ObjectiveTo explore the effect of serum containing Zhenwutang on myocardial mast cell apoptosis induced by angiotensin Ⅱ （AngⅡ） and the mechanism of the correlation between apoptosis and mitochondrial autophagy. MethodsIn this experiment， AngⅡ and serum containing Zhenwutang with different concentrations were used to interfere with H9C2 cardiomyocytes for 24 h， and the survival rate of H9C2 cardiomyocytes was detected by cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） to screen the optimal concentration for the experiment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect the content of B-type natriuretic peptide （BNP） in cell culture supernatant， and immunofluorescence was used to detect the cell surface area to verify the construction of the myocardial mast cell model. Subsequently， the experiment was divided into a blank group （20% blank serum）， a model group （20% blank serum + 5×10^-5 mol·L^-1 AngⅡ）， low-， medium-， and high-dose （5%， 10% and 20%） serum containing Zhenwutang groups， an autophagy inhibitor group （1×10^-4 mol·L^-1 3-MA）， and autophagy inducer group （1×10^-7 mol·L^-1 rapamycin）. The apoptosis level of H9C2 cells and the changes of mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry. The lysosomal probe （Lyso Tracker） and mitochondrial probe （Mito Tracker） co-localization was employed to detect autophagy. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect Caspase-3， Caspase-9， B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-related X protein （Bax）， and cytochrome C （Cyt C） in apoptosis-related pathways and the relative mRNA expression of ubiquitin ligase （Parkin）， phosphatase and tensin homolog （PTEN）-induced kinase 1 （PINK1）， and p62 protein in mitochondrial autophagy-related pathways. Western blot was used to detect cleaved Caspase-3， cleaved Caspase-9， Bax， Bcl-2， and Cyt C in apoptosis-related pathways， phosphorylated ubiquitin ligase （p-Parkin）， phosphorylated PTEN-induced kinase 1 （p-PINK1）， p62， and Bcl-2 homology domain protein Beclin1 in mitochondrial autophagy-related pathways， and the change of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 （LC3） Ⅱ/Ⅰ ratio. ResultsCCK-8 showed that when the concentration of AngⅡ was 5×10^-5 mol·L^-1， the cell activity was the lowest， and there was no cytotoxicity. At this concentration， the surface area of cardiomyocytes was significantly increased （P<0.01）， and the content of BNP in the supernatant of culture medium was significantly increased （P<0.05）. Therefore， AngⅡ with a concentration of 5×10^-5 mol·L^-1 was selected for the subsequent modeling of myocardial mast cells. Compared with the blank group， the model group and the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA group had a significantly increased apoptosis rate （P<0.01） and significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential （P<0.01）. The results of immunofluorescence co-localization showed that compared with the blank group， the model group had a significantly decreased number of red and green fluorescence spots. The results of Real-time PCR showed that compared with that in the blank group， the relative mRNA expression of Bax， Caspase-3， Caspase-9， Cyt C， and p62 in the model group was significantly up-regulated （P<0.01）， while the relative mRNA expression of Bcl-2， Parkin， and PINK1 was significantly down-regulated （P<0.01）. In addition， the relative protein expression of Bax， cleaved Caspase-3， cleaved Caspase-9， Cyt C， and p62 was significantly up-regulated （P<0.01）. The LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ was significantly decreased， and the relative protein expression of Bcl-2， p-Parkin， p-PINK1， and Beclin1 was significantly down-regulated （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the serum containing Zhenwutang groups and the autophagy inducer group had significantly decreased apoptosis rate （P<0.01）， and the decrease ratio of mitochondrial membrane potential is significantly lowered （P<0.01） in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally， both red and green fluorescence spots became more in these groups. In the 3-MA group， the number of red and green fluorescence spots decreased significantly. The relative mRNA expression of Bax， Caspase-3， Caspase-9， Cyt C， and p62 was significantly down-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while that of Bcl-2， Parkin， and PINK1 was significantly up-regulated （P<0.01）. In the serum containing Zhenwutang groups， the relative protein expression levels of Bax， cleaved Caspase-3， cleaved Caspase-9， Cyt C， and p62 were significantly down-regulated （P<0.05，P<0.01）. The LC3Ⅱ/Ⅰ was significantly increased， and the relative protein expression levels of Bcl-2， p-Parkin， p-PINK1， and Beclin1 were significantly up-regulated （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe serum containing Zhenwutang can reduce the apoptosis of myocardial mast cells and increase mitochondrial autophagy. This is related to the inhibition of intracellular Bax/Bcl-2/Caspase-3 apoptosis pathway and regulation of Parkin/PINK1 mitochondrial autophagy pathway.

