Objective:To investigate whether hydroxytyrosol (HT) may ameliorate oxidative stress and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B) activation in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cell line.Methods:The intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) as a fluorescent probe.Intracellular glutathione (GSH) level was estimated by fluorometric methods;Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured as nitrite (a stable metabolite of NO) concentrations.Western blot analysis was used to detect the expressin level of NF-?B.Results:The results showed that treatment of THP-1 cells with HT significantly reduced LPS-stimulated NO production and ROS formation in a concentration-dependent manner.HT at 50 and 100 ?mol/L concentrations increased the GSH level.The specific DNA-binding activities of NF-?B in nuclear extracts from 50 and 100 ?mol/L HT treatments were significantly suppressed.The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) also showed the same effects as HT on LPS-induced ROS and NO production,change of GSH level,and NF-?B activation.Conclusion:These findings suggest that HT has antioxidant activity by suppressing intracellular oxidative stress and NF-?B activation in THP-1 cells.

Objective To probe into the medical cost and economic losses of childhood asthma. Methods Total 200 of asthmatic children aged 2~16 yrs were diagnosed according to asthma OPD and enrolled in this study from the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University during 2005—2006. All of them were taken the epidemiologic and economic survey. Results Among them, 184 were from kindergartens, primary or middle schools. There were totally 7 629 days for the asthmatic children absent from class per year because of illness. The overall direct economic loss was RMB 798 467.00 and indirect loss was RMB 210 997.80 yearly. Conclusion Asthma not only brings about great impact on children physical and mental health, but also exerts massive economic loss on the society and families. The whole society and medical workers should pay more attention to it and try to reduce its harm to a relatively low level.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of caffeine citrate combined with continuous positive airway pressure( CPAP) in the treatment of primary apnea of prematurity.Methods 80 premature infants with primary apnea who received therapy from January 2014 to August 2015 were selected as research subjects.According to ran-dom number table,the infants were divided into two groups equally.Besides conventional treatments,the control group received treatment of caffeine citrate,while the observation group received CPAP and caffeine citrate.Then,the cura-tive efficacy,situation of apnea and adverse reactions were compared.Results The total effective rate between the observation group and the control group had statically significant difference(95.0%vs.77.5%,P<0.05) .Compared with the control group,the observation group had statistically less seizure frequency,shorter duration of seizure and disappearance time of symptoms(all P<0.05).During the treatment,incidence rates of tachycardia,dysphoria and electrolyte disturbance in the observation group were statistically lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05), while the incidence of feeding intolerance in the two groups had no statistically significant difference ( P >0 .0 5 ) . Conclusion Caffeine citrate in combination with CPAP is effective for primary apnea of prematurity,which can sig-nificantly increase curative efficacy,lessen seizure frequency of apnea,shorten duration of seizure and disappearance time of symptoms with less adverse reactions.

OBJECTIVETo observe the impact of acupuncture on the subjective symptom, sleep quality and sleep efficiency in the patients of insomnia differentiated as spleen deficiency or non-spleen deficiency in terms of the spleen and stomach theory.

METHODSSixty patients with insomnia were divided into a spleen deficiency group and a non-spleen deficiency group, 30 cases in each one. In the two groups, acupuncture was applied at Sishencong (EX-HN1), Shenmen (HT 7), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zusanli (ST 36) and Tianshu (ST 25). The treatment was given once every other day, five times as one course, and two courses were required. The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was used to observe the changes in the patients' subjective symptoms. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was adopted to observe the changes of patients' sleep quality. The sleep efficiency was applied to observe the changes in sleep time. The clinical efficacy was determined.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was both 80. 0% (24/30) after 5 and 10 treatments in the spleen deficiency group and was 76. 7% (23/30) and 80. 0% (24/30) respectively in the non-spleen deficiency group. The differences were not significant between the two groups (both P >0. 05). The AIS total scores and PSQI total scores were reduced apparently after 5 and 10 treatments as compared with those before treatment (all P<0. 01). The difference at each time point was not significant between the two groups (all P>0. 05). The sleep efficiency after 5 and 10 treatments was all improved as compared with that before the treatment in the two groups (all P<0. 01).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture based on the spleen and stomach theory achieves possibly the same clinical efficacy in the patients of insomnia differentiated as those with spleen deficiency and non-spleen deficiency. It relieves the subjective symptoms and improves the sleep quality and sleep efficiency in the patients.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sleep ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Spleen ; physiopathology ; Stomach ; physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome

Rotundine (1 micromol L(-1)) was incubated with a panel of rCYP enzymes (1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4) in vitro. The remained parent drug in incubates was quantitatively analyzed by an Agilent LC-MS. CYP2C19, 3A4 and 2D6 were identified to be the isoenzymes involved in the metabolism of rotundine. The individual contributions of CYP2C19, 3A4 and 2D6 to the rotundine metabolism were assessed using the method of total normalized rate to be 31.46%, 60.37% and 8.17%, respectively. The metabolites of rotundine in incubates were screened with ESI-MS at selected ion mode, and were further identified using MS2 spectra and precise molecular mass obtained from an Agilent LC/Q-TOF-MSMS, as well as MS(n) spectra of LC-iTrap-MS(n). The predominant metabolic pathway of rotundine in rCYP incubates was O-demethylation. A total 5 metabolites were identified including 4 isomerides of mono demethylated rotundine and one di-demethylated metabolite. The results also showed that CYP2C19, 2D6 and 3A4 mediated O-demethylation of methoxyl groups at different positions of rotundine. Furthermore, the ESI-MS cleavage patterns of rotundine and its metabolites were explored by using LC/Q-TOF-MSMS and LC/iTrap-MS(n) techniques.

