Objective To discuss the effect of polysaccharides from Tegillarca granosa as an adjuvant on pcDNA3.1?Sj26GST vaccine against Schistosoma japonicum infection. Methods Sixty SPF BALB/c mice were divided into four groups randomly(15 mice each group),including a control group,a polysaccharides group,a vaccine group,and a vaccine plus poly?saccharides group. In the 0,2th and 4th week of the experiment,the mice in the above four groups were immunized for 3 times with 100μl PBS,100μg polysaccharides from Tegillarca granosa,100μg Sj26GST vaccine,and 100μg Sj26GST vaccine plus equivalent polysaccharides,respectively. Two weeks after the last immunization,all the mice were infected with 40 ± 1 Schistosoma japonicum cercariae through the skin of the abdomen. After the infection for 6 weeks,all the mice were sacrificed, and their serums,livers and the adult worm of Schistosoma japonicum in them were collected,the specific sera IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA,and the worm reduction rates and egg reduction rates in the liver were calculated. Results Six weeks after the infection,the IgG antibody levels of the mice in the vaccine group and the vaccine plus polysaccharides group were 18.26 ± 0.42 mg/ml and 20.21 ± 0.89 mg/ml respectively,the difference between them were statistically significant,and both of the IgG levels of the above groups were significantly higher than those in the control(both P<0.05). The worm reduction rate and egg reduction rate in the vaccine group were 28.60%and 35.84%,respectively,and the rates in the vaccine plus polysac?charides group were 38.04% and 49.74%,respectively,the differences between the worm reduction rates and egg reduction rates were both statistically significant(both P<0.05). Meanwhile,the two rates in the two above groups were all significantly higher than those in the control group(all P<0.01). Conclusion Polysaccharides from Tegillarca granosa using as an adju?vant can increase the protection effect of pcDNA3.1?Sj26GST vaccine against Schistosoma japonicum infection.

We reported a case of adult Drosophila melanogaster parasitized in nasal cavity of a 81-year-old woman who was living in Xuancheng City, Anhui Province now. She was admitted for treatment of cerebral infarction and water accumulation in the lungs in 2014 June. The patient was also suffering from secretory otitis media, a history of hypertension and heart stents were placed in 2007. A foreign body was found in the left nasal cavity during the preoperative examination process, and then the part of the inflammatory tissue was removed through the nasal endoscopy, and sent to our department for identification. There are three adults of Drosophila in paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens. The parasites length is approximately 3mm, with huge red compound eyes. The end of the body is tip, with 5 ring lines in back, has no dark spots. The abdomen of the parasites have seven sections. Tarsus of foot I have no sex comb on base, and they are male adult of Drosophila melanogaster after identification. After a thorough reviewing of medical history, we knew the patient began to sneeze violently and frequently six years ago. But there was no clear or purulent nasal discharge flowing, therefore did not attract attention. After removing the parasites the sneezing symptoms were relieved, and had no abnormal symptoms in the follow-up 6 months.
Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Drosophila melanogaster ; growth & development ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; diagnosis ; parasitology ; Humans ; Male ; Nasal Cavity ; parasitology

Objective To investigate the histological distribution of phenol oxidase (PO) in body of Oncomelania hupensis. Methods Oncomelania hupensis snails collected from the riverside of Wuhu section of the Yangtze River were anatomized and the unimpaired software organs were sliced in frozen condition to get the continued sections, then the sections were incubated in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer containing 25 mmol/L catechol at 37 ℃ and investigated systematically for histological distribution of PO in snail bodies. Results The light microscope showed that there were black grannles of PO (histochemical reaction) in the liver, ctenidium, head-foot, tentacle and mantle collar of snail body. Conclusion PO exists in Oncomelania hupensis and locates in the liver, mantle collar, head-foot, tentacle and ctenidium.

Objective To prepare biodegradable microspheres of Schistosoma japonicum recombinant glutathione-S-transferase. Methods By using the constructed expression plasmid pET28a(+)-SjGST, fusion protein of Schistosoma japonicum recombinant glutathione-S-transferases were expressed in LB by E.coli BL21,rSjGST fusion protein was purified through column of resin,and then the fusion protein concentration was detected; by using an oil-in-oil emulsion-solvent extraction method, the rSjGST biodegradable microspheres were prepared in PLGA (75/25).The properties of microspheres including shape、diameter、diameter’s distribution and span were assayed under microscope. Results The concentration of protein after purification was 8.323 mg/ml, and the microspheres were spherical and showed normal distribution.The diameter was (7.3?1.2) ?m,the span was 0.52,the load of the rSjGST was 7.62%. Conclusion Biodegradable microspheres of Schistosoma japonicum recombinant glutathione-S-transferase are successfully prepared, which provides the basis for further studies on protective immunity of mice.

Objective To detect the dynamic changes of antibody and cytokines in the serum induced by single vaccine delivery system (SVDS) of biodegradable microspheres of recombinant glutathione-S-transferase from Schistosoma japonicum (rSjGST) in mice. Methods By using the constructed expression plasmid pET28a(+)-SjGST, rSjGST was expressed by E.coli BL21. After purified through the column of resin,the biodegradable microspheres of rSjGST were prepared with PLGA (Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid, PLGA 75/25).Six-week BALB/c female mice were immunized subcutaneously with a single vaccine, and the blood was collected from eyes on the 6th, 9th, 12th, 15 th, 18th, 21th week respectively. The dynamic levels of serum specific antibody IgG, IL-2 and IFN-? were detected. Results Compared with the control group, there was a significant difference of serum specific antibody IgG of every immune group (P

Objective To determine the viability of Schistosoma japonicum cercariae by staining. Methods Schistosoma japonicum cercariae were stained by 0.4%trypan blue 0.5%methylene blue?eosin?borax M.E.B 0.5%eosin 0.5%methy?lene blue and 0.05% neutral red respectively for 5 min then they were observed under a stereoscopic microscope. Results The dead cercariae were stained in the trypan blue M.E.B eosin and neutral red but unstained in the methylene blue. The vi?tal cercariae were unstained in all the five kinds of dyes. Conclusion The staining methods by using 0.4% trypan blue 0.5%M.E.B 0.5%eosin and 0.05%neutral red can be used to determine the viability of S. japonicum cercariae.