ObjectiveTo analyze the levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9 ) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with central nervous system (CNS) infection caused by different pathogens.MethodsThe levels of MMP 9 in CSF were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 10 patients with tuberculous meningitis in both acute phase and recovery phase,10 purulent meningitis,10 cryptococeal meningitis,10 viral encephalitis and 10 controls.The differences among the groups were compared by t test. The correlations between MMP-9 levels and the cell count,glucose, chloride, and protein in CSF were analyzed by Spearmanrank correlation.ResultsThe CSFMMP-9levelsingroupsoftuberculousmeningitis, purulentmeningitis,cryptoeoccal meningitis and viral encephalitis were (569.46±162.42),(182.79±99.06),(54.69±19.93) and (18.52±10.31) ng/mL,respectively,which were all significantly higher than that in controls (3.51± 1.53) ng/mL. There were significant differences between tuberculous meningitis group and other groups (t=2.925,3.041,3.237,3.454;P0.0340,0.0270,0.0080 and0.0001,respectively). Moreover,in tuberculous meningitis group,the MMP-9 level in acute phase was (569.46±162.42) ng/mL,which was significantly higher than that in recovry phase (294.30+89.06) ng/mL.The CSF level of MMP-9 in tuberculous meningitis group was positively correlated with CSF protein (r=0.509,P=0.044),negative correlated with CSF glucose (r=-0.451,P=0.008) and chloride (r=-0.637,P=0.007),but no correlation with CSF cell count (r=0.308,P=0.246). And there were no correlations in other groups. ConclusionsMMP-9 level in CSF increases significantly in patients with tuberculous meningitis and purulent meningitis,which can be used as a marker of CNS infection.Dynamic monitoring of thc CSF level of MMP-9 may be meaningful for the diagnosis and treatment.

Objective:To study the effect of simvastatin on PTHrP stimulated osteoclastic resorption of murine calvarium and bone anabolism in vitro. Methods:Osteoclasts were isolated from bone marrow of Balb/C mice,cultured and identified.Calvaria of the new born Balb/C mice were cultured with PTHrP at 45 ng/ml and/or simvastatin at 10~ -7 -10~ -5 mol/L for 8 d.Ca~ 2+ and ALP in the culture supernatent were measured by atom spectrophotometer and automatic biochemical analyzer respectively.The bones were examined histologically.Results:Simvastatin at 10~ -7 -10~ -5 mol/L inhibited osteoclast formation and the osteoclastic bone resorption stimulated by PTHrP in vitro and reduced the release of Ca~ 2+ from the cultured osteoclasts in a dose-dependent manner. Simvastatin increased the ALP activities and bone mineralization of murines calvaria cultured in vitro. Conclusions:Simvastatin may inhibit the osteoclasric resorption stimulated by PTHrP and promote bone mineralization in vitro.

ObjectiveTo analyze the symmetry of multifocal visual evoked potential (mfVEP) between both eyes in normal subjects. Methods The monocular mfVEP of both eyes in thirty-six normal subjects (72 eyes) was tested with VERIS Science 4.0. The stimulus was the pattern reversal dart array consisted of 60 sectors each included 16 black-white reverse patterns. The visual stimulation was controlled by the binary pseudo-random m-sequences and subtended approximately 25 degrees. Results There existed no statistically significant difference of P1 latencies and amplitudes between correspondent quadrant visual field of both eyes. The data difference of the ipsilateral quadrant visual fields was greater than those of the correspondent quadrant visual field. The comparison among four quadrant visual fields in right eye or left eye each showed that there was statistically significant difference of P1 latencies between the superionasal quadrant visual field and inferiotemporal or inferionasal quadrant visual fields. Conclusions The symmetry of normal mfVEP is more dominant in retina than that in visual cortex.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of multifocal visual evoked potential (mf-VEP) in healthy individuals, and provide normal reference values for its clinical application. Methods The mf-VEP of 37 healthy individuals (70 eyes) were examined by VERIS Science TM 4.0. The visual stimulus was a dart board with patterns consisted of 60 patches spanning a 25? visual field. The length of m-sequence was 2 14-1. The results were recorded by bipolar occipital straddle. The signal was amplified 100 K and was put through a band-pass filter between 3 and 100 Hz. The first slice of the second order kernel was analyzed by VERIS software. The summed responses of fields with different stimulus were analyzed and compared according to different ages, genders and eyes. Results The latencies and response densities of amplitude had statistically significant differences both in dimidiate and quartered field(P 0.05). Conclusions The mf-VEP of healthy individuals can reflect the VEP at different field locations objectively with its specific physiological characteristics, which may provide normal reference values for its clinical application.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of artesunate (ART) on cell differentiation and cell cycle distribution of the prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in vitro. METHODS: PC-3 cells were cultivated with ART from logarithmic growth phase. After 48-hour treatment, the cell cycles were detected by flow cytometry (FCM), and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the level of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in cell culture supernatant. The change of cellular morphology was observed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM). RESULTS: In comparison with the blank control group, the rate of G(0)/G(1) plus S stages of PC-3 cells was significantly decreased in the high-dose ART group. The PC-3 cell was arrested in G(2)/M by ART. The rates of G(2)/M of the high-dose ART group and the medium-dose ART group were obviously higher than those of the blank control group and the cisplatin group (P<0.05). The levels of PSA in the three ART groups were significantly lower than that of the normal control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). In the ART groups, TEM showed that some vacuoles appeared in endochylema, cell polarity was enhanced, cell nucleus leaned to one side of the cell, and microvilli increased on the other side of the cell. CONCLUSION: ART can induce PC-3 cell cycle arrest and differentiation in vitro.

