Atopic dermatitis is a complex chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease.Atopic dermatitis in children is usually less severe than in adults, but it is with a high incidence and is susceptible to relapse.Therefore, the physical and mental health of children and their family maybe seriously affected.In the past, the treatments of atopic dermatitis have been limited to glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants.It is unsafe for children because of their toxicities.With the in-depth understanding of pathogenesis, more and more new therapies that focus on intervening in the inflammatory pathway by targeting specific cytokines or their receptors have been found and applied.This article reviews the progress of treatment of the disease to provide new insights for the optimal treatment of atopic dermatitis.

0.05). However, incidences of VRS paining grade, nausea and vomiting in Z-type stainless steel stent group were significantly higher than Ni-Ti alloy mesh stent group (P 0.05). All patients in both groups did not have general toxicity and hypersensitivity reaction, and they had normal cell component, number and form of hematopoieticsystem. CONCLUSION: Both Z-type stainless steel stent and Ni-Ti alloy mesh stent are suitable for alleviative treatment of advanced esophageal cancer; however, side effects induced by Ni-Ti alloy mesh stent is less than by Z-type stainless steel stent in an early postoperative stage.

Objective To investigate the role of spinal glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signal pathway in rats with morphine tolerance.Methods Forty healthy male SD rats aged 8-10 weeks weighing 300-350 g in which intrathecal (IT) catheters were successfully implanted without complication were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =10 each):control group(group C) received IT injection of normal saline 10 μl twice a day for 7 consecutive days; morphine tolerance group(group M) received IT injection of morphine 10 μg twice a day for 7 consecutive days; dexamethasone (a GR agonist) group( group DEX)received IT injection of dexamethasone 4 μg 30 min before IT injection of morphine,twice a day for 7 consecutive days;RU38486(a GR blocker)group (group R) received IT injection of RU38486 2 μg 30 min before IT injection of morphine,twice a day for 7 consecutive days.Tail-flick test was measured once a day after first IT administration and 1 d after the end of IT administration,and the percentage of maximum possible antinociceptive effect (MPAE)was caculated.After the last measurem of tail-flick test,the spinal dorsal horns were removed for determination of PI3K,Caspase-3 expression and Akt activity.Results Morphine tolerance developed in groups M,DEX and R,but did not develop in group C.Compared with group C,Akt activity was decreased,PI3K expression was downregulated and Caspase-3 expression was up-regulated in group M (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group M,MPAE and Akt activity were decreased,PI3K expression was down-regulated and Caspase-3 expression was up-regulated in group DEX,and MPAE and Akt activity were inecreased,PI3K expression was up-regulated and Caspase-3 expression was down-regulated in group R (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Spinal cord GR is involved in morphine tolerance by inhibiting PI3K/Akt signal pathway.

Anti-angiogenic drugs such as bevacizumab can effectively alleviate the patients′brain edema and clinical symptoms and improve the patients′life quality by reducing vascular permeability and the blood-brain barrier damage.Bevacizumab has got positive efficacy in the clinical,so that it is considered as an effective and safe treatment for malignant brain edema.

Objective:To observe the conditions of isolation,purification and culture of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) in vitro derived from human umbilical cord,and to observe the repairing effect on experimental hepatic fibrosis in rats by transplantation with MSCs only or MSCs with IL-10.Methods:The MSCs derived from human umbilical cord were isolated,purified and cultivated in vitro.The model of hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4 was established.After the model of hepatic fibrosis was succeeded,the rats were divided into three groups:model group,MSCs transplantation group,MSCs transplantation with IL-10 group.MSCs transplantation group was given 1×106 MSCs by the tail vein injection at the first 1 weeks,2 weeks and 3 weeks.MSCs transplantation with IL-10 group not only was given MSCs the same with MSCs transplantation group, but also was injected of IL-10 ( 4 μg/kg ) in abdomen, 4 times a week.After 4 weeks,the rats were executed,rats blood was collected to observe the changes of liver function and the index of liver fibro-sis.The liver HE staining was carried out to observe the changes of liver pathology.Expression of MMP-2 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR method,expression of TGF-βprotein was detected by Western blot method.Results:The rat liver function and the index of liver fibrosis improved obviously with a significant difference between model group , MSCs transplantation group and MSCs transplantation with IL-10 group after transplanting,MSCs with IL-10 was better than MSCs only.Liver tissue of rats with hematoxylin eosin staining suggested,liver fibrosis was obviously improved,and the MSCs transplantation with IL-10 group was best.MMP-2 mRNA expression was significantly higher between normal group and model group,MSCs transplantation group with a significant difference (P<0.05),MMP-2 mRNA expression was higher with a no significant difference between model group and MSCs transplantation with IL-10 group ( P>0.05).TGF-βprotein expression of other groups was higher than normal group with a significant (P<0.05),and MSCs transplantation with IL-10 group was the largest decrease than normal group.Conclusion:MSCs only or MSCs with IL-10 transplantation can improve the biochemical characteristics of rat peripheral blood and liver histological structure,and with IL-10 wan better than MSCs only.MSCs and IL-10 play a role in the treatment of liver fibrosis through lowering the expression of MMP-2 and the expression of TGF-βprotein.

