Objective:To explore the types and characteristics of the grief reactions of adolescents to friends'death repeatedly,so as to provide reference for effective psychological intervention. Methods:Three college students aged nineteen and twenty years who experienced the death of friends at least twice in adolescence participa-ted in the study by means of an open recruitment in a college. They had friends died at the age of 9 and 12. And then it happened again when they were 15 and 17. Data was collected by semi-structured interviews with the three selected,and analyzed by thematic analysis to classify the grief reactions after the loss of their friends. Results:The common grief reactions of a friend's death in the interview are:shocked,regret and angry,denying,disbelieving, fear of the death,feeling the cruelty of death,crying,searching for support,shirking and recognizing the cruelty of death. The special grief reactions in the interview,especially when they experienced the second death of a friend are:caring for the dead loved ones,having a mental shadow over friend's role,reducing social activities,seeking stimulating and venting,revolting against the school,violence,and working harder. Conclusion:The grief reactions of adolescents to friends'death repeatedly are diversity. It presents the characteristics of the psychological develop-ment of adolescence. And the adolescents need to be given special attention and appropriate psychological interven-tion.

Objective:In order to detect blood oxygen saturation timely,accurately,and conveniently,a wireless blood oxygen saturation detection module has been developed.Methods:Based on wearable monitoring technology and ZigBee wireless communication technology,we designed a blood oxygen saturation module of finger cuff type.This system is composed of photoplethysmography detection micromodule,ZigBee access terminal,and data analysis program,which realize the functions of waveform display,SpO2 calculation,wireless date transmission and so on.Results:The results show that detection accuracy of photoplethysmography is 98%,and calculating error of SpO2 is less than 8.8% satisfying the performance index of blood oxygen saturation detection.Furthermore,ZigBee wireless communication technology and light source regulator can reduce energy expenditure effectively.Conclusion:With the characters of wireless,low power consumption,miniaturization,and high performance,it can truly reflect physiological condition of patients,and remove lines on them,which make it possible for mobile monitor.

Objective:To investigate the 256 slice spiral CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) application value by using multiple stage double mixed injection velocity tracking method in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.Methods: Fifty patients with pulmonary embolism from 2014 January to 2015 January were treated in our hospital patients as the research object. Using a random number table method, all patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 25 cases each group of patients, two groups of patients in our hospital by imaging with 256 slice spiral CT pulmonary artery (CTPA), the control group were treated by routine pre injection time density curve method, was used in the observation group than in mixed injection agent tracking method by two physicians, CT, using the double-blind assessment of two groups of patients with image quality and quantification of pulmonary artery trunk.Results: in the control group, 25 patients were satisfied with the time - density curve, the results of 5 conventional image quality scores showed no significant difference between the two imaging methods, was not statistically significant; two groups of patients with pulmonary artery trunk, branch clear imaging score and endovascular CT value had no significant difference(t=1.892,t=1.952,t=1.832;P>0.05), but the observation group patients with CTPA were examined by contrast agent dose was significantly lower than the control group, the patient''s heart rate, blood pressure was significantly lower than the control group(t=2.315,t=1.958,t=2.982;P<0.05), with statistical significance. Conclusion: CTPA with multi period mixed double flow injection method can guarantee the tracking based on image quality and diagnostic value can effectively reduce the contrast agent dosage and application effects of cardiac function, and the examination is relatively simple, safe, has clinical value of application and popularization.

Objective:To investigate the effect and application feasibility of low tube voltage, low concentration of contrast agent volume to CTA in the diagnosis of coronary artery stenosis and its effect.Methods: Seventy two cases of suspected patients with coronary atherosclerosis selected as the object Using random number table method, all patients were divided into group A and group B 36 cases in each group, two groups of patients underwent 320 slice CTA examination, in group A the tube voltage is 120kV, the contrast agent was 350mgI/mL iodixanol group, B tube voltage is set to 100kV, the contrast agent was 270mgI/mL iodixanol. According to the examination results of group A, group B and catheter coronary angiography (CCA), evaluated group A, group B of acquiring the image quality and radiation dose of patients, and analyzed the sensitivity of A, B and CCA examination of the extent of coronary artery stenosis degree and deliberately.Results: The quartering method showed no significant difference between the group A and the group B of image quality. There was significant difference between the two groups of patients with the image noise and enhance the effect (t=-4.736, 11.927;P<0.05); Group B of coronary artery stenoses (more than 50%) and severe stenosis (more than 75%) sensitivity, specially degree and coincidence rate compared with the results of CCA showed no significant difference. Kappa consistency analysis showed that the two consistency is good(kappa=1.320,P<0.001).Conclusion: In the premise of ensuring the image quality with low tube voltage, low concentration of contrast agent volume coronary CTA examination had safety and reliability of inspection.

