Objective To evaluate the capacity of air quality test of indoor air quality test agencies in Beijing. Methods 59 laboratories participated the evaluation. The standard reference (SRF) material, ammonia and benzene, were used as the test items and the national standard methods were used in the determination, the capacity evaluation was done by comparing the test values and Robust Z-Score. Results 28 laboratories (47.5%) presented a satisfactory result for both ammonia and benzene determination, 3 gave an unsatisfactory result for both items, 28 showed an unsatisfactory result or a result with some error in alternative1 item. Conclusion In the present study, only 47.5% of the investigated laboratories are satisfied. There are still some problems in the capacity of air quality test of test agencies in Beijing and the test capacity need to be improved.

In order to investigate the effects of simvastatin on secretion and mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Production and mRNA expression of IL-6 and adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. The results showed that simvastatin could significantly suppress LPS-induced IL-6 production and mRNA expression in adipocytes (P<0.05), but increase the LPS-induced adiponectin secretion and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). It was suggested that simvastatin could exert beneficial effects on prevention of obesity-induced metabolic changes in adipocytes.

Objective To study the chemical constituents of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus. Methods The constituents were isolated and purified by several chromatographic techniques and identified by chemicophysical properties and spectral analyses. Results Nine flavonoid compounds had been obtained from A. membranaceus var. mongholicus. They were determined as formononetin (Ⅰ), (3R)-8, 2′-dihydroxy-7, 4′-dimethoxy-isoflavane (Ⅱ), calycosin (Ⅲ), (6aR, 11aR)9, 10-dimethoxypterocarpan-3-O-?-D-glucoside (Ⅳ), 7, 2′-dihydroxy-3′, 4′-dimethoxy-isoflavane-7-O-?-D-glucoside (Ⅴ), formononetin-7-O-?-D-glucoside (Ⅵ), calycosin-7-O-?-D-glucoside (Ⅶ), pratensein-7-O-?-D-glucoside (Ⅷ), and genistin (Ⅸ), respectively. Conclusion Compound Ⅷ is obtained from the plants of Astragalus Linn. for the first time and compound Ⅱ is obtained from this plant for the first time. Compounds Ⅰ-Ⅶ show cell multiplication activity.

In order to investigate the effects of simvastatin on secretion and mRNA expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Production and mRNA expression of IL-6 and adiponectin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. The results showed that simvastatin could significantly suppress LPS-induced IL-6 production and mRNA expression in adipocytes (P＜0.05), but increase the LPS-induced adiponectin secretion and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner (P＜0.05). It was suggested that simvastatin could exert beneficial effects on prevention of obesity-induced metabolic changes in adipocytes.

Objective To evaluate the preoperative T staging value of rectal carcinoma by using double contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (DCUS).Methods 71 patients with rectal carcinoma were examined by ultrasound after infusing contrast agent and bolus injection of SonoVue preoperatively.The border,shape and perfusion patterns of the tumor were observed.After surgery,the T staging made by DCUS and perfused contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (PCUS) was compared with final pathologic results respectively.Results The accuracy of PCUS and DCUS in determining the T stage of rectal carcinoma were 71.8％(T1 72.7％％,T250.0％,T374.4％,T476.9％) and 85.9％(T190.9％,T275.0％,T387.1％,T484.6％) respectively.The difference between these two methods was statistically significant (P ＜0.05).Conclusions DCUS is a new valuable method for T staging of rectal carcinoma with its high accuracy preoperatively.

With the help of computer image analysis system, we used the method of average positive stained area percentage APSAP to evaluate the slice immunohistochemistry result. Then we compared the evaluation result with the result of manual counting. Conformity between the two methods was verified. These data indicated that the method of was in accord with manual counting to a great extent. Moreover, the theory basis, advantages and disadvantages of the method were discussed in this paper.
Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; Staining and Labeling ; methods ; Stomach Neoplasms ; chemistry ; pathology

This study investigated the effects of telmisartan on insulin resistance in high-fat diet-treated rats and the possible mechanism. A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats enrolled in the study were divided into 4 groups at random: ND group (n=10) and HD group (n=10), in which the rats were given a normal chow diet or a high-fat diet for 20 weeks following a one-week adaptation; ND+telmisartan (n=10) group and HD+telmisartan group (n=10), in which the rats were initially administered in the same way as the ND or HD group, and then they were orally gavaged with telmisartan (5 mg/kg daily) additionally for 5 weeks. Related inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA. Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), phosphorylated JNK and IκB-α expressions in both adipose and liver were detected by Western blotting. CRP and angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT1) mRNA expressions in both adipose and liver were determined by RT-PCR. The results showed that telmisartan administration in vivo reversed insulin resistance as evidenced by a decrease in plasma fasting glucose levels, plasma fasting insulin levels and homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Furthermore, telmisartan administration significantly reduced serum CRP, TNF-α and IL-1β levels, and elevated serum IL-10 levels. It was also found to hamper the high-fat diet-induced increase in CRP mRNA, AT1 mRNA and MCP-1, and decrease in IκB-α in both adipose and liver. It was concluded that telmisartan administration in vivo may improve insulin resistance through attenuated inflammatory response pathways.

