Fibulin protein family has widely existed in the extracellular matrix, and plays an important role in maintain the stable of basement membrane, elastic fibers and loose connective tissue. Fibulin-5 (FBLN-5) is one of the members of the Fibulin protein family, which is essential to the structure function and cell mediated action. The lack of FBLN-5 will cause many diseases such as internal organ deformity. Current research suggests that changes of expression level of FBLN-5 are associated with the occurrence of tumors such as lung cancer, and also can influence the tumor proliferation, invasion and prognosis, thus may become a new molecular marker for cancer diagnosis. Therefore, in this review, we summarize and update biological characteristics and functions of FBLN-5, and its role in the development of tumor formation mechanism.

Objective There are quite a few chemotherapeutic adjuvants for the treatment of advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma, but all have their adverse effects. This study was to evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of the induction chemotherapy of S?1 plus docetaxel and cisplatin in the treatment of advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods Totally, 84 patients with advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma were randomly divided into an observation and a control group of equal number, the former trea?ted with S?1 plus docetaxel and cisplatin and the latter with 5?fluorouracil, docetaxel and cisplatinand, both for two cycles ( 1 cycle =21 d) . Then the effects and adverse events were evaluated and compared between the two groups of patients. Results No statistically significant differences were observed in the response rate between the observation and control groups of patients (76.19% vs 73.81%, P>0.05). The incidence rates of adverse events, such as nausea and vomiting (66.67% vs 88.10%, P<0.05) and phlebitis (0 vs 19.05%, P<0.05) , were remarkably lower in the former than in the latter group. Conclusion S?1 plus docetaxel and cisplatin is a reli?able induction chemotherapy with few adverse effects in the treatment of advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective:We probe more direct operation pathways in sphenoidal sinus and saddle area, and take proper measures for correlated diseases which surpass scope of sphenoidal sinus by combining image data, which could prevent serious complication.Method:Under nasal endoscope, the operation approaches we adopted included trans-anterior ethmoid sinus-posterior ethmoid sinus-sphenoidal sinus pathway, trans-meatus nasi superior-posterior ethmoid sinus-sphenoidal sinus pathway, trans nasal septum-sphenoidal sinus pathway and trans-natural opening of sphenoid sinus anterior into sphenoid sinus pathway by taking upper edge of posterior naris as a consistent surgical landmark. Forty-six cases who had sphenoidal sinus mass with bone erosion recieved surgical treatment.Result:Twenty-one cases with cyst and pus cyst of sphenoidal sinus had been healed by trans-meatus nasi superior pathway;1 case with hematoma and organization in sphenoidal sinus had been cleared by trans-meatus nasi superior pathway;3 cases had hematoma and organization in sphenoidal sinus and pseudoaneurysm in internal carotid artery,one of them suffered fatal hemorrhage in surgical exploration, and cured by endovascular embolization, the other two only underwent nasal endoscopic examination,the diagnosis was established by DSA and they received interventional therapy;4 cases with papilloma in sphenoidal sinus had been treated by trans-natural opening of sphenoid sinus approach,and 3 cases were cured,1 case had only partial mass resection as the papilloma offended the outer wall of sphenoidal sinus diffusely;2 cases with cholesteatoma of sphenoid sinus have been removed completely by trans-meatus nasi superior approach;1 case with encephalomeningocele of sphenoidal sinus underwent sphenoidotomy by trans-natural opening of anterior of sphenoidal sinus, and intraoperative puncture showed characteristic cerebrospinal fluid,the exposed meninges were then repaird surgically;1 case with mycosis of sphenoidal sinus had been cured by thorough clearing of the leision in sphenoidal sinus combined with antifungal therapy;3 cases with malignancy of sphenoidal sinus had received major mass resection of sphenoidal sinus by trans-anterior ethmoid sinus-posterior ethmoid sinus approach, and followed with radio therapy and chemotheraphy;5 cases with NPC in-volving sphenoidal sinus had been treated by radio therapy and chemotherapy after pathological examinacation;5 cases with post-operative cerebrospinal rhinorrhea and granulation hyperplasia of sphenoidal sinus had been repaired successfully by trans-meatus nasi superior approach or tans-nasal septum approach.Conclusion:There are various surgical pathways to deal with sphenoidal sinus and correlated diseases under nasal endoscope.The operation will be direct, safe and minimal invasive if we choose the pathway properly. Thin slice CT scan and 3D reconstruction of sella, and DSA or angiography of brain before operation is one of effective means to prevent surgical complications for leisions beyond scope of sphenoidal sinus.

