Objective To investigate the expression patterns and significance of aquaporin 5 (AQP‐5) and multidrug‐resistance associated genes in human colon cancer with different differentiation degree and their correlation .Methods The expression of aqua‐porin 5 and resistance genes P‐gp ,GST‐π,TopoⅡ ,and TS in human 45 cases colon cancer tissues with different differentiation de‐gree and 36 cases of adjacent mucosa tissues as well as 58 cases of normal colonic epithelium were detected by quantitative RT‐PCR ,Western blot and immunohistochemistry .Results Immunohistochemistry results showed that AQP‐5 distributed mainly in the cell membrane and the cytoplasm .Fluorescence quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blot showed that AQP‐5 expression could not be detected in adjacent mucosa tissues and normal colonic epithelium tissues .The AQP‐5 expression level was higher in colon cancer tissues compared with adjacent mucosa tissues and normal colonic epithelium tissues (P<0 .05) ,and the expression intensity was correlated with the differentiation degree of colon cancer tissues (P<0 .05) .The results of immunohistochemistry indicated that P‐gp distributed mainly in the cell membrane and the cytoplasm ,GST‐πmainly distributed in the nuclei and cytoplasm ,Topo Ⅱ main‐ly distributed in the nucleus ,and TS distributed mainly in the cytoplasm .Fluorescence quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blot re‐sults showed that the expression levels of all resistance genes detected were higher in colon cancer tissues compared with adjacent mucosa tissues and normal colonic epithelium tissues (P<0 .05) .Furthermore ,P‐gp ,GST‐π,and Topo Ⅱ expression were negative‐ly correlated with the differentiation degree of colon cancer tissues ,the more poor differentiation level of tissue ,the higher expres‐sion level of P‐gp ,GST‐π ,Topo Ⅱ .However ,the expression level of TS did not change significantly in different differentiation de‐gree colon cancer tissues (P>0 .05) .Positive correlation was found between the expression of AQP‐5 and P‐gp ,GST‐π,Topo Ⅱ(P<0 .05) .Negative correlation was found between the expression of AQP‐5 and TS (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The AQP‐5 and re‐sistance gene expression were increased in colon cancer tissues .The AQP‐5 expression level was higher in colon cancer compared with adjacent control or normal tissues ,which may promote the transfer and progress of colon cancer .

Bioadhesive delivery systems with sustained release characteristics can promote the absorption and increase the bio-availability of drugs by prolonging the residence time on the applied site. The evaluation of adhesion property of bioadhesive drug deliv-ery systems is important because the sustained release effect and the absorption are closely related with the adhesion. The methods for the evaluation of the adhesive properties of bioadhesive drug delivery systems in vitro were summarized in the article, including determi-ning the minimum peel force, measuring the residues on mucosa surface, determining the retention time on mucosal surface, measuring the swelling and the viscosity of fluid and so on, and the operation of some methods were described simply as well.

Objective To explore the imaging characteristics of malignant lymphoma of intestinal tract.Methods Thirty-two cases of malignant intestinal lymphoma proved operatively and pathologically were studied .All cases were subjected to Ba-meal or double contrast Ba-enema examinations. There were 10 cases studied by CT scan and 19 cases by B-ultrasonography.Results By Barium studies we found 20 cases of lesions involving the small intestine or ileocecal junction and 12 involving the large intestine. In the former subgroup , we found regional dilatation of small intestine in 6, multiple intraluminal polypoid filling defects in 7, intestinal wall infiltration in 4, intraluminal nodular proliferation with ulcer formation in 3; while in the latter subgroup ,there were polypoid masses seen in 6, narrowing of intestinal lumen in 5 and coarse intestinal mucosa in 1.On CT scan , we found irregular thickening of intestinal wall in 5 cases , eccentric intraluminal mass in 2 and intestinal dilatation associated with thickening of intestinal wall in 3. B-ultrasonography showed beltoid low echo thickened intestinal wall in 5 cases ,pseudo kidney sign in 6 and lumpy low echoes in 2. Conclusion Barium study , CT scan and B-ultrasonography have different specific diagnostic characteristics for malignant intestinal lymphoma.In combination with these examinations are mutually beneficial in the diagnostic process.

