OBJECTIVE:To investigate the drug utilization in 4 hospitals in Zhangjiakou area of Hebei Province.METHODS:200 inpatient case files and 4 800 outpatient prescriptions were selected randomly from 4 hospitals in Zhangjiakou area between June 2006 and May 2007 for a statistical analysis using PASS(prescription automatic screen system).RESULTS:The proportion for the inpatients who received antibiotics in the 4 hospitals was as high as 74.70% on average,while that for the outpatients was 23.50%.Theantibiotics prescribed for outpatients represented 32.04% of the total in terms of consumption sum.There drug utilization in cardiovascular department and the department of nephrology was far from irrational,and the rate of irrational drug use in infants,senile and middle aged patients was on the high side,and overdose was common.CONCLUSION:It's advisable for hospitals to keep the proportion of use of antibiotics under control and tighten monitoring and provide guidance for rational drug use.

0.05). The values of k and Cl were faster and t1/2 was shorter in the middle-aged patients than those in old COPD patients (P0.05). In addition, the results showed that there was no significant change in theophylline recovery in pure serum of theophylline and mixture serum of theophylline and CTRX. CONCLUSION: The pathological state of COPD appears not to affect the pharmacokinetic profiles in middle-aged patients with COPD. It is not necessary to change the therapeutic combination with nifedipine in COPD patients. Theophylline serum concentrations determined by HPLC and UV methods are highly correlated and both can be used in the clinical pharmacokinetics study.

This paper describes a kind of surgical traction machine for physical therapy, which adopts closed loop control mode and a single-chip microcomputer as the control unit. Input can be accomplished through the keyboard or mechanical sensor. Traction is fulfilled through an electromotor-driven mechanism. Inputted parameters and running status can be displayed simultaneously. Being convenient and reliable, the machine can be applied to treatments of cervical spondylosis and lumbar one.

Preterm infants are often significantly growth retarded at the time of hospital discharge.They often in the nutritional crisis after hospital discharge,and should be carefully follow up evaluated.Preterm formula and fortified breast milk may improve the growth of preterm infants and is a reasonable option for preterm infants.Preterm formula and fortified breast milk are recommended for preterm infants with weights below the 10th percentile for age at the time of hospital discharge and those birth weights below 1 500 g.After hospital discharge,exclusively human milk-fed preterm infants are at increased risk for suboptimal growth compared to formula-fed infants.Infants with BPD are at increased risk of growth retardation after hospital discharge.Protein and mineral enriched formula may provide short-term growth catch-up.

Objective: To examine the relationships of academic feedback,mathematic self-efficacy and mathematic achievement of students in grade seven.Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted to 192 students in grade seven randomly selected from a middle school in changchun by group.Results: ①each aspect of academic feedback was significantly correlated with mathematic self-efficacy and mathematic achievement;②effective feedback directly influenced the academic achievement and mathematic self-efficacy;③and the effective feedback and complex feedback influenced the mathematic self-efficacy directly.Conclusion: ①academic feedback,mathematic self-efficacy can influence the mathematic achievement of student;②academic feedback can influence the mathematic self-efficacy of students.This study suggests that proper academic feedbacks can improve the mathematic self-efficacy and achievement of students.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between primary and secondary school teachers' occupational burnout and mental health.Methods: Maslach questionaiers about occupational burnout and mental (MBI) and SCL-90 were administrated to 528 primary and secondary school teachers. Results: (1) Correlation analysis showed significantly positive correlation between primary and secondary school teachers' occupational burnout and mental health. Emotional Exhaustion related highest to somatization, compulsion, interpersonal relation, depression, anxiety, hostility, and paranoid. (2) Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the three dimensions of professional burnout predict significantly mental health, Emotional Exhaustion accounted most for the variance.Conclusion:Teachers occupational burnout is correlated with mental health. Different occupational burnout dimensions can all predict mental health.

Objective: To examine the effect of group mental intervention on implicit and explicit aggression of violent juvenile criminals. Methods: A survey investigation and IAT test on implicit aggression were employed to evaluate the aggression of violent juvenile criminals. And the effect of ten times of group intervention on aggression of juvenile criminals was analyzed. Results: After group mental intervention, the implicit aggression was not reduced significantly, but the intervention effect on explicit aggression was significant. Physical aggression and verbal aggression of explicit aggression reduced significantly, but there was no significant difference in rage and hostility. Conclusion: Group mental intervention is an effective method for reducing explicit aggression of violent juvenile criminals.

Child ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Eye Diseases ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged

Ischemia-reperfusion of the heart leads to the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore(MPTP).Transient opening and subsequent closure of the MPTP may lead to the release of cytochrome c and other proapoptotic molecules.If unrestrained,this will lead to the loss of ionic homeostasis and initiate the cascade of necrotic cell death.Direct or indirect inhibition of MPTP provides protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury.Recent researches have shown that transient low-conductance pore opening also provides protection against reperfusion injury.This review gives summarization of the components,molecular mechanism of MPTP,permeability transition in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and the relationship between MPTP and ischemic preconditioning.This may lead to better protective strategies against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in the future.

Teaching is very important for anesthesiology developmemt,so residents should be cultivated the teaching capacity as soon as possible.This article discussed how to cultivate the teaching capacity of residents in anesthesiology department.