Objective:To discuss the application of water-aided colonoscopy in the enteroscopy, and compare with traditional air insufflations colonoscopy so as to analyze the efficacy and safety of clinical enteroscopy.Methods: 248 patients accepted with non-anesthesia colonoscopy were enrolled in this study and they were divided into two groups (water-aided group,n=124, air insufflations group,n=124) as the random number table. All clinical data of two groups were collected, and the bowel preparation statuses of patients was evaluated when the colonoscopes were taken out. During detection, the success rate of intubation, the entrance time of colonoscope, the withdrawal time of colonoscope and the total time of examinations were recorded. After detection, the pains score of patients were recorded and evaluated, and a series of auxiliary operation in the process, such as the change of body position, abdominal compression and the adjustment for hardness were recorded. Results: The differences of bowel preparation status scores of left colon, transverse colon, right colon and the whole colon between two groups were not statistically significant(t=0.98,t=0.85,t=1.07,t=1.51;P>0.05). The difference of success rate of intubation between two groups was no significant(x2=0.73,P>0.05). The entrance time, the withdrawal time of colonoscope and the total time of intubation of water-aided group were significantly higher than these of air insufflations group, while the VAS of water-aided group was significantly lower than that of air insufflations group(t=5.78,t=3.85,t=5.64, t=10.25;P<0.05). Besides, there were no significant differences in the usage rates of abdominal compression, hardness adjustment and total usage rate of auxiliary operation between two groups(t=0.92,t=1.58, t=2.07;P>0.05).Conclusion: The water-aided colonoscopy can relieve pain of patients, and it doesn't affect the success rate of intubation for cecum.

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy of POEM treating patient with achalasia of cardia and observe the risk factor of effecting curative efficacy.Methods: 66 patients with achalasia of cardia who were treated by using POEM were enrolled in this study, and series of indicators of esophagus dynamics including LESRP, LESP, LESRR and LESL were detected in pre and post operation. Clinical symptom score system(Eckardt score) of achalasia of cardia was adopted to evaluate the effect of surgical treatment for patients at the pre and post operation 7d, and the diameter of widest part of esophagus at pre and post operation 7d were detected. The incidence rate of pneumoderm, substernal ache, pulmonary infection, pleural effusion, tunnel bleeding, postoperative reflux and esophageal perforation and other complications were analyzed and the relative risk factors of effecting curative effect were observed.Results: The LESRP and LESP of patients with achalasia of cardia of post-operative 7d were significantly lower than that of pre-operative 7d(t=12.74,t=17.56,P<0.05), while the LESRR and LESL of post operative 7d were significantly higher than that of pre-operative 7d(t=9.10,t=14.86,P<0.05) , respectively. And the Eckardt score and widest diameter of post-operative 7d were significantly lower than that of pre-operation(t=19.49, t=7.83,P<0.05), respectively. Besides, the incidence rate of complication of patients in post-operation was 48.48％. As the results of Logistic regression, age, Chicago type and Ling type were the risk factors that affect curative effect of POEM for achalasia of chardia. And as the analysis, the prognosis was better when the patient's age was less than 60 years, Chicago II type and Ling type.Conclusion: POEM can significantly improve the indicators of esophagus dynamics, and the complication will be few and the curative effect will be exact in middle and short term of post-operation by using this method. Therefore, it is a safe and effective surgical mode.

Objective: To observe the effect of acupuncture-moxibustion on the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and suppressor of cytokine signaling-2 (SOCS2) in colonic mucosa of rat models of ulcerative colitis (UC), and explore the mechanism of acupuncture- moxibustion therapy in treating UC. Methods: The rats were randomized into a normal control (NC) group, a model control (MC) group, an herb-partitioned moxibustion (HPM) group and an electroacupuncture (EA) group, 8 in each group. The rat models of UC were established by immunological methods combined with local stimulation. The rats in the HPM and EA groups were given herb-partitioned moxibustion and electroacupuncture treatments respectively, once every day, lasting for 14 d. The morphological variations of rat's colonic mucosa were observed under light microscope; the colonic mucosal mucin was detected by PAS-AB and HID-AB staining methods; the expression of IGF-1 and SOCS2 was assayed by the immunohistochemical method. Results: In the rat models of UC, ulceration and inflammation of the colon were revealed by light microscope. The concentration of colonic mucosal mucin was reduced (P<0.01), while the expression of IGF-1 had an increase (P<0.01), and the expression of SOCS2 was reduced (P<0.01). After HPM or EA treatment, the pathological injuries of colonic mucosa had improved, the concentration of mucin increased (P<0.01), the expression of IGF-1 decreased (P<0.01), and the expression of SOCS2 increased (P<0.01). Conclusion: The secretion of mucosal mucin in rat UC decreased, the expression of IGF-1 was significantly higher, while the expression of SOCS2 was remarkably lower; both HPM and EA can help improve the damage of colonic mucosa in rat UC, and modulate the secretion of mucin, as well as regulate the expression of IGF-1 and SOCS2 in the colonic mucosa.