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of four 5-hydroxytryptamine type 4 (5-HT4) receptor agonists:cisapride,zacopride,macopride and 2-[1-(4-piperonyl) piperazinyl]-benzothiazole (BZTZ),on rat cardiac inward rectifier potassium channel (IK1)and heart rhythm.METHODS The whole-cell configuration of patch-clamp technique was used to record effects of 5-HT4 receptor agonists onIk1 in enzymatic dissociated rat ventricular myocytes or Kir2.1 transfected HEK 293 cells.Western blotting was used to observe the expression of Kir2.1 channel exposed 24 h to agents in ventricular myocytes.Langendorff-perfused hearts were perfused with four agents respectively for 30 min.The electrocardiogram was recorded simultaneously.RESULTS BZTZ,cisapride and mosapride 0.1-10 μmol· L-1 decreasedIk1 in a concentrationdependent manner.At the same concentration (1 μmol· L-1),BZTZ showed the most potent inhibition onIκ1 (P＜0.01),followed by cisapride.Mosapride showed slight inhibition efficiency.However,zacopride enhanced Iκ1 (P＜0.01).In Kir2.1 heterologous expression systems,zacopride activated Kir2.1 current (P＜0.01) while mosapride had no effect.In ex vivo Langendorff-perfused hearts,BZTZ and cisapride 1μmol· L-1 elicited singnificant rhythm disturbances,and the total of premature ventricular beats (PVB) were 159±28 and 61±13.50％ (4/8) (P＜0.05) and 25％ (1/8) of the hearts exhibited ventricular tachycardia (VT),while 37.5％ (3/8) and 12.5％ (1/8) of the hearts exhibited ventricular fibrillation (VF),respectively.Mosapride and zacopride had no side effects on heart rhythm.Zacopride also suppressed BZTZ-or cisapride-induced arrhythmias.BZFZ had the strongest proarryhthmic potency among the 5-HT4 agonists,followed by cisapride,mosapride and zacopride.CONCLUSION Iκ1 might be an independent risk factor for arrhythmogenesis and a new target for screening safe 5-HT4 receptor agonists and gastrointestinal prokinetic agents.

Objective To compare the efficiency and safety of dezocine and morphine combined with flurbiprofen for gynecologic postoperative analgesia.Methods Ninty patients for elective hysterectomy,ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) Ⅰ - Ⅱ,were randomly divided into three groups,given postoperative intravenous analgesic pump:dezocine 50 mg + flurbiprofen 100 mg( Group D) ;morphine 50 mg + flurbiprofen 100 mg ( Group M) ;dezocine 25 mg + morphine 25 mg + flurbiprofen 100 mg ( Group DM ).Anesthesia were induced by midazolam,etomidate,fentanyl and cisatracurium,maintained with propofol and remifentanil.At 15 -30 min before the end of surgery,flurbiprofen 50 mg was given,if pain was not relieved statsifically,morphine 5mg/per time was given additionally.VAS Pain relief scores,Ramsay sedation Score,usage of morphine and side effects such as nausea,vomiting and itch of skin were recorded at 4,8,24,48 h after surgery.Results At 4,8,24 and 48 h after surgery,VAS score at sedation was ( 2.27 ± 0.64 ),( 2.17 ± 0.65 ),( 1.97 ± 0.67 ),and ( 1.60 ± 0.56) in Group D,and ( 2.50 ± 0.63 ),( 2.40 ± 0.62),( 2.20 ± 0.61 ) and ( 1.87 ± 0.57 ) in Group DM at sedation,which were all significantly low than those of ( 3.10 ± 0.76),( 3.00 ± 0.74 ),( 2.80 ± 0.71 )and (2.40 ±0.72)in Group M.At 4,8,24 and 48 h after surgery,VAS score at active was (3.10 ±0.76),(2.97 ±0.76),(2.70 ±0.84) and (2.17 ±0.70)in Group D,(3.43 ±0.63),(3.30 ±0.65),(3.03 ±0.76)and (2.43 ± 0.68 )in Group DM,which were all significantly lower than those of (4.13 ± 0.94),(3.93 ±1.05),(3.60 ± 1.05 ) and ( 3.03 ± 0.96 ) in Group M ( Ps ＜ 0.05).And the VAS scores of Group DM was significantly higher than those of Group D.Sedation score at 48 h after surgery in group D was better than that in Group M ( x2 =4.812,P ＜ 0.05 ),The side effects at 48 h after surgery was 26.7％ in Group D,46.7％ in Group DM and 80％ in Group M,and there significant difference among these 3 groups (P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Compared to Morphine and or Morphine combined with Dezocine,Dezocine 50 mg + flumazenil 100 mg group is better to release the postoperative pain,and withless adverse effects.