Objective Aδ and C fiber nociceptors can be excited when people received contact heat stimulation(CHS) and this excitation may be reflected by functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI).The aim of this study was to observe the different fMRI characteristics in CHS with distinct temperatures in healthy people and to explore the pain related functional network.Depending on the fMRI results,we can evaluate the values of CHS-fMRI during the research of brain functional connectivity.Methods Twenty-two healthy volunteers were recruited to this study.During the acquisition of fMRI,the right dorsal forearm received two different CHS in 41 and 51 degree respectively(41 ℃ CHS-fMRI group and 51 ℃ CHS-fMRI group),and two series of fMRI data were obtained for each subject.The brain activation was obtained by using one sample t test for the 41 ℃CHS-fMRI group and 51 ℃CHS-fMRI group separately.The difference between 41 ℃ CHS-fMRI group and 51 ℃ CHS-fMRI group was analyzed by paired-sample t-test.Result These activated brain areas in 41 ℃ CHS-fMRI group included bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG),contralateral transverse temporal gyrus,contralateral amygdala,bilateral insula,bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG),contralateral hippocampus,bilateral putamen,contralateral supramarginal,ipsilateral postcentral,ipsilateral inferior parietal lobule,ipsilateral middle temporal gyrus (MTG),bilateral cerebelum,bilateral middle cingulate cortex and bilateral posterior cingulate cortex.These activated brain areas in 51 ℃ CHS-fMRI group included bilateral STG,bilateral amygdala,contralateral hippocampus,bilateral thalamus,contralateral putamen,bilateral insula,bilateral IFG,bilateral cerebellum,contralateral postcentral,contralateral superior parietal lobule,bilateral MTG,bilateral precuneus,and contralateral cuneus.Compared with 41 ℃ CHS-fMRI group,the 51 ℃ CHS-fMRI group showed higher brain activation in bilateral cerebellum (right:4.455,left:3.891),ipsilateral precuneus (4.150),contralateral insula (3.530),contralateral IFG (3.530),and contralateral postcentral (3.530; t =2.83,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions There are common brain activated areas and specific areas for each group,which suggested that existence of two central pathways activated by Aδ and C fiber which have different effects in perception of pain and have their brain network responsively.It may become one of the ideal pain stimulation methods with CHS-fMRI,which warrant worth further research.

Objective To study the changes of cognitive function and brain microstructure of patients with benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) from neuropsychological test and voxel-based morphometry.Methods Sixteen patients with BECTS and 16 healthy volunteers,who were matched in gender,age and education,were enrolled in this study from May 2014 to May 2015 in the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College.The cognitive function and morphometry of the subjects were evaluated by neuropsychological test (full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ),verbal intelligence quotient (VIQ) and performance intelligence quotient (PIQ)) and high-resolution T1-weighted imaging scanning.Thereafter,these data were analyzed with Student's t test,Chi-squared test and correlation analysis.Results (1) FSIQ(79.3±13.3),VIQ(82.3±12.1) andPIQ(81.3±10.3)ofBECTS group were significantly lower than the control group (107.0 ± 6.4,101.6 ± 6.5,114.8 ± 6.2;t =9.511,7.521,16.360,all P ＜0.01).(2) Patients with BECTS showed significantly increased gray matter volume in the bilateral putamen,paracentral lobule and right supplementary motor area (P ＜ 0.05,FDR-corrected).(3) A significant negative correlation was found between the gray matter volume of the left putamen and age of epilepsy onset (r=-0.586,P=0.017).Conclusions (1) There is a certain degree of cognitive impairment in patients with BECTS.(2) Patients with BECTS have some changes in brain microstructure.Genetic factors could indirectly influence the children's brain developmental trajectory,and the age of onset may be associated with the changes on the brain microstructure.

Objective To investigate the role of double contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (DCUS) in the diagnosis of rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Methods In eleven patients with rectal GISTs before surgery, gastrointestinal ultrasound contrast agent were injected into rectal lumen and tumor’s two dimensional ultrasound features were analyzed. Microbubbles were injected into the vein to investigate the feature of lesion microcirculation perfusion. After the surgery, according to the tumor diameter and mitotic count, rectal GISTs were classified as very low-risk, low-risk, intermediated-risk and high-risk tumors. The very low-risk and low-risk tumors were grouped together as one group while the intermediated-risk and high-risk tumors were grouped together as another group. According to ultrasound performance and pathological type, ultrasonic features of rectal GISTs with different risk levels were estimated. Results Among all rectal GISTs cases, 63.6%(7/11) were low-risk. Under DCUS, the tumor diameter was less than 5 cm, with regular round, hypoechogenicity, uniform low enhancement and less internal liquefaction necrosis. For the 36.4%(4/11) high-risk cases, under DCUS, the tumor diameter was≥5 cm, with irregular round or lobulation, mixed hyperechogenicity and hypoechogenicity, nonuniform high enhancement, large blood vessel and common liquefied necrosis region. The biological behavior of rectal GISTs was relevant to lesion size, liquefaction necrosis and enhancement mode of ultrasound contrast and irrelevant to the bound and shape of lesion. The accuracy of DCUS and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography were 90.9%(10/11) and 72.7%(8/11) respectively. Conclusions DCUS is considered as an effective tool in diagnosingrectal GISTs and can get useful information of the biological characteristics. It has great value for the diagnosis and treatment of rectal GISTs.