Electromagnetic tracking is a method to track the position and space attitude of objects utilizing electromagnetic field. In this paper, the main methods during the development of Electromagnetic tracking are summarized and classified according to the magnetic field generation method, the number of magnetic sources and sensors used, the configuration and geometry of them. Tracking algorithm and calibration methods are also discussed. The critical issues during the development of electromagnetic tracking are analyzed, with the hope of helping the further research and application of electromagnetic tracking.
Algorithms ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Phantoms, Imaging

Objective To observe the effects of physical agents therapy on serum hs-CRP, TNF-α andadiponectin in patients with cerebral infarction and the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods Sixty patientswith cerebral infarction were randomly and equally divided into two groups: 30 cases were treated with physical a-gents therapy ( physical therapy group) , and 30 with drugs only ( drug treated group). Thirty normal subjectsserved as the control group. The level of hs-CRP in the serum was determined by latex agglutination reaction, TNF-and adiponectin were determined by using ELISA before and after therapy. Results The levels of serum hs-CRP and TNF-α of patients with cerebral infarction before therapy were much higher than those of the control group,but adiponectin was significantly lower than those of the control group( P < 0.01 ). After therapy, the levels of ser-um hs-CRP and TNF-α were decreased and adiponectin was increased significantly in both treated groups ( P <0.01 ). Comparison with two treated groups showed that the levels of hs-CRP and TNF-α were lower and adiponec-tin was obviously higher in physical agents therapy group than those in the drug treated group ( P < 0.05 ). Con-clusion The patients with cerebral infarction have low level of serum adiponectin. Physical therapy might exertbeneficial effects on patients with cerebral infarction by the decreasing serum hs-CRP and TNF-α, as well as by ele-vating adiponectin.

asic life care should be carried out immediately.

Objective:To study the curative efficacy of wenxin granule combined with propafenone in the treatment of arrhythmia and its effects on the serum levels ofhs-CRP,TNF-α,IL-6 and heart function.Methods:96 patients of arrhythmia who were treated from July 2014 to October 2016 in our hospital were selected and randomly divided into the observation group (n=48) and the control group (n=48).The control group was treated with propafenone,while the observation group was treated with wenxin granuleon.Then the serum levels of hs-CRP,TNF-α and IL-6,heart function,clinical efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions were observed and compared between the two groups before and after the treatment.Results:After treatment,the total effective rate of observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05).The serum levels of hs-CRP,TNF-α and IL-6 of observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05);the left ventricular end diastolic dimension (LVEDD) and left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD) of observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group,and the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was significantly higher than that of control group(P＜0.05);the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Wenxin granule combined with propafenone was effective for arrhythmia,it could effectively improve the heart function and high safety,which might be related to the decrease of serum hs-CRP,TNF-and IL-6 levels.

Objective To investigate sequence variations of 12 miRNA genes in multiple myeloma(MM) in order to find whether sequence variations in miRNA genes are associated with tumorigenesis and discuss the clinical significance of MM associated with miRNA genes mutations. Methods The miRNA gene mutations in 20 cases of MM, 4 MM-derived cell lines and 20 controls were detected by the methods of polymerase chain reaction single stranded conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and silver staining technique. Both clinical features and laboratory results were analyzed simultaneously. Results The electrophoretic patterns showed a total of three variations in miR-19a, miR-19b and miRNA-335,which were observed in 3 MM cells (15 %, 3/20). We also found variations of miRNA-335 in MM-derived cell lines KM-3and RPMI8226. However, no sequence alteration in the miRNA genes was observed in our set of controls. One of the three MM patients died, and two of them were detected mutations at the terminal stage of the disease.Conclusion A relative high frequency of miRNA gene mutation was found in MM and MM derived cell lines, which suggests possibility of a main mechanism underlying tumorigenesis. And, detecting miRNA gene mutations in MM might be benefit to evaluate the progression and prognosis of disease.

Objective To construct a recombinant adenovirus vector of Hairpin RNA specific for MRP1 gene and study its inhibition of MRP1 gene expression in K562/AS2 cell line resistant to AS_2O_3 (ATO). Methods A MRP1-specific hairpin RNA recombinant adenovirus vector was constructed and used to infected K562/AS2 cells. Expression level of MRP1 mRNA detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. MRP1 protein detected by flow cytometry. MTT method was used to detected the cytotoxicity of ATO and etoposide. Results MRP1 mRNA and protein expression level in K562/AS2 cells before and after the pAd-MRPl-shRNA adenovirus infection was (34.70±0.28 vs 4.19±0.03, P <0.05) and (26.40±0.16 vs 10.85±0.37, P<0.05), respectively. RR of K562/AS2 to arsenic trioxide and etoposide was (11.4078±0.3183 fold vs 1.6126±0.3015 fold, P<0.05) and (5.9141 ±0.0149 fold vs 1.7664±0.1038 fold, P <0.05), respectively. The reversal fold of ATO and etoposide was (7.2409±1.3668) and (3.3555±0.1886), respectively. Conclusion Successfully constructed pAd-EGFP-U6-shRNA-MRPl adenovirus vector, the vector of infection K562/SA2 cells can inhibit MRP1 gene expression and reverse the resistance of the ATO and etoposide.

Objective To investigate the reversal effect of Topo Ⅱα-shRNA and Topo Ⅱβ-shRNA on Topo Ⅱ gene in K562/AS2 cells. Methods Three pieces of Topo Ⅱα-shRNA and three pieces of Topo Ⅱβ-shRNA were designed,synthesized and transfected into K562/AS2 cells by liposome. Expression level of Topo Ⅱα and Topo Ⅱβ mRNA were determined by real time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The expressions of Topo Ⅱα and Topo Ⅱβ protein were assayed with flow cytometer. Results After treated with Topo Ⅱα-shRNA or Topo Ⅱβ-shRN A for 24 hours,the expression level of Topo Ⅱα mRNA and Topo Ⅱβ mRNA protein in K562/AS2 cells decreased at most (78.22±0.01) %,(31.17±1.27) % (P <0.05),and (57.36±0.01)%,(23.98±1.22) % (P <0.05) respectively. Conclusion The expression of Topo Ⅱ gene can be down-regulated after infected with Topo Ⅱ-shRNA in K562/ AS2 cell line.