healthy New-Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into low decompression group and rapid decompression group. The respective activity of ACE, LDH and AKP in BALF and blood of rabbits was measured. Results Various degrees of increase in activity of ACE, LDH and AKP in BALF were observed after rapid decompression. Conclusion The simultaneous enhancement of activity of these enzymes suggest that there was injury to the lung consistent with the degree of injury after rapid decompression.

Objective To study the effect of rapid decompression on ultrastructure of the lung in rabbits. Methods Thirty healthy New-Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into low decompression group and rapid decompression group. The pulmonary ultrastructure of rabbits was observed with transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results In rabbits of the rapid decompression group, a number of pathological changes were found, such as disruption of cell membrane structure of types Ⅰ and Ⅱ alveolar cells, loosening of intercellular linkage, edematous mitochondria, expanded rough endoplasmic reticulum, engorged capillary of alveolar wall, edematous capillary endothelium cells, and increased capillary permeability. These changes became especially obvious when the decompression peak value was above 9.8 kPa. Conclusion Rapid decompression could inflict injury to the lung, which was aggravated with the increase of the decompression peak value.

Objective To observe physiological and ultrastructure changes in rabbits breathing various contents of oxygen during exposure to high altitude. Methods Twenty healthy rabbits were randomly divided into air-breathing group, 63% oxygenbreathing group, 83% oxygenbreathing group and pure oxygen breathing group. All rabbits were exposed to an atmosphere corresponding to an altitude of 11 000m in hypobaric chamber for 30min. The amount of air bubble in the heart and ECG of rabbits were recorded, the ultrastructural changes in the heart and brain were examined, and the expression of kidney erythopoietin (EPO) was also observed. Results The amount of air bubbles in the air breathing group was increased remarkably, and most of the rabbits developed arrhythmia. With the increase of oxygen concentration, the changes in ultrastructure were alleviated and the expression of kidney EPO decreased. Conclusion Oxygenconcentration above 80% could provide obvious protection for rabbits during their exposure to high altitude.