Clonal progression to myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a dreaded complication for a subset of patients with bone marrow failure (BMF). Recognizing risk factors for the development of MDS or AML would inform individualized treatment decisions and identify patients who may benefit from early or upfront hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Now that next-generation DNA sequencing is available in the clinical laboratory, research has focused on the implications of germline and somatic mutations for diagnosing and monitoring patients with BMF. Most germline genetic BMF disorders are characterized by a high propensity to develop MDS or AML. Recent studies of somatic variants in marrow failure revealed a high frequency of clonal hematopoiesis with the acquisition of mutations in genes associated with MDS or AML. The evaluation and implications of germline and somatic mutations for the development of clonal disorders in patients with BMF and challenges of clinical genetic testing will be summarized in this paper based on the reports from the 58th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting.

Myelodysplastic syndromes(MDS) are heterogeneous clonal stem cell disorders.There are about 40 ％-60 ％ MDS patients with abnormal karyotype.To analyze the clone category is not only useful for diagnosis and evaluating prognosis,but also helpful for the selection of optimal therapy strategies to improve the treatment efficacy.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are heterogeneous clonal stem cell disorders characterised not only by peripheral cytopenia and bone marrow hyperplasia but also by karyotype. The course of disease, clinical outcome and response to treatment. Cytogenetic categories is a pattern typing the intrinsical features of MDS. It is suggested here that investigating biological characters and group treatment in MDS based on cytogenetic categories may enhance the therapeutic effect and bring benefit to MDS patients.

Objective To explore the self-rated health condition of hospitalized schizophrenics, manics and major depressed patients.Methods 304 cases with schizophrenics, 112 cases with manics, 98 cases with major depressed and 120 healthy volunteers were assessedwith a self-developed questionnaire and self-related health measurement scale (SRHMS) version 1.0. Results Compared with the controls,schizophrenics and major depressed patients showed lower scores in total score of SRHMS and each factor (PP<0.05). Manics showed lowerscore in social health factor of SRHMS than controls (P<0.05). Major depressive patients showed the lowest scores in total score ofSRHMS and each factor (P<0.01). Compared with manics, shcizophrenics got lower scores in total score of SRHMS, physiological and psychologicalfactors (P<0.05). Conclusion All the patients with these 3 kinds of mental disorders suffer from bad health condition to some extent,especially for major depresive patients.

Persister cells are dormant or slowly grown variations in microbial populations .They are highly tolerant to antibiot-ics but the tolerance are not inherited as the genetic resistance , when persisters are inoculated to fresh medium , most bacteria are still susceptive to antibiotic , while only a small fractiont become persisters again .Persisters are believed to be closely related to clinic bio-film forming and the recurrence and recalcitrance of chronic infections .Different persisters have been found in Escherichia coli , Pseud-omonas aeruginosa , Staphyococcus aureus , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Candida albicans and so on , and a few mechanisms about per-sisters formation have been studied .This article reviews the current progresses of research methods and achievements on persisters from different levels .

Objective To clone and to express the full-length Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A gene and to purify the expressed protein using affinity chromatography. Methods Exotoxin A gene was amplified from the recombinant plasmid pSK/PEA-T vector and subcloned into the pMAL-P2X vector. Then the recombinant plasmid pMAL- PEA was transformed to E.coli BL21. After induction with IPTG, the expressed protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and purified with affinity chromatography. Results The recombinants expressed the fusion protein at a level of about 20% of total cell proteins, and 80% of the fusion protein was secreted into the supernatant. Conclusion Successful expression and purification of PEA are of significance for in-depth study of the pathogenic mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and preparing immunotoxin.

Objective The patient started from St. Louis (U. S.), and reached Chengdu (China) after 3 days of flight(St. Louis- Tokyo- Beijing - Chengdu). The patient felt unwell, so he and the two relatives took a taxi to the Emergency Center of Sichuan Provincial People' s Hospital for treatment. The epidemiological survey showed that, the patient had been living in the University of Missouri in the United States, no pigs died locally, there were no markets for the living pigs, farmers markets, farms, and slaughterhouses, and he hadn't contact with pigs. But 4 days before the onset, he closely contacted with a schoolmate, who had cold symptoms. The pa-tient had never been to virus laboratory 7 days before the onset. Clinical examinations showed that, the patient had a fever (37.8 ～ 38.8℃), WBC 7.9×10-9 L-1, N 5.475 × 10-9 L-1, L 19.5% ;the chest X-ray shewed that texture increased and the heart shadow augmented on both lungs; the result of throat swab culture was negative. The result of virus nucleic aeid detected by Sichnan Provincial Center for Disease Control showed H1N1 influenza virus, suspected. Sichuan Province Health organization organized experts on the prevention and control of H1N1 influenza for consultation, and the patient was diagnosed as the first suspected H1N1 influenza case in mainland China based on the epidemiological investigation, symptoms and signs of the patient, the results of laboratory ex-amination, and the result of virus test. Confirmed by the experts from Chinese center for disease control and pre-vention and The Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China, the patient was diagnosed as the first H1N1 influenza case in mainland China.

0.05). Conclusion Deficiency of Qi, Blood stasis, Damp-phlegm and Deficiency of Yin are main syndromes of TCM in adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma. In Deficiency of Qi, lung-deficiency of Qi and spleen-deficiency of Qi are common syndromes of TCM. Appearing frequency of syndromes of TCM between adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma is similar.

Objective To investigate the distributing characteristics of blood stasis syndrome on 300 cases of advanced stage lung cancer patiens. Method Through filling in the table-syndrome of distributing characteristics of primary pulmonary carcinoma for stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ patients,the distributing characteristics of blood stasis syndrome in advanced lung cancer patiens were observed. Result The constituent ratio of blood stasis syndrome increased significantly following the worse patho-typing degree,the cell differentiation degree,the occurrence of hepatic metastasis,opposite pulmonary metastasis,osseous metastasis and troisier sign. Conclusion The syndrome of blood stasis of lung cancer has the distinct feature. Accordingly,the diagnostic standard which can be qualified of syndrome of blood stasis should be established. Only in that way can we guide the clinical diagnosis,the evaluation of therapeutic effect and the clinical trial of new drug of TCM preferably.

Objective To establish the RP-HPLC method for the determination of myricetrin and quercitroside in Euphorbia Hirta L.Methods The ZORBAX SB-C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μn) column was used,the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:0.1％ H3PO4(21 ∶ 79),the flow rate was 0.8 ml/min,the column temperature was 30℃ the detecting wavelength was at 256 nm.Results The cablibration curve was linear within a range of 0.013～0.26 mg/ml and 0.008～0.16 mg/ml,the average recovery was 99.1％,98.9％and the RSD was 0.91％,1.55％,respectively.Conclusion The method is simple,repeatable and accurate,it can be applied in quantitative determination of myricetrin and quercitroside in Euphorbia Hirta L..