[Summary] Radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation and active surveillance are the main treatments for localized prostate cancer. However, many patients are difficult to accept the psychological burden of active surveillance and the distress caused by potential side effects of radical therapy, including incontinence and erectile dysfunction, which make them limited. With the development of minimally invasive techniques, such as brachytherapy, cryoablation, high-intensity focused ultrasound, photodynamic therapy, and irreversible electroporation, novel procedures are playing an increasingly important role in the treatment of localized prostate cancer with their effective, minimally invasive, and safe advantages. This article mainly reviewed the above several minimally invasive treatment methods.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of HR -HPV combined with TCT in the diagnosis of cervical cancer and precancerous lesion.Methods 1 198 cervical specimens were selected for the study.The results of HR -HPV detection and TCT detection were analyzed,with the pathological results as the gold standard,the diag-nostic value of HR -HPV and TCT in the diagnosis of cervical cancer and precancerous lesion were discussed. Results With increasing pathological grade,TCT positive rate increased gradually,there was a correlation between them(r =0.629,P <0.05).With increasing pathological grade,HR -HPV positive rate increased gradually,there was a correlation between them(r =0.684,P <0.05).The sensitivity of HR -HPV combined with TCT in the differ-ential diagnosis of cervical cancer,precancerous lesions was 100.00%,specificity was 79.64%,missed diagnosis rate was 0.00%,the misdiagnosis rate was 20.36%.Conclusion HR -HPV combined with TCT examination has high clinical value in the diagnosis of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.

Objective To investigate the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of 3p D3S1300 and D3S1289 loci of plasma DNA of lung cancer (LC) patients and evaluate its value for a tumor marker of lung cancer.Methods Two microsatellite markers,D3S1300 and D3S1289,were analyzed by PCR and silver staining to investigate LOH of the plasma DNA and cancer tissue DNA from 69 cases of primary lung cancer,and the plasma DNA from 40 control subjects.Results The percentages of D3S1300 LOH detected in the tumor tissue and plasma DNA of LC patients were 40.6% and 29.0% respectively,while the percentages of D3S1289 LOH were 31.9% and 24.6% respectively.In contrast,only 2 cases of D3S1300 LOH and 3 cases of D3S1289 LOH were found in plasma DNA of control group (P

Melanoma is the most aggressive and lethal malignant tumor in skin cancers. Operation resection is used to treat stageⅠ/Ⅱmelanomas, but traditional operation, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy inflicts adverse effects on late-stage melanomas. StageⅢ/Ⅳmelanomas are some of the most ineffectively treated tumors with poor prognosis. As a cancer treatment, targeted immunotherapy in-hibits negative regulatory factors and enhances systemic anti-tumor immune effects. Radiotherapy not only kills tumor cells, but also en-hances systemic immune responses. Recent studies showed that targeted immunotherapy combined with radiotherapy can promote con-trol on local and distant tumors and prolong overall survival. The synergistic effects of these two therapies are superior to a single thera-py. This review summarized the progress on these research fields.

Objective To explore the application of scene type trace method in physiology teach-ing reform. Methods 2009 grade clinical medicine students in Zunyi Medical College were randomly di-vided into two groups:control group (n=111) and experiment group (n=108). Students in control group were taught by traditional teaching method while those in experimented group by scene type trace method. According to the questionnaire survey and the final exam statistical analysis,the effects of teach-ing were evaluated. SPSS 15.0 software was used to do statistical analysis. Qualitative data were analyzed by chi-square test of completely randomized design and two sets of frequency distribution while quantita-tive data by independent samples t test. P<0.05 means that difference is statistically significant. Results There were statistically differences in satisfaction degree of two teaching methods. More students were sat-isfied with scene type trace method than traditional teaching method. Final exam achievement in scene type trace method group(79.90±14.25,90.74%)were higher than that in the traditional teaching method group(72.35±17.09,83.78%). Conclusions Physiology teaching scene type trace method is helpful to improve the students' learning initiative and significantly improve students' learning achieve-ment.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM: To investigate the regulatory mechanism of histone acetylation on cardiac hypertrophy in -duced by phenylephrine , and to provide a new idea for preventing and curing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy .METHODS:Phenylephrine was given by continuous subcutaneous injection for modeling cardiac hypertrophy in C 57BL/6 mice.The le-vel of histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27ac) in the promoter of cardiac nuclear transcription factor GATA4 and the mRNA expression of GATA4 were identified by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and real-time PCR, respectively. Meanwhile, the protein expression of histone H3K27ac, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) was determined by Western blot .Cardiac hypertrophy in the mice was observed by HE staining and echocardio-graphy.RESULTS:The results of Western blot showed that the level of histone H 3K27ac in phenylephrine group was sig-nificantly increased compared with normal saline group (P<0.05), and ChIP-qPCR data showed that the level of histone H3K27ac in the promoter of GATA4 was increased significantly in the same samples (P<0.05).The expression levels of GATA4 mRNA and ANP protein in phenylephrine group were apparently increased compared with normal saline group ( P<0.05).However, histone acetylase inhibitor anacardic acid attenuated histone H 3K27 hyperacetylation induced by pheny-lephrine, and downregulated the over-expression of GATA4 and ANP in the heart of the mice (P<0.05).HE staining and echocardiography data showed that phenylephrine apparently increased left ventricular posterior wall thickness and de -creased left ventricular end-systolic diameter and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter , while anacardic acid also reversed these indexes that mentioned above and attenuated cardiac hypertrophy induced by phenylephrine in the mice .CONCLU-SION:Histone acetylation modification imbalance is involved in cardiac hypertrophy induced by phenylephrine , and the histone acetylase inhibitor anacardic acid decreases histone hyperacetylation induced by phenylephrine and attenuates car -diac hypertrophy in the mice .