Objective:To investigate regulatory immune response induced by DNA vaccination encoding T cell receptor V?5.2 or V?2.1 chain predominantly displayed on ovalbumin (OVA)-specific T cell clone.Methods:BALB/C mice were vaccinated with pcDNA3.1 encoding T cell receptor (TCR) V?5.2 or V?2.1 chain respectively.Using RT-PCR,transcription of the recombined plasmids was analysed. Cell proliferation was measured by 3H-TdR incorporation.CTL response was assayed by JAM test.Immuno-fluorescent assay was used to examine the anti-TCR antibody level and the number V?2 +T cells.Results:RT-PCR analysis showed that the recombined plasmids can be transcripted in vivo and in vitro.DNA vaccine with TCR variable chain effectively induced TCR-specific humoral and cellular immune response,V?2 +T cells was not depleted by V?2.1 TCR-DNA vaccination,but rather was anergy.Conclusion:Regulatory immune response can be induced by DNA vaccination encoding TCR V? or V? region in normal mice.

10.3969/j.issn.1007-3969.2013.04.007

Objective To establish a fluorescence quantitative Taqman-PCR method for rapid and accurate detection of mouse poxvirus.Methods After sequence alignment and comparison, ERPV_027 gene was selected as the primer and probe design gene.Furthermore, the specificity, sensitivity, stability and reproducibility of these primers and probes were detected.Results The detection limitation of this method was 68 copies/μL.Data showed that this method has high specificity, which specifically amplifies mouse poxvirus, with no amplification signal of mouse hepatitis virus, Sendai virus, Salmonella and some other viruses and bacteria.This method also showed good stability and reproducibility. Conclusions This study has successfully established a fluorescence quantitative Taqman-PCR method for detection of mouse poxvirus, with high specificity, sensitivity, good stability and reproducibility, and a broad application potential.

Objective:To investigate clinical features of distant metastases ( DM ) and analyze clinico-pathologic risk factors associated with DM from salivary gland carcinomas after being treated by surgery combined with 125 I internal brachytherapy. Methods: Between October 2001 and March 2010, 197 pa-tients with salivary gland carcinoma were treated by surgery combined with 125 I internal brachytherapy and had follow-up for 2 years or more. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate clini-copathologic risk factors that might influence the risk of distant metastases. Results:DM occurred in 28 of 197 patients (14. 2%). The commonest site of distant metastases overall was the lung 89. 3% (25/28), followed by bones 17. 9% (5/28) and liver (4/28). DM developed after an average interval of (44. 2 ± 45. 8) months from the time of initial diagnosis, and the mean interval was 64 months. The average time to death after the diagnosis of DM was only (9. 7 ± 13. 4) months, and the mean time was 12 months. The 3-year locoregional control rate and survival rate were 90. 8%, and 87. 8% respectively,and the 5-year ones 84. 0% and 81. 0%, respectively. Univariate analyses revealed that the risk of distant metasta-ses was significantly influenced by locoregional tumor failure (F=26. 997,P<0. 01) and histologic dif-ferentiation (F=1. 592,P<0. 01). Multivariate analysis of freedom from distant metastases revealed that locoregional control (F=29. 332,P<0. 01) significantly influenced this end point. Conclusion: Sali-vary gland carcinoma could achieve high local control rate after being treated by surgery combined with 125 I internal brachytherapy, and the average interval from diagnosis to DM was prolonged, DM was signifi-cantly influenced bylocoregional control.

