It is no doubt that obstetrics and gynecology contains profound philosophic thinking.To integrate the philosophical thinking of materialistic dialectics and dialectical unity in obstetrics and gynecology teaching is helpful to reveal the essence from obstetrics and gynecology phenomena.Application and cultivation of philosophical thinking may be useful to further explore students'comprehensive thinking potential and effectively improve the quality of obstetrics and gynecology teaching.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the infection status and drug resistance of mycoplasma and chlamydia isolated from female genitourinary tract in order to provide reference for doctors′ reasonable use of medicine.METHODS The IST2 kit produced by Bio-Merieux was used to culture the mycoplasma strains and to do drug susceptibility test.The VEDALAB kit was used to detect chlamydia.RESULTS Among 376 suspected patients with nongonococcal urethritis(NGU),the number of the patients infected by Ureaplasma urealyticum(Uu),mixed strains of Uu and Mycoplasma hominis(Mh),and Chlamydia trachomatis(Ct) were 216,35 and 125,respectively.The positive rate was 57.4%,9.3% and 33.3%,respctively.The drug susceptibility test showed that drug resistance rates of the other six antibiotics in mixed infection of Uu and Mh were higher than that in simple infection of Uu except for josamycin,ofloxacin and doxycycline.The sensitivity of doxycycline,josamycin and platenomycin in mycoplasma was the most highest.CONCLUSIONS Infection in female genitourinary tract is mainly due to Uu.We should reasonably choose and use antibiotics according to drug susceptibility.

EZH2 is the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2),which represses gene expression by catalyzing lysine 27 of histone H3.It is overexpressed in prostate cancer,breast cancer,bladder cancer,gastric cancer and several other cancers.There is a close correlation between overexpression of EZH2 and progression of malignancy,invasion and migration of cancer cells.With a thorough understanding of the function,up and down stream regulatory mechanism and clinicopathological features,EZH2 will be expected to as a target and provide a new way for the treatment of cancers.

Objective Observing the effect of general anesthesia (GA) with remifentanil on parturients undergoing cesarean section and Apgar score of child.Methods 40 parturients were divided into two groups,GA combined remifentanil (group A,n =20) and standard GA(group B,n =20).Observe the change of hemodynamics parameter and Apgar score of child.Results In group A than in group B maternal hemodynamic index smooth,two groups of intubation after lmin SBP,DBP,HR decreased,while the5 min after intubation returned to normal.SBP DBP,HR before induction,the difference between groups was not statistically significant (P＞ 0.05),the two group after induction,SBP,DBP,HR intubation after 1 min were (120.8 ± 19.6 mm Hg,80.6 ± 11.2 mm Hg,98.1 ± 17.1 BPM),(128.1 ± 17.5 mm Hg,98.9 ± 13.8mm Hg,108.7 ± 20.7 BPM) after intubation of 5 min were (98.3 ± 24.7 mm Hg 75.3 ± 13.8 mm Hg,79.9 ±22.6 BPM),(121.5 ± 16.2 mm Hg,88.6 ± 13.7 mm Hg,110.5 ± 17.4 BPM) had a significant difference (P ＜ 0.05),neonatal 1 min,5 min Apgar score,no significant differences between the two groups (P ＞0.05).Conclusion When remifentanil is used in the general anesthesia,its inducing is smoothly and it is no significant bad effect on the newborn.

Objective To investigate the effect of Bcl-2 gene knockdown on apotosis , proliferation and drug sensitivity of gastric carcinoma HGC-27 cells. Methods The HGC-27 cells were divided into five groups:the untreated control group , the control siRNA group , the specific siRNA targeting Bcl-2 gene group , 5-FU treated group and the combination group (Bcl-2 siRNA and 5-FU treatment). Then flow cytometry and MTT assays were performed to detect the apoptosis and proliferation of HGC-27 cells. The cysteine protease activityand Cytochrome C release level were tested by ELISA method. Results Bcl-2 knockdown enhanced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of HGC-27 cells. Comparedwith the 5-FU-treated group , the cell apoptosis level, activities of Caspase-3 and Caspase-9, plasma Cytochrome C were significantly increased in the combination group(P <0.01). Conclusion Bcl-2 gene knockdown induced apoptosis, inhibited cell proliferation and enhanced the drug sensitivity of 5-FU in gastric cancer cells , which might be considered as a potential therapeutic strategy forgastric carcinoma.

Objective To evaluate thoracic endovascular repair (TEAVR) techniques for the treatment of Stanford type A aortic dissection involving ascending aorta.Methods From Jan 2010 to Aug 2015,seven type A aortic dissection patients with the primary entry tear next to the orifice of left subclavian artery were treated with endovascular repair.Results Stents (6 COOK Corp,1 YouYan Corp.) were deployed through femoral artery in 6 patients and through peritoneal right common iliac artery in 1 case.Entries were through incised carotid artery in 2 cases and punctured from carotid artery by PER-CLOSE designer (Abbott Corp.) in 5 cases.One died of Type 1 endoleak.6 patients were followed up from 1 to 28 months.One suffered from severe MODS complications and died after 6 months.During the follow-up period,all the stents were patent and there was no migration.The true lumen increased significantly and the false lumen shrank gradually.Conclusions Endovascular aortic repair is a safe and effective method for Stanford Type A aortic dissection involving ascending aorta in selected cases.