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of the low field MRCP in obstructive jaundice by comparing its result with that of US and CT. Methods 55 cases of obstruction jaundice patients proved by clinical diagnosis were studied and compared the collected original diagnosis results by low filde MRCP with US and CT.Results Of 55 cases of obstructive jaundice, 30 were cholelithiasis ,21 were tumors and 4 belonged to the other type. The accuracy of MRCP for defining the site of obstruction was 100%. The accuracy for identifying the cause of obstruction was 81.8%.Conclusion The low filde MRCP can accurately define the obstructive site in biliary obstructive disease .When used together with 2D single-shot breath-hold MRCP , T 2WI, T 1WI and 3D-FSE MRCP shows high accuracy and sensitivity in diagnosing obstructive jaundice.

Aim The aim of the present study is to in-vestigate the effect of the specific antagonist NVP-AAM077 and Ro25-6981 of NMDA receptor subunit NR2A and NR2B on global cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal injury in the CA1 region. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice subjected to global ischemia by the three-vessel occlusion( 3-VO) method,were divided into four groups: sham-operated group,ischemia/reperfusion control group,NVP-AAM077 treatment group,and Ro25-6981 treatment group. Hippocampal sections were processed for Fluoro-Jade B staining to detect degenerating neurons and for Nissl staining to identify surviving neurons. The expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor( BDNF) were measured by Western blot. Results ① Transient brain ischemia induced selective and delayed neuron death in the CA1 region of the hippocampus at 12-minute ischemia after reperfusion 3 days. NR2A subtype specific antagonist NVP-AAM077 enhanced neuronal death after transient global ischemia ( P

Object To set up the quantitative method for determining the puerarin in Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD) by RP-HPLC and to study the change of puerarin contents in various combinations of GQD. Methods L 8(2 7) orthogonal design and statistic analysis (SPSS 10.0) were used, the puerarin contents in the samples were determined by HPLC. Results Influence of Radix Scutellaria, Rhizoma Coptidis and Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata on the puerarin content in GQD was insignificant. And interactions between two of three were insignificant too. In this experiment, puperarin in the sedimentation was found in the compatible decoction of Rhizoma Coptidis and Radix Puerariae. Conclusion The puerarin content is not markedly influenced by Radix Scutellaria, Rhizoma Coptidis and Radix Glycyrrhizae Preparata. Maybe, the change of pH is relevant to the sedimentation in the compatible decoction contained Rhizoma Coptidis. and Radix Puerariae

Objective To study the roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in the progress of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis(IPA) in experimental mice.Methods The mice were divided into three groups including the group of normal mice,the group of normal mice infected with A.fumigatus and the group of IPA mice.The mice were sacrificed at four time points(8 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h) after infection.The lung tissues from each group were collected for pathological analysis and RT-PcR for detecting the expression level of,TLR2,TLR4 and β-tublin.The ratio of density value of band of each PCR product on electrophoresis to the density value of β-tublin was used to evaluate the expression level of each gene like TLR2.TLR4 and TNF-α.Re-suits The pathological analysis showed the normal structure and no inflananatory reaction in the lungs in the group of normal mice.The infiltration of inflammatory cells,weak injuries and no germination of spore into hypha in the lungs of normal mice infected with A.fumigatus,and serious injuries like destruction of alveolar structure,bleeding,infiltration of inflammatory cells and germination of spore into hypha in the lungs of IPA mice.The expression level of TLR4 at 8 h,24 h,48 h and TNF-α at 24 h and 48 h were lower in IPA mice than that in healthy mice with infection(P<0.05).Conclusion There was low expression of TLR4 and TNF-α in IPA mice lung tissues.Typical pathological injuries in the lungs and germination of spore into hy-pha in IPA mice were observed by the microscope.