Objective We investigated the effect of rhIL-10 on reperfusion injury and acute rejection in rats after liver transplantation. Methods ACI (RTI a) rats and LEW (RTI 1) rats were used as donors and recipients. The dose of rhIL-10 was 0,2,10,and 50??g?kg -1?d -1. Results rhIL-10 at a dosage of 10??g?kg -1?d -1 significantly prolonged recipient′s survival time (13.1?1.0?d vs. 9.4?0.7d,P

Objective To observe the protective effect of aprotinin on the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury was created by the middle cerebral artery embolization. The changes of IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-8 content in the brain tissue were measured by ELISA. The neurological scores were made on Zea Longa 5-point scale. Results In model group, the IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-8 protein content began to increase slightly at 3 hours compared with sham group, reached the peal[at 12 hours. In the aprotinin treated group, aprotinin reduced the protein content. It showed no significant difference between model group and aprotinin treated group at 3 hours, however and there was greatly difference at 6,12 and 24 hours between these two groups. Conclusion The present study provides in vivo evidence that aprotinin protects brain against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. The mechanism is related to the decrease of cerebral levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-8.

It showed that the distribution of examination score was Gaussian distribution,the average score was 74.4,the paper reliability was 0.81,the difficult coefficient was 0.74 by analyzing and evaluating the quality of the examination paper of pharmacology from 2002 seven-year medical students in Central South University.Some objective questions are too difficult,while some subjective questions are too easy.According to the results of analysis,we think it better to culture the student's multi-ability in analyzing and solving questions by increasing the proportion of subjective question with some difficult coefficient and improving the teaching methods in future teaching.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the related factors of hospital-acquired infection in our hospital for prevention and control of infection.METHODS We carried out a prospective and retrospective study of 26 424 hospitalized patients in our hospital from Jan to Dec 2006.RESULTS From then 1261 patients had hospital-acquired infection(4.77%),the total infection case-time was 1380(5.22%).CONCLUSIONS Hospital-acquired infection is closely related to patients,underlying diseases,old age,invasive procedure,hospital stay and inappropriate antimicrobial agents use.It requires us to strengthen the surveillance of hospital-acquired infection,decrease the unnecessary invasive procedures,shorten hospital stay and use antimicrobial agents appropriately.

Objective: Through managing objectives in our hospital, promote the hospital management. Methods:Use expert advice method to establish the target assessment index system, with the weighted index method to calculate the final score. Results: According to the characteristics of the department, develop differentiated, personalized indicators; objective management system consists of 3 level indicators medical examination standard (680 points), scientific research and teaching standards (220 points), departmental management assessment criteria(100 points), and 45 secondary indicator of internal medicine, surgical 49 second-level indicators. Conclusion: Objective management is the starting point of the hospital and meticulous management, and implementation of objective management enhance the awareness of the collective participation of the medical staffs at all levels, so that the department changes from passive management to active management, and it enhances department execution and promotes the hospital science directly.

Objective:To discuss the performance management method for large medical equipments in hospitals.Methods:13 large medical equipments in a large hospital were selected as samples and the economic efficiency analysis method and comprehensive evaluation method were aaplied to carry out performance management of medical equipment.Results:11 sets of medical equipment had good economic returns,the remaining 2 sets of equipments had a greater degree of loss due to lack of business and lack of qualification.Conclusion:Performance management of large medical equipments would help change the efficiency management of equipment from extensive to elaborate management.