Diabetic cognitive impairment is one of the chronic complications of diabetes,and the pathogenesis has not yet been fully clarified. In recent years, more and more studies of CID showed that the changes of NMDA receptor and subunits NR2A and NR2B might be important during the period of the diabetes,and they are associated with the mechanism of cognitive impairment. This article makes a summary on these researches so as to lay the foundation for a further study.

Objective To determine the influencing factors of post-stroke depression by machine learning.Methods Stroke patients' medical records (688 cases eligible) were extracted from record system,including age,gender,pulse manifestation,complexion,tongue quality,fur,Chinese medicine intervention,body mass index (BMI),blood pressure,blood glucose,blood triglyceride,blood total cholesterol,smoking history,drinking history,depression family history,stroke lesion site in imaging,as well as the final depression judgment.Single rule algorithm (1R) was adopted to learn.The risk factors influencing post-stroke patients' depression in extracted information were determined.Then the cases collected were divided into the training dataset (500 cases) and the test dataset (188cases).Optimal discriminant results were obtained by random forest model.Results Single rule algorithm showed that the most important influencing factor of post-stroke depression was stroke lesion site.By computer speculation,stroke lesions in the frontal and temporal lobes were most prone to post-stroke depression.Basal ganglia,brain stem,cerebellum,medulla oblongata and occipital lobe lesions were less likely to cause depression.The accurate classification rate could amount to 88.95％ (612/688 cases).Random forest model determination was made in the former 500cases in the training dataset.The total correct rate of determining depression was 98.2％.The total correct rate of determination in 188 cases of the test dataset was 99.47％.Six hundred and eighty-eight patients' data were learnt by random forest model.The total correct rate was 98.84％.The importance measure results showed that top 3 important indexes of post-stroke depression were lesion site,Chinese medicine intervention and depression family history.Conclusion Patients with lesions in the frontal & temporal lobes and depression family history were most prone to post-stroke depression.

Objective: To explore the risk factors in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) combining atrial ifbrillation (AF) and to identify the predictive factors for AF recurrence after cardio version. Methods: A total of 246 CHF patients treated in our hospital were divided into 2 groups: CHF+AF (AF) group,n=71 and CHF without AF (Non-AF) group,n=175. The baseline information was recorded. The risk factors for AF occurrence were screened by Logistic regression analysis. There were 66 AF patients with successful cardio verse and they were followed-up for 18 months, the predictors for AF recurrence were studied by Cox regression analysis. Results: The baseline information showed that age, CHF duration, left atria diameter (LAD), the levels of BNP, uric acid and serum creatinine in AF group were all higher than those in Non-AF group, allP<0.05. Logistic regression analysis presented that age (RR=1.89, 95% CI 1.08-3.31,P<0.05), CHF duration (RR=1.35, 95% CI 1.05-1.74,P<0.05), BNP level (RR=1.82, 95% CI 1.30-2.53,P<0.01), LAD (RR=1.51, 95% CI 1.09-2.08,P<0.05) were the risk factors for AF occurrence. Cox regression analysis indicated that BNP level (RR=1.30, 95% CI 1.09-1.54,P<0.01) and LAD (RR=1.74, 95% CI 1.30-2.34, P<0.01) were the predictors for AF recurrence. Conclusion: The elder age, longer CHF duration, increased BNP level and LAD were the risk factors for AF occurrence in CHF patients. The increased BNP level and LAD were the objective predictors for AF recurrence after cardio version.

Objective: By the bibliometrical analysis and evaluation of acupuncture theses on auricular acupoint sticking from 2005 to 2014, the analysis was processed from multiple aspects including the types and numbers of diseases and effective rates of various diseases, in order to objectively reflect the general situation of clinical application of ear point embedding method in the recent years. Methods: By the bibliometrical analysis, the literature on auricular acupoint sticking in the recent ten years was counted up, analyzed and categorized. Results and Conclusion: Auricular acupoint sticking is used clinically for diseases of 16 systems, including 130 diseases. 74 diseases were singularly treated with auricular acupoint sticking, including the advantageous disease category like insomnia, constipation and obesity, and secondary advantageous disease category like dysmenorrhea, myopia, allergic rhinitis, post-operative pain and acne vulgaris.

[Objective]This study was designed to determine growth inhibition of diallyl trisulfide(DATS)in human prostate cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and further to investigate the mechanism underlying such effect.[Methods]Growth inhibition by DATS was estimated by the tetrazolium(MTr)assay.Apoptosis induction in DATS-treated cells was assessed by fluorescence microscopy analysis of cells with condensed and segmented nuclei following staining with DAPI and flow cytometric analysis of cells with sub-G1 DNA content following staining with propidium iodide.Protein levels of apoptosis regulating proteins were determined using western blot.The activity of caspase-3 was measured using a colorimetric assay.[Result]DATS showed tumor growth inhibition in a time-and dose-dependent manner,IC_(50) of DATS was 14 μmol/L at 72 h.DATS evoked apoptosis as confirmed by cell morphology and by the analysis of flow cytometry.The expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL,the apoptosis-suppressing proteins,was more down-regulated.The activity of caspase-3 was enhanced by DATS.[Conclusion]DATS inhibits growth of prostate cancer cells by inducing apoptosis in association with down-regulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and activation of caspase-3.