BACKGROUND:Both in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed that, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) regulates the differentiation of osteoblasts and chondroblasts, induces heterotopic bone formation, promotes fracture healing, and controls the morphology of skeleton in mammals.
OBJECTIVE:To treat chronic bone defects using particle gun containing BMP2 gene eukaryotic expression plasmid via local injection.
METHODS:A total of 72 healthy New Zealand white rabbits were applied to establish chronic bone defect model in the rabbit radius. According to the length of bone defect, the rabbits were divided into three groups:1.5 cm group, 2.0 cm group, 2.5 cm group. Each group was further randomly assigned into two subgroups:treatment group (BMP-2 gene transfection) and control group (natural y healing). X-ray examinations were performed at 1, 3, 8 and 9 weeks after transfection, and soft tissue between the bone defects was harvested to detect BMP-2 using western blot analysis;and radius specimens were taken for gross observation at the same time points, to evaluate the healing.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Gross specimen observation:bone cal us formation in treatment group was general y more than that in control group. (2) Lane-Sandhu X-ray score in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group at 1, 3, 8, 9 weeks after transfection (P<0.05). (3) BMP-2 concentration in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group at each time point (P<0.05). The local transfer of particle gun-mediated BMP-2 gene is an effective therapy of chronic bone defect.

Objective To investigate the effect of low sound pressure level infrasound on che-mokine-mediated inflammatory response in spinal cord in rats with neuropathic pain.Methods Seven-ty-two healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (group Sham),neuro-pathic pain group (group NP)and low sound pressure level infrasound intervention group (group LNP),24 in each.The sciatic nerve injury models were established.3 d after the model constructed, the rats in group LNP started to receive low sound pressure level infrasound therapy,4 h per day, continued for 21 d.1 d before surgery (T0 )and 3 d after surgery (T1 ),all rats were detected me-chanical paw withdrawal threshold (MWT).Respectively,after treated for 7 d (T2 ),14 d (T3 )and 21 d (T4 ),eight rats were randomly selected from each group and their MWT was measured.The ex-pressions of MCP-1 mRNA,CCR2 mRNA,TNF-αmRNA,IL-1βmRNA,and IL-6 mRNA in spinal cord in rats were detected using quantitative PCR,the expressions of MCP-1 protein and CCR2 protein in spinal cord in rats were detected by using Western blot.Results MWT in groups NP and LNP at T1-T4 was lower than that of group Sham,and that in group LNP at T3-T4 were higher than that of group NP,respectively (P <0.05).Compared with group Sham,the relative expression levels of MCP-1 mRNA,CCR2 mRNA,TNF-αmRNA,IL-1βmRNA,and IL-6 mRNA in spinal cord tis-sues in groups NP and LNP at T2-T4 were increased (P <0.05);compared with group NP,the rela-tive expression levels of MCP-1 mRNA,CCR2 mRNA,TNF-αmRNA,IL-1βmRNA,and IL-6 mR-NA in spinal cord were decreased in group LNP at T3-T4 (P <0.05 ).Western blot analysis showedthat the relative expression levels of MCP-1 protein and CCR2 proteinin spinal cord in groups NP and LNP at T2-T4 were higher than that of group Sham,while relative expression levels of MCP-1 protein and CCR2 proteinin spinal cord in group LNP at T3-T4 were lower than that of group NP. Conclusion The low sound pressure level infrasound could effectively reduce neuropathic pain in rats, possibly via inhibiting chemokine-mediated cascade inflammatory reaction.

Objective To investigate the medication rules for the treatment of hepatopathy by national medical masters. Methods The prescriptions for hepatopathy were collected to build a database based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) inheritance assist system. After analyzed by the data mining, such as apriori algorithm and complex system entropy cluster, the frequency of single medicine and drug combinations that used in prescriptions, and the association rules among drugs were obtained. Results The most frequently used drugs were Herba Artemisiae Capillaris, Tuckahoe, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, and Radix Bupleuri, et al. The most frequently used drug combinations were “Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Tuckahoe”, “Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Tuckahoe”, and “Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Herba Artemisiae Capillaris”, et al. And when the confidence of drug association rules was 1, the drug combinations were“Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Giant Knotweed→Herba Artemisiae Capillaris”,“Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Radix curcumae→Herba Artemisiae Capillaris”, “Giant Knotweed, Gardenia→Herba Artemisiae Capillaris” and so on. Conclusion The medicines were often with the actions of clearing heat, removing dampness, regulating qi and activating blood circulation, which were used for the treatment of hepatopathy by national medical masters.

Objective:To analyze the clinical effect of different surgical methods on giant-cell tumor of bone (GCTB). Methods:Between January 2007 and June 2012, 37 patients receiving treatment for GCTB were enrolled in this study. These patients included 20 males and 17 females whose ages ranged from 20 to 56 (average=31.6). The prosthesis replacement and nonprosthetic replacement op-eration on the postoperative recurrence, limb function, comprehensive evaluation of the curative effect, as well as morbidity and recur-rence rate among different nations and in the upper and lower limbs of GCTB patients were analyzed. Results:The predilection age of the cases ranged from 20 to 50 years old. The incidence was higher in the Uighur population of Xinjiang, China. However, the recur-rence rate in ethnic difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion:The predilection age of GCTB cases was 20~50 years old, with higher morbidity in Uighur than in Han and other ethnic groups. The morbidity and recurrence rate were higher in the lower limbs than in the upper limbs of patients. The scraping bone graft and bone cement filling, the internal fixation of the scraping bone graft, and the artificial joint replacement of tumor resection were all reliable modes of treatment.

