Bone metastasis is one of the most common complications of malignant tumors.Cell adhesion molecules(CAMs),including cadherin family,integrin family,selectin family,immunoglobulin superfamily,and hyaladherin,play an important role in bone metastasis of tumor through homotypic and heterotypic adhesive interactions.In this review,molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning bone metastasis associated with CAMs,the role in a multi-step bone metastatic cascades will be discussed.

Objective To determine the serum level of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) of uremia and its expression in the vascular wall and peritoneum of dialysis patient, meanwhile to explore its possible significance. Methods Using the ELISA method to determine the serum level of AGEs of uremia; using immunohistochemical method to examine the expression of AGEs in the vascular wall of uremia patients undergoing hemodialysis and the expression of AGEs and laminin in the peritoneum of uremic patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Results The AGEs level of uremic patients was obviously higher than that in the normal. No kind of dialysis could clear it well. AGEs accumulated obviously in the vassular wall of hemodialysis patients. After CAPD the expression of AGEs and laminin in the peritoneum was significantly strong. There was an obviously positive correlation between AGEs and laminin, so between these two and the time of peritoneal dialysis. Conclusions The high serum level of AGEs and its accumulation in the vascular wall may relate with the high incidence of cardic diseases of the uremia. Accumulation of AGEs and laminin in the peritoneum of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis may be one of the reasons causing peritoneum sclerosis and dysultrafiltration

Objective:To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of Astragalus Saponin on macrophages and explore the mechanisms of its immunomodulation.Methods:By adding different concentrations of AS into cultured mice peritoneal macrophages,the influence of AS on synthesis of nitro oxide(NO)was observed by NO Kit(enzymic method).MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxicity of macrophages induced by AS.The morphological changes of the macrophages were identified by Transmission Electron Microscope.LSCM and specificity fluorescent probe Fluo-3/AM were applied to observe the change of Ca2+ in the macrophages induced by AS.Results:AS could significantly increase NO synthesis,enhance the capacity of mice peritoneal macrophages for cytotoxicity to carcinoma cells.The surface projections of the macrophages were exhibited multiplicating,thickening and extenting via Transmission Electron Microscope.Augmented intracellular Ca2+ in the macrophage was observed by LSCM.Conclusion:AS can enhance the immune functions of macrophages,the increase of intracellular Ca2+ be one of the mechanisms of its immunomodulatory effects.

AIM To observe the synergical effects of ginsenoside of stem and leaf(GSL)in combination with choline on learning and memory of Alzheimers disease(AD). MEHODS AD animal models were made by damaging nucleus basalis of Meynert with quinolinic acid. One time training passive aviodance step-down and water-maze spatial localization task were used to observe the ability of learning and memory.RESULTS Treatment with combination of GSL(400 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ,ig) and choline(200 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ,ig) on AD rats decreased significantly the number of errors on step down (ig for 13 days) and the training times to reach the criterion on water maze (ig for 16 days). The effect of GSL in combination with choline was more remarkable than that of GSL or choline and proved no obvious difference compaired with that of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine (10 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 ,ig). Value Q was more than one after administrition of both GSL and choline. CONCLUSION GSL in combination with choline may synergically improve the impairement of learning and memory of AD.

Objective To observe the prognosis and correlated factors of cystoid macular edema (CME) secondary to uveitis.Methods A retrospective,noncomparative case series study.The clinical data of 31 uveitis patients with CME were collected from Uveitis & Ocular Immunology Service of Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital from August 2011 to December 2015.Pre-treatment and post-treatment data were collected,including details of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA),central macular thickness (CMT),other macular complications,and intraocular pressure (IOP).Results Twenty-seven patients (36 eyes) were analyzed.At the 1 st month after treatment,complete resolution of CME was achieved in 14 eyes (38.9％),BCVA increased from (0.66 ±0.36) LogMAR at baseline to (0.40 ±0.31) LogMAR (P ＜0.001),and CMT decreased from (469.0 ± 99.1) μm at baseline to (368.7 ± 85.9) μm (P ＜ 0.001).At the 3rd month after treatment,complete resolution of CME was found in 19 eyes (52.8％),no significant difference was found in CMT(323.9 ±60.0) μm or BCVA(0.37 ±0.32)LogMAR compared with the 1 st month after treatment (P ＞ 0.05),significant difference was found in CMT(P ＜0.001) or BCVA(P ＜0.001) before the start of treatment.At the 6th month or more after treatment,complete resolution of CME occurred in 25 eyes (69.4％),BCVA(0.32 ± 0.28)LogMAR was significant difference compared with that before the start of treatment(P ＜ 0.05),at the 1st month(P ＜ 0.05),at the 3rd month (P ＜ 0.05).CMT (294.2 ± 81.2) μm was significant difference compared with that before the start of treatment(P ＜0.001),at the 1st month(P ＜0.001),however,no significant difference was compared with that at the 3rd month (P ＞ 0.05).At the 6th month or more after treatment,11 eyes (30.6％) had a persistent macular edema,complicated with macular epiretinal membrane,no significant correlation between the reduction of CMT(185.0 ± 114.2) μm and the improvement of BCVA (0.29 ± 0.21) LogMAR was found (r =0.322,P=0.052),while the improvement of BCVA(0.29 ± 0.21)LogMAR was negatively associated with the duration of CME(8.4 ±9.8)months(r =-0.395,P =0.015).Conclusion Current therapies are effective in curing most of the CME secondary to uveitis.The duration of CME,is correlated with poor final visual acuity,the presence of ERM is an important factor associated with regression of CME.