The afferent connections of the lateral hypothalamic nucleus in the rat werestudied with retrograde horseradish peroxidase(HRP)method using microinjection andmicroelectrophoretic technique.The microinjection syringe needle or microelectrophoretic pipette was insertedvertically into the brain or in inclined direction through the cerebellum.The results were as follows:Following HRP introduced into the lateral hypothalamic nucleus,labeled neuronswere found in the anterior hypothalamic nucleus,the paraventricular nucleus,thedorsal raphe nucleus,the locus coeruleus and substantia grisea periventricularis inall cases.In most cases,labeled cells were also observed within the lateral septal nucleus,the interstitial nucleus of stria terminalis,the medial preoptic nucleus,the lateralpreoptic nucleus,the supraoptic nucleus,the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus,themedial and central amygdaloid nuclei,the nucleus reunius,the interpeduncular nuc-leus,the nucleus parabrachialis dorsalis,the nucleus parabrachialis ventralis,and thenucleus tractus solitanii.In a few cases,retrograde labeling of neurons was observed within the medialseptal nucleus,pars medialis of the nucleus medialis thalami,the supramammilarynucleus and nucleus raphe medianus.In certain cases,a small number of cells could be found in the dorsal tegmentalnucleus of Gudden and the nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi.Among those nuclei,the locus coeruleus,the supraoptic nucleus,the paraventri-cular nucleus and the dorsal parabrachial nucleus were labeled bilaterally.

Objective To explore the diagnostic and treatment value of serum B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels for the chronic heart failure and its correlation with cardiac function classification.Methods 155 patients with heart failure were selected as treatment group.According to cardiac function,grade Ⅱ in 48 cases,grade Ⅲ in 56 cases,grade Ⅳ in 51 cases.122 healthy people during the same period were selected as the control group.Retrospectively detected serum BNP levels of the subjects,and the BNP levels of the treatment group were detected before and after treatment,and its correlation with heart function was analyzed.Results The serum BNP level of the treatmentgroup was (738.67 ± 61.32) pg/mL,which was higher than (22.36 ± 21.89) pg/mL of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (t =19.38,P ＜ 0.05).The serum BNP level of the treatment group after treatment was (329.58 ± 90.74) pg/mL,which was lower than (738.67 ± 161.32) pg/mL of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(t =19.38,P ＜ 0.05).The serum BNP levels of grade Ⅱ,grade Ⅲ and grade Ⅳ patients after treatment compared with pre-treatment,the differences were statistically significant (t =13.65,15.18,17.39,all P ＜ 0.05),from pre-treatment to pro-treatment,the serum BNP levels were gradually increased with increased grade,the differences were statistically significant (t =10.61,21.33,11.06,16.40,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The serun BNP level of chronic heart failure patients significantly increases,and it increases with the increase of cardiac function classification,and shows correlation.As the objective indicators of chronic heart failure,it has better clinical diagnosis value and treatment and prognostic significance.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility,safety and short-term outcome of laparoscopic-assisted surgery for colorectal cancer.Methods From August 2001 to November 2004,laparoscopic resection of colorectal carcinoma were performed in 112 cases,including right hemicolectomy(n=23),left himicolectomy(n=7),radical resection of sigmoid cancer(n=15),Dixon procedure(n=49),and Miles procedure(n=18).Results One hundred and five patients underwent laparoscopic resection successfully,7 cases were converted to open surgery because of hemorrhage,obesity or adhesion with adjacent organ,6 of which were left colon or rectal cancer.The mean operating time was(161.2?48.6)min,and the mean operative blood loss was 78.5 mL.There were 8 cases occurred postoperative complications,and no mortality during perioperative period.The length of upper and lower segment of resection for colonic cancer was (14.5?3.2)cm and(11.0?2.6)cm respectively.The length of upper and lower segment of resection for rectal cancer was(15.3?2.7)cm and(2.8?1.6)cm,respectively.The mean number of lymph nodes dissected was(8.2?4.6),and lymph node metastases were found in 49 cases.One hundred and seven cases(95.5%) were followed up for 8-44 months,of which,7 cases had local recurrence and 6 cases had distant metastases.No case of trocar port tumor implantation was observed.Conclusions Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer is feasible and safe,can result in the same outcome as open radical surgery,and has the advantages of mini-invasive procedure.

Objective To investigate the expression and cellular localization of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) in cerebral cortex after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats.Methods Fifty-two male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into either a sham operation group (n =12) or a SAH group (n =40).The latter was randomly redivided into 6,12,24 h,and day 2 and 3 subgroups (n =8 in each group).A rat SAH model was induced by injecting fresh blood into the prechiasmatic cistern.Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of Cdk5 in rat brain cortex.Double labeling immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the cellular localization of Cdk5 protein in cerebral cortex.Neuronal nuclear antigen labeled neurons,and glial fibrillary acidic protein labeled astrocytes.Results Western blot showed that the expression of Cdk5 protein was up-regulated at 12 hours after SAH (t =3.709,P =0.001),and it reached the peak on day 1 (t =3.475,P=0.002).Immunohistochemistry showed that the proportion of Cdk5 positive cell was also increased gradually after SAH,and the changes of time course were consistent with the results of Western blot,and it reached the peak on day 1 (t =4.320,P =0.000).Double labeling immunofluorescence showed that Cdk5 was mainly expressed in the neuronal cytoplasm in the sham operation group,and Cdk5 shifted to the neuronal nuclei in the SAH group.Cdk5 was mainly colocalized between astrocytes and neurons.Conclusions SAH up-regulates the expression of Cdk5 protein in cerebral cortex.Cdk5 may be involved in early brain injury after SAH.