Objectives:To study the clinical characteristics of myopia in children and the measures to prevent it. Methods:748 patients with myopia were analyzed by refraction examination. Results:By the classification of the causes of myopia, the simple myopia constitutes the majority. By the degrees of the disease, the number of mild myopia was the first and moderate myopia was the second. By the patterns,the amount of compound myopic astigmatism was the majority. The correction of simple myopia or mild and moderate myopia was the most effective way. Of the patients(4～14 years), the age of 12 years had the highest myopia rate. Conclusions:To pay great attention to the prevention works of myopia in grade school years. Correcting refraction exactly and on time is an effective method to slow down the progression of myopia in children.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of Okam on asthmatic mice.Methods The mice model of asthma was established with the egg albumen sensitization, and were treated with low and large doses of Okam for four weeks.The pathological changes of lung tissues were observed.Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the contents of matrix metalloproteinases-9(MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor Metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the lung tissues.Results Gasp and inflammation in the lung tissues were significantly relieved in the test groups than that in the model group.MMP-9,TIMP-1 and MMP- 9/TIMP-1 ratios were significantly lowered in the test group than that in the model group. Conclusion The marine drug of Okam shows therapeutic effects on mice with asthma,which may be the result of reduced contents of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the lung tissues and the correction of the imbalanced MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio.Okam is likely to be a new choice for the treatment of asthma.

OBJECTIVE To study the relativity among PreS1-Antigen,HBV markers and HBV-DNA. METHODS The HBV markers,PreS1-antigen and HBV-DNA were determined by ELISA and PCR in 102 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 73 healthy persons. RESULTS Among 102 patients with chronic hepatitis B,the concordance rate of PreS1-antigen and HBeAg with HBV-DNA was 70.6% and 75.5%.The sensitivity of PreS1 was better than HBeAg but the specificity was contrary.It represented some patients with HBeAg(-) still had viral replication.On the increase in the level of HBV-DNA,the positive rates of PreS1-antigen and HBV markers increased. CONCLUSIONS The detection of PreS1-antigen can well reflect the HBV replication.The synchronous dynamic detection of PreS1-Antigen,HBV markers and HBV-DNA has its important clinical meaning.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the profile of pathogen of infection in kidney disease patients. METHODS Pathogen of infection in kidney disease patients in our hospital from Jan 2004 to Feb 2006 was retrospectively investigated. RESULTS A total of 240 pathogen strains were isolated from 223 cases.Of the 240 isolated strains the rate of strains of Gram-negative bacilli was 55.4%,that of the Gram-positive cocci was 26.3%,the rate of fungi was 10.0% and that of the Gram-positive bacilli was 8.3%.The positive rate of Escherichia coli was the highest followed by Haemophilus influenzae.54.2% Of isolates were from urine,21.3% from sputum.The isolated pathogens resisted at different degrees to antibiotics which were used frequently in clinic.The rate of polyinfection was not high. CONCLUSIONS Pathogen of infection in kidney disease patients is mainly Enterobacteriaceae.The isolates mainly are E.coli which is multi-resistant.It mainly causes the urinary infections.

BACKGROUND:We have successfuly prepared digital coraline hydroxyapatite artificial bone scaffold in previous experiments, and it has been confirmed that it has the necessary physical and chemical properties of bone tissue engineering scaffolds. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitization of digital coraline hydroxyapatite artificial bone scaffold. METHODS:A total of 32 guinea pigs were randomly divided into saline group (negative control group, n=8), 5% formaldehyde group (positive control group,n=8), experimental A group (the mass ratio of 3:1,n=8), and experimental B group (the mass ratio of 4:1,n=8). Sensitization test at the maximal dosage was performed according toBiological Evaluation of Medical Devices-Part 10: Tests for Irritation and Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity, including intracutaneous induction, local induction, and provocation. Patch was removed after 24 and 48 hours, and the skin response was classified according to Magnusson and Kligman criteria. Patch was removed after 48 hours, and the skin was performed with biopsy, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and observed under optical microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Sensitization response was not tested in the negative control group, experimental A group and experimental B group at 24 and 48 hours after patch removal; however, moderate erythema was observed in the positive control group. Optical microscope demonstrated that spongiosis, edema, diffuse or perivascular mononuclear infiltration was not observed, and only a smal number of basicytes were seen in the experimental A and B groups. These findings indicate that the digital coral hydroxyapatite artificial bone scaffolds, with the mass ratio of 3:1 and 4:1, are biologicaly safe for sensitization.