ObjectiveTo explore the causes and countermeasures for extravasation of intravenous fluids in children. Methods726 cases of intravenous infusion in pediatric surgery department from May to December 2011 in our hospital were observed. ResultsThere were 30 cases with extravasation of intravenous infusion in the 726 cases,the leakage rate was 4.13％.The specific causes of fluid extravasation included:younger age of children,not cooperating with the infusion in 18 cases,accounting for 60.00％,followed by non standardized fixation methods in 5 cases,accounting for 16.67％,and accompanying family members refused to be disturbed accounted for 13.33％,Nursing visits to owe in a timely manner accounted for 6.67％.The rate of younger age of children and lack of cooperation leading to fluid extravasation were significantly higher than other causes,the difference was statistically significant. ConclusionsChildren age,fixation method,cooperation of family members,inspections and other factors can be controlled.Along with the continuous improvement of medical standards and a variety of active and effective implementation of the measures,these factors can be controlled effectively.Strengthening the training of nurses and vocational skills to enhance their own sense of responsibility,to give standardized infusion operation and fixation,and give predictable observation and treatment,can effectively prevent the occurrence of extravasation of intravenous fluids.

Objective To investigate the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS),and make a primary relative study on the relationship between VEGF and pH.Methods Thirty-nine patients with mild to moderate OSAHS,36 patients with severe OSAHS and 18 healthy snorers who had been admitted to the First Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical College from Feb.2003 to Sep.2004 were enrolled in this study.The serum levels of VEGF were detected in all patients at 7:00 AM the next day after the detection of polysomnography(PSG).Additionally 31 patients with OSAHS were detected by doppler echocardiography to get the values of pulmonary artery pression.Results There was nocturnal hypoxia in patients with OSAHS compared with healthy snorers,and the degree of nocturnal hypoxia was depended with the grade of OSAHS(both achieved statistical difference)by the detection of PSG.The levels of VEGF was significantly higher in patients with severe OSAHS than in healthy snorers(P

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of aggressive fibromatosis after thyroidectomy.Methods One patient who were admitted into our hospital on January 16,2014 were discovered to have left cervical mass at the regular follow-up 8 months after opertaion.The ultrasonic examination showed that there were low echo area of 58 mm ×30 mm in the 3 ~5 muscular layer at the left neck. And it was diagnosed as aggressive fibromatosis through the puncture disease inspection.Whereafter,the patient were readmitted into hospital and recieved radical resection of the tumor on left side of the neck.The clinical,pathological and radiological data of the patient were collect-ed and analyzed so ao to discuss the diagnosis and treatment experience combined with related literatures.Results Postoperative pathologic examination confirmed that it was aggressive fibromatosis.The patient was actively cooperated with perioperative treatment,and the postoperative recovery was good with no local recurrence during the follow-up up to now.Conclusion Early diagnosis and surgical treatment are needed for patients with aggressive fibromatosis after thyroidectomy.

[Abstract ] Objective The mechanism of psychological stressi-nduced damage to vascular endothelial cells (VEC) is not yet clear.This study was to investigate the impact of psychological stress on the NO level and NO-related regulatory protein expression in the plasma of rat models of psychological stress-induced VEC injury. Methods Twenty male SD rats were equally randomized into a con-trol group and a model group, the former raised together, with water regularly fed at 9:00 and 21:00 hours for 10 minutes a day, while the latter raised alone, with water regularly fed at the same hours for 10 minutes a day for the first 7 days and then with water or an empty bottle at the same hours for 10 minutes a day according to the random table.Ninety days later,all the rats were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline at 0.2 ml per 100 g body weight twice a day.Then the behaviors of the animals were observed by open field tests, the contents of cortisol (COR),adrenaline (Adr), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the plasma measured by ELISA, the NO level detected by the nitrate reductase method, and the expression of NO-related regulatory proteins in VECs determined by LC-ESI-MS. Results Com-pared with the control group, the model rats showed significant increases in the vertical score (7.00 ±0.70 vs 11.28 ±1.79), horizontal score (37.60 ±4.500 vs 56.25 ±1.71), and total score (44.50 ±5.50 vs 67.25 ±2.98) (P<0.01) as well as in the levels of COR ([65.28 ±2.21] vs [83.85 ±1.95] ng/mL ) and Adr ([3.85 ±0.35] vs [15.14 ±3.97] pg/mL) (P<0.01), but a remarkable de-with vacuoles in the VECs in the model group and structural integrity, ridge clarity, and tight pack in the VEC mitochondria in the con-trol. Conclusion Psychological stress induced by empty bottle stimulation can reduce the NO level and the expression of NO-related regulatory proteins in the plasma, which may cause both functional and structural damages to VECs.