BACKGROUND: It is inaccurate to reflect the level of dust exposure through working years. Furthermore, identifying a predictive indicator for lung function decline is significant for coal miners. The study aimed to explored whether club cell secretory protein (CC16) levels can reflect early lung function changes. METHODS: The cumulative respiratory dust exposure (CDE) levels of 1,461 coal miners were retrospectively assessed by constructed a job-exposure matrix to replace working years. Important factors affecting lung function and CC16 were selected by establishing random forest models. Subsequently, the potential of CC16 to reflect lung injury was explored from multiple perspectives. First, restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used to compare the trends of changes in lung function indicators and plasma CC16 levels after dust exposure. Then mediating analysis was performed to investigate the role of CC16 in the association between dust exposure and lung function decline. Finally, the association between baseline CC16 levels and follow-up lung function was explored. RESULTS: The median CDE were 35.13 mg/m³-years. RCS models revealed a rapid decline in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV₁), and their percentages of predicted values when CDE exceeded 25 mg/m³-years. The dust exposure level (<5 mg/m³-years) causing significant changes in CC16 was much lower than the level (25 mg/m³-years) that caused changes in lung function indicators. CC16 mediated 11.1% to 26.0% of dust-related lung function decline. Additionally, workers with low baseline CC16 levels experienced greater reductions in lung function in the future. CONCLUSIONS CC16 levels are more sensitive than lung indicators in reflecting early lung function injury and plays mediating role in lung function decline induced by dust exposure. Low baseline CC16 levels predict poor future lung function.
Uteroglobin/blood* ; Humans ; Dust/analysis* ; Occupational Exposure/analysis* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Lung Injury/chemically induced* ; Coal Mining ; Biomarkers/blood* ; China/epidemiology* ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; Female

OBJECTIVE: To initially investigate the function of neuronal pentraxin 1 (NPTX1) gene on osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). METHODS: hBMSCs were induced to undergo osteogenic differentiation, and then RNA was collected at different time points, namely 0, 3, 7, 10 and 14 d. The mRNA expression levels of key genes related with osteogenic differentiation, including runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), and NPTX1, were detected on the basis of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technology. In order to establish a stable NPTX1-knockdown hBMSCs cell line, NPTX1 shRNA lentivirus was constructed and used to infect hBMSCs. ALP staining, alizarin red (AR) staining, and qPCR were employed to assess the impact of NPTX1-knockdown on the osteogenic differentiation ability of hBMSCs. RESULTS: The results showed that during the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs in vitro, the mRNA expression levels of osteogenic genes RUNX2, ALP and OCN significantly increased compared with 0 d, while NPTX1 expression decreased markedly (P < 0.01) as the osteogenic induction period exten-ded. At 72 h post-infection with lentivirus, the result of qPCR indicated that the knockdown efficiency of NPTX1 was over 60%. After knocking down NPTX1 in hBMSCs, RNA was extracted from both the NPTX1-knockdown group (sh NPTX1 group) and the control group (shNC group) cultured in regular proliferation medium. The results of qPCR showed that the expression levels of osteogenic-related genes RUNX2 and osterix (OSX) were significantly higher in the sh NPTX1 group compared with the shNC group (P < 0.01). ALP staining revealed a significantly deeper coloration in the sh NPTX1 group than in the shNC group at the end of 7 d of osteogenic induction. AR staining demonstrated a marked increase in mineralized nodules in the sh NPTX1 group compared with the shNC group at the end of 14 d of osteogenic induction. CONCLUSION NPTX1 exerts a modulatory role in the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs, and its knockdown has been found to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. This finding implies that NPTX1 could potentially serve as a therapeutic target for the treatment of osteogenic abnormalities, including osteoporosis.
Humans ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology* ; Osteogenesis/genetics* ; Cell Differentiation/genetics* ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics* ; Cells, Cultured ; C-Reactive Protein/genetics* ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics* ; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/metabolism* ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology* ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Osteocalcin/metabolism* ; Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism* ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism*

