Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes,dyslipidemia, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome.It likely represents hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of NAFLD has been estimated to be 20％-30％ in the general population. However, it is much higher in type 2 diabetic patients. Several epidemiological studies indicate that NAFLD is linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease( CVD), which is independent of underlying cardiometabolic risk factors. This suggests that NAFLD may also be actively involved in the pathogenesis. The possible molecular mediators linking NAFLD and atherosclerosis(AS) include the release of pro-atherogenic factors by oxidative stress and inflammation as well as atherogenic dyslipidemia, abnormal adipose factors, and insulin resistance, finally aggravating progression of CVD. In this article, the relationship and possible mechanisms between NAFLD and AS are reviewed.

Objective To study the immunoregulatory activity of eucommia ulmoides oliv polysaccharides (EOP) on immunodepressive mice. Method The immunodepressive mice model was established with cyclophosphamide (CY) treated. EOP was given with different doses, and mouse weight, thymus index, spleen index, abdominal cavity macrophage engulfing rates, engulfing index were measured. Result 300 grams Eucommia ulmoides Oliv crude drugs after withdraw separate gained 9.3 grams polysaccharides. After CY injection, the mouse weight, chest gland index, abdominal cavity macrophage swallowing rate, phagocytic count reduced. EOP could resist the mouse body weight drop induced by CY, elevate the thymus index of immunity low mouse, obviously increase mouse abdominal cavity macrophage engulfing rates and engulfing index (P

The paper introduced the recent development of optical tweezers array.The particle manipulation system could be set up based on several methods,such as acousto-optics deflectors(AOD),diffractive optical elements(DOE),spatial light modulators(SLM),interference technique,vertical cavity surface emitting laser(VCSEL),optical fibers and micro-lens arrays as well.The principle,specification and basic structure of each method were introduced and analyzed briefly.Taking the advantage of particle trapping,optical tweezers array was very useful for manipulation of micron size particles,such as cells.Combining with microfluidics and MEMs fabrication,optical tweezer array,the ultraminiature and portable particle sorting system,would be a good choice for space biological research.

Cerebral vasospasm (CVS) is a serious complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor substance.A large number of clinical and basic studies have shown that cerebrospinal fluid and/or ET-1 levels in peripheral blood increases in patients with SAH and play an important role in the occurrence and development of CVS.This article reviews the research status of the role of ET-1 in the occurrence and development of CVS.

Objective To Analyze the effect of community-based integrative intervention on hypertension.Methods Among six residential areas,randomly chose four as the intervention group and the another two as the control group.Then a synthetical intervention was carried out to the intervention group,but no measures to the control.Results In the intervention group,the patients' systolic and diastolic pressure were eventually lower by 5.25 mm Hg than the datum line.The final result was obviously different from the datum line(P0.05).Conclusion The community-based integrated intervention plays a great role in the control of high blood pressure.

Objective T o observe the therapeutic effect of Radix Astragali Injectio on psoriasis and it s possible pharmaceutical mechanism. Methods Two groups of patients with psoriasis vulgaris were treated with either comprehensive regi men or comprehensive regimen plus Radix Astragali Injectio. The clinical respons es in both groups were compared. Meanwhile, the effects of Radix Astragali Decoc tion and Injectio on proliferation of vaginal epithelium, PCNA expression, diffe rentiation of tail scale epidermis and plasma ET－1 were assessed in mouse mode l. Results It was shown that psoriatic lesions began to fade significantly earli er in Radix Astragali group than in routine comprehensive treatment group. The c linical cure rate was significantly higher in Radix Astragali group also. Animal experiment indicated that Radix Astragali Injectio had effects on all 4 indices mentioned above and the effects of the Injectio was stronger than that of the D ecoction. Conclusions Radix Astragali Injectio is effective for psoriasis vulgar is. Its therapeutic effects may be explained by blocking multiple pathogenetic l inkage.