Objective To investigate the effects of a highly selective dopamine D4 receptor (ABT-724)on behaviors in Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR),a rat model of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods After intervention of methylphenidate(5mg/kg) and three different doses of ABT-724(0.04mg/kg,0.16mg/kg,0.64mg/kg),behaviors of SHR were verified by open-field test,Morris water maze and Làt maze.Results Number of square crossing after intervention of methylphenidate and ABT-724 in SHR( 70.67 ± 8.59,76.50 ± 10.75,79.17 ± 10.44,65.67 ± 20.62) was less than the saline control group( 130.33 ± 1 1.40) (P＜0.05).During Morris water maze,SHRs(52.50 ± 4.04,52.17 ± 2.99,61 ± 8.15,53.83 ± 9.87 ) after intervention of both had a better spatial memory ability than control group(38.83 ±7.17) (P＜0.05).In Làt maze,number of rearing after intervention of both in SHRs(57.17 ± 5.67,60.83 ± 8.28,55.17 ± 9.45,65.33 ± 9.50 ) was less than saline control group(78.00 ± 13.84) (P＜0.05).Conclusion ABT-724 could improve behaviors of spontaneous locomotor activity,cognitive ability,non-selective attention in SHR.

Objective To explore the relationship between the volume and function of the heart and the pathogenesis of vasovagol syncope (VVS) through the detection of the left atrial volume index(LAVI).Methods The 68 cases in the observation group were diagnosed as VVS and hospitalized in the First Hospital of Jilin University from Jan.1 to Dec.31 in 2012.The 60 cases in the control group were children and adolescents receiving healthy physical examinations during the same period.All the patients were given the examination of heart color Doppler ultrasound,head up tilt test(HUT),body height,body mass,chest X-ray and accounted the LAVI and cardiothoracic ratio was accounted.Results The average age in the observation group and the control group was(12.19 ± 2.01) and(12.15 ± 2.00) years old,respectively.And there was no statistically significant difference in age between these two groups (t =0.10,P ＞0.05).There were 23 boys and 45 girls in the observation group,and 31 boys and 29 girls in the control group.There was statistically significant difference in the ratio of gender composition between these two groups (x2 =4.16,P ＜ 0.05).The LAVI values in these two groups were (21.23 ± 2.04) mL/m2 and (23.45 ± 3.01) mL/m2,respectively.There was statistically significant difference between two groups(t =4.29,P ＜ 0.05).The LAVI values in VVS mixed inhibition (VVS-MI),VVS vascular inhibition (VVS-VI) and VVS cardiac inhibition (VVS-CI) were (21.41 ± 2.98) mL/m2,(21.06 ± 2.59) mL/m2 and(21.23 ± 3.22) mL/m2,respectively.There were statistically significant differences between VVS-MI or VVS-VI and the control groups(t =3.27,3.36,all P ＜ 0.05),but there was no statistically significant difference between VVS-CI and control groups(t =1.61,P ＞ 0.05).The cardiothoracic ratio were 0.43 ± 0.07 and 0.46 ± 0.06 in the observation group and the control group,respectively,and there was statistically significant difference between these two groups(t =3.05,P ＜0.05).Conclusions The pathogenesis of VVS is related to the size and function of left heart.The children and adolescents with smaller LAVI and cardiothoracic ratio are more susceptible to VVS.

Objective Colorectal polyp is a precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer .Aim of the study was to explore the risk fac-tors of colorectal polyp malignant transformation .Methods The related information of 75 084 colonoscopies performed from 2003 to 2012 in Southwest Hospital in Chongqing were collected and the relationship between polyp malignant transformation and the pa-tient age ,sex ,polyp location ,size or histological types was analyzed .Results From 2003 to 2012 ,polyps were diagnosed in 14 806 cases of the total 75 084 patients with a 19 .72% detection rate .There were significant difference of the left-side and right-side pol-yp detection rate in different age groups ,and the frequency of polyps distributed in the whole colorectum increased with the increase of age .The rates of epithelial neoplasia and malignant transformation increased with age .At the same time ,malignant transforma-tion rate was significant higher in polyps located in left-side than that in right-side (P<0 .0167) ,in adenoma than that in inflamma-tory hyperplastic polyp (P<0 .01) .The larger diameter and the more villus ,the higher rate of malignant transformation .Conclusion Patient age ,polyp size ,location and histological type could be considered as the significant predictors of colorectal polyp malignant transformation .It may be useful to treat the polyp with endoscopy in patient with age more than 45 and adenoma whose diameter was not less than 1 cm ,located in left-side for prevention of colorectal cancer .