Objective: To observe the effect of tripterygium polyglycosid(TP,雷公藤) on airway inflammation and remodeling in rats with asthma.Methods: Forty rats were randomly divided evenly into negative control group,positive control group,normal dose TP group(TPⅠ group) and small dose TP group(TPⅡgroup).The experimental model was induced by ovalbumin sensitization.Number of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) was observed by immunocytochemical staining.The expressions of nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B),matrix metalloproteinases-9(MMP-9) and tissue of inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1(TIMP-1) were detected by immunohistochemistry method.Results: Compared with the negative control group,the counts of lymphocyte,neutrophilic leukocyte,macrophage and eosinocyte in BALF were elevated significantly,positive cell percentages of NF-?B, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in lung tissues increased greatly in positive control group,the differences being significant(all P

Human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) is a major causative agent of hand,foot and mouth disease.Children infection with HEV71 can lead to series of neurological complications including aseptic meningitis,cerebral ataxia and even fatal outcomes.During recent decades,epidemic of hand,foot and mouth disease have occurred in many countries and regions in the world,which has become a major public health problem for children's health.There are no specific antiviral drugs for HEV71 infection,so it is necessary to develop safe and effective vaccine.In recent years,the research on HEV71 vaccine has made a breakthrough,and this article reviews the research progress of the vaccine.

Objective To establish normal reference ranges for serum cystatin C (Cys C)in relatively healthy middle-aged and elderly(＞50 years)Chinese individuals.Methods A total of 1087 candidates were consecutively selected and serum Cys-C levels were measured by transmission turbidimetry.Frequency analysis and histogram were used to establish the 95％ confidence reference range according to methods provided by CLSI (C28-A2).Results Based on the definition and verification procedures for clinical laboratory reference ranges(CLSI C28-A2,second edition),Cys-C levels of 1087 participants fell within the range of 0.30-1.55 mg/L;Male participants had higher serum Cys-C levels than female participants(Z=-10.19,P＜0.01).The serum Cys-C level increased with age,regardless of gender(R =0.600,P＜ 0.01).Differences in Cys-C levels between age groups were statistically significant (x2=411.17,P＜ 0.01).The reference ranges of normal serum Cys-C levels for different age groups (50-,55-,60-,65-,70-,75-,) were 0.42-0.98mg/L,0.45-1.04mg/L,0.47-1.34mg/L,0.46-1.38mg/L,0.61-1.33mg/L,0.61-1.28 mg/L,respectively,for males,and 0.39-0.94mg/L,0.42-1.01mg/L,0.40-0.91mg/L,0.46-1.03mg/L,0.57-1.04mg/L,0.55-1.27mg/L,respectively,for females.Conclusions This study established preliminary normal serum Cys-C reference ranges for healthy middle-aged and elderly(＞ 50 years)individuals in this region,which can serve as parameters for disease diagnosis and treatment evaluation.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effects of Yiweikang(YWK)capsule on gastric mucosa of the model rats with gastritis and gastric ulcer.METHODS:The experimental rats were randomly divided into five groups:YWK high-dosage group,YWK moderate-dosage group,YWK low-dosage group,positive control group(treated with drenched cime?tidine capsule,0.1g/kg),and negative control group(provided with drenched isovolumic distilled water or sodium chloride)in order to observe the effects of YWK for excitable gastric ulcer in mice and gastric ulcer in rats induced by alcohol and pylorus-ligature.RESULTS:Compared with the negative controls,gastric acid,gastric juice and ulcer indices in YWK group declined,most significantly in high-dosage group.CONCLUSION:YWK in oral administration has preventive effects for excitable ulc_ er,alcohol induced ulcer and pylorus-ligature induced ulcer.It also can help the recovery of gastric mucosa of ulcer model rats.

Objective To analyze the related factors of nursing risk in department of nephrology and to explore strategies of risk management.Methods Risk management was implemented to 39 nurses in department of nephrology of our hospital.The KAP scores,the incidence of nursing risk events,nursing complaints and patients' satisfaction degree before and after the implementation of nursing risk management were compared.Results After the implementation of nursing risk management,nurses' KAP score was significantly higher; the incidence of nursing risk events and complaints significantly reduced; patients' satisfaction degree to nursing were significantly higher compared with those before the implementation.Conclusions The implementation of nursing risk management can effectively improve the quality of nursing and reduce the incidence of nursing risk events.

Objective To study the roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in the progress of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis(IPA) in experimental mice.Methods The mice were divided into three groups including the group of normal mice,the group of normal mice infected with A.fumigatus and the group of IPA mice.The mice were sacrificed at four time points(8 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h) after infection.The lung tissues from each group were collected for pathological analysis and RT-PcR for detecting the expression level of,TLR2,TLR4 and β-tublin.The ratio of density value of band of each PCR product on electrophoresis to the density value of β-tublin was used to evaluate the expression level of each gene like TLR2.TLR4 and TNF-α.Re-suits The pathological analysis showed the normal structure and no inflananatory reaction in the lungs in the group of normal mice.The infiltration of inflammatory cells,weak injuries and no germination of spore into hypha in the lungs of normal mice infected with A.fumigatus,and serious injuries like destruction of alveolar structure,bleeding,infiltration of inflammatory cells and germination of spore into hypha in the lungs of IPA mice.The expression level of TLR4 at 8 h,24 h,48 h and TNF-α at 24 h and 48 h were lower in IPA mice than that in healthy mice with infection(P<0.05).Conclusion There was low expression of TLR4 and TNF-α in IPA mice lung tissues.Typical pathological injuries in the lungs and germination of spore into hy-pha in IPA mice were observed by the microscope.