Objective To discuss the effect of melatonin on sleep and agitation in patients who had undergone tracheotomy in ICU.Methods Sixty-six tracheotomisd patients of ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ in ICU were included,age 18-60 years,weaning from mechanical ventilation not receiving continuous sedation.We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized pilot study comparing melatonin with placebo in such patients.They were allocated into two groups by compute randomiza-tion-melatonin group(n =32)and control group(n = 34).We administered either oral melatonin (3 mg)or placebo at 20∶00 for 7 days.We collected pre-and post-dosage blood samples on days 1 and 3 to confirm drug delivery.The hours of sleep at day and night were assessed by the bedside nurse as the primary outcome.And the secondary outcome included comparison of the incidence of agitation, assessed by score on the Riker Sedation Agitation Scale,and requirement for sedatives or haloperidol to settle agitation.Results Pre-treatment melatonin levels in the two groups were similarly low.Post-treatment,melatonin levels increased significantly in the melatonin group compared with the placebo group (3 233±1 961 )pg/ml versus (3.8 ± 2.2 )pg/ml(P < 0.05 ).And subsequently the observed sleep time in the two groups was (1 1.9±2.0)hours for melatonin vs (7.8±1.6)hours for placebo, respectively (P < 0.01 ).The incidence of agitation was significantly lower in the melatonin group (0% vs 8.8%).Conclusion Melatonin is well absorbed,and a standard dose increases blood levels approximately 1000-fold.Furthermore it would help the tracheotomisd patients sleep and ease agitation in ICU.

Objective To explore the factors relating to serum lutein level in elderly patients with early age-related macular degeneration (AMD).Methods 102 early AMD patients diagnosed by international diagnostic criteria were selected.The level of serum lutein was measured by HPLC,and dietary intake was estimated by food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ).The factors relating to serum lutein level were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis models.Results Serum lutein level was higher in female AMD patients than in male AMD patients [(0.33±0.31) μmol/L vs.(0.21 ±0.19) μmol/L,t=2.21,P＜0.05].Serum lutein level was positively correlated with dietary lutein (r=0.49,P＜ 0.001),but not correlated with age,BMI,and other nutrient intake after adjustment for caloric intake.Dietary lutein was mainly from corn,spinach,leeks,eggs,chrysanthemum,pumpkin,broccoli,lettuce,asparagus and peas.Intakes of spinach,pumpkin,asparagus were significantly associated with serum lutein level.Conclusions Elderly patients with AMD should increase the intakes of lutein-rich vegetables to increase the serum lutein level.

Objective:To investigate the relation between the AT 1 receptor gene polymorphism and some biochemical indices of essential hypertension patients. Methods:Sixty-four patients of mild-moderate essential hypertension were not given any anti-hypertension drugs for 5 half lives,then used the PCR-RFLP to detect the AT 1 receptor gene type and measured the basic blood pressure at the same time. After that, fasting serum glucose , serum total cholesterol(TC) , triglyceride(TG) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) , blood urea nitrogen(BUN) , creatinine(Cr) were measured in all subjects. Results:①The frequency of AC gene type in these essential hypertension patients and the C1166 allete of AT 1 receptor gene was 23.4% and 11.7%. ②There was a remarkable difference on TG between two gene groups. ③There were obvious difference on Cr and UA between two gene groups .④There were no obvious difference on Glu, TC ,HDL-C ,LDL-C ,BUN between AC and AA gene type. Conclusion:①The concentration of TG of AC gene type is lower than that of AA , there may be relativity between two gene type. ② A1166/C gene polymorphism may be associated with renal function. AA gene type may have poorer renal function. ③A1166/C gene polymorphism may be not relative with Glu,TCH ,HDL-C ,LDL-C ,BUN.

Objective To identify the member of the caspase family proteases involved in γ-radiation-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells and to study the expression of the caspase gene in normal, apoptotic cells and in immortal tu mor cells. Methods By using degenerate oligonucleotide primers encoding the highly conserved peptides that were pre sent in all known caspases, we performed RT-PCR on poly(A)RNA from γ-radiation-induced apoptotic HL-60 cells. Caspase-3 mRNA in apoptotic HL-60 cells and in human tumor cell lines was analyzed by Northern blot. Results The amplified DNA fragment was identified with caspase-3 cDNA by cloning and sequencing. The Northern blot analysis of caspase-3 mRNA of different human tumor cell lines showed that the caspase-3 gene transcript was more highly ex pressed in leukemia cell lines and the SH-SY5Y cell line than in HeLa and MCF-7 cells. It was more highly expressed in the radiation-induced apoptotic HL-60 cells than in control HL-60 cells. Conclusion These results indicated that caspase-3 was involved in γ-radiation-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. The high level of expression of caspase-3 may aid efforts to understand the insensitivity of some tumor cells to radiation, their inherent ability to survive, and apop tosis.