Objective To investigate the numbers of corpus luteum and ovarian follicles and compare the levels of serum prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2 ) in different phases of estrus cycle in female gerbils .Methods Consecutively taking vaginal smears of the gerbils and directly examined under light microscope to distinguish the four phases of the estrus cycle .Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to histological examination of the gerbil ovaries , and to detect the levels of serum PRL , LH, FSH and E2 by ELISA assay during estrus cycle .Results The proportion of cornified vaginal exfolliated cells could be the basis to distinguish four phases respectively:proestrus, oestrus, metoestrus, and dioestrus.Moreover, there were no significant differences between the numbers of ovarian follicles in different phases of estrus cycle .The numbers of corpus luteum in preoestrus were significantly lower than that in the other phases of estrus cycle ( P <0.05 ) .The levels of serum PRL and LH were increasing constantly from preoestrus to dioestrus , and both reached a peak at dioestrus ( P<0.05 ) .The levels of serum FSH and E2 both peaked at preoestrus , and were significantly higher than those at oestrus , metoestrus and dioestrus ( P<0.05).Conclusions There are no significant differences between the numbers of ovarian follicles in different phases of estrus cycle .Gonadotropin , prolactin and estradiol paly important roles in the regulation of estrous cycle .The phases during which surges of FSH and E 2 occur in Mongolian gerbils are similar to those of rats and mice , while the PRL and LH are different .Our findings provide further reference to the study of reproductive physiology of Mongolian gerbils .

Objective: To investigate clinical features of distant metastases from malignant salivary gland carcinomas after treated by 125I internal brachy therapy alone.Methods: Between 2002 and 2010, 43 patients with locally advanced unresectable or recurrent malignant salivary gland carcinomas were treated by 125I internal brachy therapy alone at Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology.All of them had been follow-up at least 2 years.The primary sites of malignant salivary gland carcinomas were the parotid for 12 patients, infratemporal fossa for 9 patients, tongue for 7 patients, maxilla for 6 patients, parapharyngeal for 4 patients, floor of months for 3 patients, submandibular gland for 1 patient, and lip for 1 patient.The overall survival rate, local control rate, and distant metastases were retrospectively reviewed.Results: Distant metastases occurred in 23 of the 43 patients (53.5%).Distant metastases developed from 5 to 96 months, with an average interval of (27.0±23.7) months from the time of initial diagnosis, the mean interval was 21 months.The commonest site of distant metastases overall was the lung 69.6%(16/23).The most common pathological types of distant metastases were adenoid cystic carcinoma (14/23, 60.9%) and nonspecific adenocarcinoma (7/23, 30.4%).At the time of the last follow-up, 26 patients died, and 18 of them due to distant metastases (69.2%, 18/26).In the study, 27 patients got complete remission(CR), 12 got partial remission(PR) more than 50%, 2 less than 50%, and 2 patients were invalid.The effective rate (CR+ PR) was 90.7%.The 3 year loco-regional control rate and survival rate were 60.1%, 82.6%, respectively, and the 5 year's 53.4% and 56.0%.Conclusion: The 125I brachy therapy is a feasible and effective modality for the treatment of locally advanced unresectable or recurrent malignant salivary gland carcinomas.However, further studies are needed with larger numbers of patients and for a longer follow-up assessment.Distant metastasis was the main cause of treatment failure, and the lung was the most common site of distant metastases.

Objective To observe the clinical effects of Huoxue Dingxuan Capsules on treatment of vertebral artery type of cervical spondylosis, and evaluate its efficacy and safety. Methods Totally 130 cases of vertebral artery type of cervical spondylosis were randomly assigned to treatment group and control group, and treated with Huoxue Dingxuan Capsules and Sibelium capsules respectively. Integration method was used to compare the differences of main symptoms and signs, the overall efficacy and safety were evaluated, and relapse after six months was followed up. Results Both groups had a significant effect on the improvement of signs and symptoms in vertebral artery type of cervical spondylosis, the total efficiency was 94.03%(63/67) in treatment group and 82.54% (52/63) in control group. The treatment group had a better effect on the overall efficacy and relieving symptoms and signs compared with the control group (P<0.01). The mean blood flow velocity had a significant change after treatment (P<0.05), and the treatment group was better than the control group (P<0.01). Within six months, the treatment group had 4 cases (6.34%) with mild recurrence of symptoms and signs, and the control group had 18 cases (34.61%), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05), and no severe recurrence was found. The two groups showed no side effects. Conclusion Huoxue Dingxuan Capsules is safe and effective for treating vertebral artery type of cervical spondylosis, and the long-term efficacy and subjects’ compliance are better than oral Sibelium capsules.