Acquired syphilis uveitis,due to lack of the characteristic features,presents with various types.The most common type is posterior uveitis and panuveitis,including chorioretinitis,retinal vasculitis,optic nerve retinitis.The diagnosis and assessment of response to treatment depends mainly on the serological diagnostic tests,including nontreponemal and treponemal test.Acquired syphilis uveitis often presents with manifestations similar to various types of uveitis,especially to autoimmune uveitis and other infectious uveitis,so differential diagnosis is important.The gold standard treatment for active syphilitic uveitis is penicillin G,or doxycycline if patient is allergy to penicillin.Clinically misdiagnosis and delayed treatment may result in irreversible visual impairment and severe systemic and eye complications.However such timely treatment always has a good prognosis.

Aim To identify the effect of policosanol on LDL-R activity.Methods In vitro cell culture experiments conventional methods were used to observe the direct effect of policosanol on mononuclear cells LDL-R.In vivo experiments self-control and negative-control group design methods were used to observe the effect of policosanol on LDL-R activity in the patients with hypercholesterolemia.LDL-R activity was analysed by fluorescence flow cytometry and labeled by the fluorescent reagent DiI.Results Policosanol 5~20 mg?L-1 obviously activated the activity of LDL-R in human mononuclear cells,policosanol levels and the activity of LDL-R in human mononuclear cells showed significantly dose-effect relationship in vitro study.These tendency could also be seen in the patients with hypercholesterolemia after policosanol treatment for four weeks in vivo study.As the increasing of policosanol dose,the activity of LDL-R in human mononuclear cells remarkably increased in the patients with hypercholesterolemia Conclusions Policosanol up-regulates the activity of the LDL-R in the mononuclear cells and reduce cholesterol level in the body.Policosanol reduce lipids through multiple ways including LDL-R.

Objective To summarize and describe clinical features and treatment outcome of syphilitic scleritis.Methods A retrospective study was conducted in patients diagnosed as syphilitic scleritis from 2011 to 2016 in our hospital.Clinical characteristics and prognosis were evaluated.Results Seven patients (7 eyes) were diagnosed as syphilitic scleritis by clinical and serological examinations.All patients were unaware that they had syphilis infection before visit.The ocular manifestation was the only clinical fmdings in three patients.Both treponema pallidum particle agglutination and rapid plasma regain were positive.Meanwhile,the scleritis infection was excluded,tests for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were negative.Syphilitic scleritis was unilateral in all patients,and the duration was from one week to two years.Initial symptoms were varied in degree of ocular redness,pain and visual impairment.Two patients presented with anterior episcleritis,nodular anterior scleritis was found in three patients,one patient showed diffuse anterior scleritis,and one patient presented with diffuse episcleritis combined with acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis.All patients were treated with penicillin G,and inflammation resolved quickly after treatment.Conelusion Syphilitic scleritis is rare and ease to be misdiagnosed,various types of anterior scleritis is the main manifestation.Syphilitic serologic test should be performed for the suspected cases.The prognosis is well with anti-syphilis therapy.

Aim To study the growth inhibitory effect of the conjugate ( ovarian cancer specific targeting peptide and cisplatin, OSTP-DDP ) that targeting ovarian cancer cells A2780. Methods Using chemical method to syn-thesize OSTP-DDP, ovarian cancer cells A2780 were cul-tured in vitro, using CCK-8 method ( Cell Counting Kit-8) to detect the growth inhibitory effect of ovarian cancer A2780 cells, which were disposed by OSTP-DDP and DDP. Annexin V-FITC was used to detect the cycle and apoptosis effect of ovarian cancer A2780 cells which were disposed by OSTP-DDP and DDP. Results According to the mass spectrometry and the high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) analysis, OSTP-DDP was proved to synthesize successfully. CCK-8 assay showed that both OSTP-DDP and DDP could play the growth in-hibitory effect and showed a concentration-dependent manner when cells were treated in different concentrations (10,20,40,80,160,320μmol·L-1 ) respectively after 24 h, 48 h, 72 h. And the effect of OSTP-DDP was stronger than DDP (P<0. 05), indicated OSTP-DDP had targeted cytostatic effect. The result of the flow cytometry showed that cell cycle was mostly arrested in G1 phase after 72h treated by OSTP-DDP and DDP, the inhibitory effect of OSTP-DDP was stronger than DDP (P<0. 05). The apop-tosis effect of OSTP-DDP was stronger than DDP ( P <0. 01),suggested that OSTP-DDP had a stronger targeting apoptosis-inducing effect. Conclusion OSTP-DDP has the targeting growth inhibitory effect on the ovarian cancer cell A2780, OSTP as a chemotherapeutic drug targeting vector has a great prospect to treat ovarian cancer.

The microbial transformation of buflomedil by Cunninghamella blakesleana AS 3.153 was studied, as well as a microbial model which can be used to mimic metabolism of buflomedil in mammal was established. Experiments were conducted to screen the capabilities of four strains of Cunninghamella species to transform buflomedil, in which C. blakesleana AS 3.153 was selected for a preparative biotransformation. Furthermore, the microbial model was established based on the transformation condition optimization. The parent drug and its metabolites produced by C. blakesleana AS 3.153 were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method and three metabolites were identified while two of them were new found metabolites. Two major metabolites, para-O-desmethyl buflomedil and 12-C-oxidated buflomedil, were isolated by semi-preparative HPLC. Based on the comparison between different species, the microbial transformation of buflomedil by C. blakesleana AS 3.153 is more similar to the metabolism of buflomedil in human and Beagle dog than that in rat.