BACKGROUND:In mass spectrometry analysis, the same protein in different samples labeled with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation presents the same mass-to-charge ratio, while in the tandem mass spectrometry analysis, the ion signal shows different mass-to-charge ratio (114-121). Thus the quantitative information of the related proteins can be obtained. OBJECTIVE:To establish the protein spectrum of spinal cord tissue differences proteins after acute spinal cord injury, and to explore the spinal differential protein expression on the molecular level using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation combined with LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry technique. METHODS:Eight Sprague Dawley rats were selected to establish the acute spinal cord injury models using Al en’s method. The rats were randomly divided into 0 hour spinal cord injury group and 8 hours spinal cord injury group, four rats in each group. The spinal cord tissues were col ected after injury, and the spinal cord tissue differences proteins were analyzed with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation technique after acute spinal cord injury. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Total y 220 differential y expressed proteins were identified in this research, the number of up-regulation proteins was 116 and the number of down-regulation proteins was 104. There were 12 differential proteins related to neural regeneration, and among the 12 proteins, there were seven up-regulation proteins and five down-regulation proteins. The various identified differential proteins and significantly expressed nerve growth factors in this experiment can be used as the biomarkers of acute spinal cord injury or used as the strong evidence for the clinical management and monitoring of the injury process and target therapy of acute spinal cord injury, as wel as the effect evaluation.

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice.Methods:Male C57BL/6J mice aged 8-12 weeks were divided into 4 groups with 8 mice in each group, according to the method of simple random sampling. Sepsis-induced ALI mice model was established by intraperitoneal injection of LPS 5 mg/kg (LPS group), and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) control group (PBS group) was injected with equal volume of PBS. The LPS+FICZ group was intervened by intraperitoneal injection of 1 μg FICZ 1 hour after LPS stimuli, while the FICZ control group (FICZ group) was given the same amount of FICZ 1 hour after intraperitoneal injection of PBS. Serum and lung tissue were collected 24 hours after LPS stimuli, and the pathological changes of lung tissue were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio of lung tissue. The concentrations of inflammatory factors in serum and lung tissue were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway related molecules were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting.Results:Compared with PBS group, inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar collapse and obvious alveolar exudative lesions had increased, lung tissue W/D ratio was significantly increased, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) level, lung tissue IL-6 mRNA expression, and the mRNA expressions of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), CCAAT/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), and the protein expressions of GRP78, PERK, activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), CHOP in lung tissue were significantly increased in LPS group. However, the indexes of FICZ group were not affected. Compared with LPS group, LPS+FICZ group had less inflammatory cell infiltration, relatively intact alveolar structure. Lung W/D weight ratio in LPS+FICZ group was significantly decreased (5.38±0.10 vs. 6.60±0.30, P < 0.01), so as serum IL-6 (ng/L: 15.55±3.77 vs. 32.22±3.84) and lung IL-6 mRNA expression (2 -ΔΔCt: 0.79±0.21 vs. 6.89±0.92, both P < 0.01). The mRNA expressions of GRP78, PERK and CHOP were also significantly decreased [GRP78 mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 1.90±0.16 vs. 7.55±1.29, PERK mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 1.68±0.20 vs. 4.54±0.89, CHOP mRNA (2 -ΔΔCt): 1.13±0.24 vs. 4.44±1.13, all P < 0.05], and the protein expressions of GRP78, PERK, ATF6 and CHOP were significantly decreased (GRP78/GAPDH: 0.59±0.02 vs. 0.77±0.01, PERK/GAPDH: 0.48±0.03 vs. 1.04±0.05, ATF6/GAPDH: 0.51±0.03 vs. 0.65±0.01, CHOP/GAPDH: 0.91±0.05 vs. 1.11±0.07, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:FICZ protects LPS-induced ALI possibly via suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress and reducing IL-6 expression in blood and lung tissue.

BACKGROUND:It has been studied that the distribution of bone morphogenetic protein 2 is regular under bone defect situation. OBJECTIVE:To observe the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 in rabbit radial defect site with different lengths. METHODS:Forty-eight New Zealand rabbits were divided into two groups randomly, 0.5 cm bone defect and 3.0 cm bone defect were made by wire saw at the middle part of radius bone after anaesthesia. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Western blot results showed that in the 0.5 cm bone defect group, the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 of the tissues in the bone defect site was increased gradual y at 1, 3, 4 weeks after operation, and the expression in each defect group was increased when compared with that immediately after injury (P<0.05). In the 3.0 cm bone defect group, the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 of tissues in bone defect site was increased gradual y and reached to its peak at 3 weeks after the operation (P<0.05), and the peak value in the 3.0 cm bone defect group was significantly higher than that in 0.5 cm bone defect group (P<0.05). The peak value was maintained in high level. The comparison of bone cal us formation showed that the bone cal us formation of 3.0 cm bone defect group was less than that of the 0.5 cm bone defect group at 3 and 4 weeks after operation (P<0.05). The results indicate that expression of the bone morphogenetic protein 2 in 3.0 cm bone defect site is increased significantly, but the expression level cannot make the bone defect heal itself.