To effectively exploit the tumor microenvironment (TME), TME-responsive nanocarriers based on cascade reactions have received much attention. In this study, we designed a novel nanoparticle PB@SiO₂@MnO₂@P-Arg (PMP) to construct a cascade reaction nanoplatform. While using biosafety Prussian blue (PB) for photothermal therapy (PTT), this nanoplatform uses silica (SiO₂) as an intermediate layer to assemble Prussian blue and manganese dioxide (MnO₂) into a core-shell structure, which effectively enhances the response of the nanoplatform to TME and promotes the effect of chemodynamic therapy (CDT) resulting from glutathione (GSH) depletion and Fenton-like reaction. The released Mn²⁺ can also be used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Through the cascade reaction, poly-l-arginine (P-Arg) coated on the surface of the nanoparticles can react with hydroxyl radical (•OH) obtained from the Fenton-like reaction to release nitric oxide (NO), which further reacts with O₂•^- to produce the more toxic peroxynitrite anion (ONOO^-). The photothermal effect of PB further enhances the effect of the cascade reaction while reducing the amount of heat required for treatment. In vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the antitumor effects of cascade reaction-based nanoplatforms in combined photothermal/chemodynamic/gas cancer therapies, providing new strategies for the design and fabrication of multifunctional nanoplatforms that integrate diagnostic and therapeutic functions, as well as the application of cascade reactions in multimodal synergistic therapy.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of natural moxibustion at "Feishu （BL 13）" on immune balance of T helper cell 17 （Th17） / regulatory T cell （Treg） in healthy rats. MethodsForty-eight rats were randomly divided into 10 rats in the sham moxibustion group and 38 rats in natural moxibustion group. The rats in the sham moxibustion group applied blank acupoint stickers to bilateral "Feishu （BL 13）"， and the rats in natural moxibustion group applied acupoint stickers filled with Compound Banmao Ointment （复方斑蝥膏） to bilateral "Feishu （BL 13）" for a period of 8 h. Thirty rats in natural moxibustion group were successfully blistered after 8 h， and then were randomly divided into 1-day， 3-day and 7-day groups with 10 rats in each group. The general condition of rats was recorded during the experiment； different time groups of natural moxibustion were sampled at the corresponding time， and HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the skin in the area of application； flow cytometry was used to detect the subpopulations of Th17 and Treg in peripheral blood， and the value of Th17/Treg was calculated； and ELISA was used to detect the serum interleukin 17A （IL-17A） and interleukin 6 （IL-6）， interleukin 10 （IL-10） levels. ResultsCompared with sham moxibustion group， blisters can be seen in the application area of rats in 1-day natural moxibustion group， and the rats often scratched the skin of the moxibustion area， which showed loose stratum corneum， thickening of the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum， absence of cells in the basal layer， inflammatory cell infiltration， and elevation of Treg in peripheral blood， and serum IL-17A， IL-6； in 3-day natural moxibustion group， the moxibustion area of the rats was scabbed and partially detached， with the most obvious dermatopathological changes， and elevated peripheral blood Th17 and Treg， and serum IL-17A， IL-6， IL-10； in 7-day natural moxibustion group， skin damage and pathological changes in the area of moxibustion were basically restored； Th17/Treg values were reduced in 1-， 3- and 7-day moxibustion groups after blistering （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the 1-day moxibustion group， peripheral blood Th17， Treg， and serum IL-17A elevated in the 3-day moxibustion group； peripheral blood Treg， serum IL-17A， and IL-6 decreased， and Th17/Treg values elevated in the 7-day moxibustion group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the 3-day moxibustion group， the 7-day moxibustion group had lower peripheral blood Th17 and Treg， serum IL-17A， IL-6， and IL-10， and higher Th17/Treg values （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. ConclusionNatural moxibustion at "Feishu （BL 13）" can shift the Th17/Treg balance towards Treg of healthy rats， which will gradually lead to immune homeostasis， and regulate the relevant inflammatory factors in the serum to prevent inflammation from occurring and developing.

Refeeding syndrome(RFS)has a high incidence among critically ill patients and significantly impacts the re-covery and prognosis of the patients.In this paper,we reviewed the literature on the risk factors and risk prediction models for RFS,finding the risk factors of RFS included patient-related,treatment-related factors and disease-related factors and the risk prediction models encompassed risk stratification model,risk score models and the Logistic regression models.It was concluded from the review that early assessment was crucial to preventing the occurrence of RFS.However,there was still a lack of reliable RFS risk prediction models with good predictive performance.It was found as well that it was crucial for the prevention of RFS to attach importance to nutritional and serological indicators and other factors.It was expected to be a necessity to conduct prospec-tive and multicenter studies to develop a risk prediction model for predicting RFS for ICU patients.Our review provides a refer-ence for early assessment and intervention for critically ill patients with RFS.

TGF-β1 is considered a key mediator in the formation of hepatic fibrosis and mainly acts by activating the downstream Smad signaling pathway.Smad2 and Smad3 are two major downstream regulators that promote TGF-β1-mediated tissue fibrosis,while Smad7 is a negative-feedback regulator of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway and inhibits TGF-β1-mediated hepatic fibrosis.A growing number of studies are showing that natural products can delay the progression of hepatic fibrosis by regulating the TGF-β1/Smad pathway,inhibiting HSC activation,and reducing ECM deposition.This article reviews the molecular mechanism of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in hepatic fibrosis,and summarizes the natural products that target the regulation of this pathway,providing a reference for research into the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.

Objective:To explore the impact of multimorbidity on disability in older adults, providing a reference for formulating strategies for the management and nursing of multimorbidity and disability in older adults.Methods:Adopting the method of cross-sectional survey research, the data of 6 469 older adults (≥60 years old) were collected from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey database in July 2023, including basic information, chronic disease prevalence, and disability measured by basic activities of daily living (BADL), and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). They were divided into multimorbidity and non-multimorbidity groups based on whether they had two or more chronic diseases. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to match the basic conditions of the two groups of older adults with the proportion of 1∶1. Binary logistic regression was applied to analyze the effects of multimorbidity on BADL disability and IADL disability.Results:Among 6 469 older adults, there were 2 882 males and 3 582 females, with 3 158 aged 60-84 years old and 3 311 aged over 84 years old. BADL disability accounted for 26.5% (1 712/6 469), while IADL disability accounted for 66.8% (4 324/6 469). There were 2 335 patients in the multimorbidity group and 4 134 patients in the non-multimorbidity group. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of BADL disability in older adults in multimorbidity group was 1.511 times higher than that in the non-multimorbidity group (95% CI 1.317-1.734, P<0.01); the risk of IADL disability in older adults in the multimorbidity group was 1.618 times higher than that in the non-multimorbidity group (95% CI 1.426-1.835, P<0.01). Conclusions:Multimorbidity would increase the risk of disability in older adults. Relevant authorities should develop relevant interventions and nursing responses to enhance the prevention and management of multimorbidity and disability in older adults.

Objective:To establish a method for the determination of eight N-nitrosamines (N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosomethylmethylamine, N-nitrosodibutylamine, N-nitrosopropylamine, N-nitrosomorpholine, N-nitrosodianiline and N-nitrosopiperidine) in the air of workplace by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) .Methods:From January to August 2023, eight N-nitrosamines in the air of workplace were collected by ThermoSorb/N column, eluted with 4 ml methanol-dichloromethane (1∶1 volume ratio), separated by VF-624 ms capillary column, detected by multiple reaction monitoring mode and quantified by external standard method. The detection limit and precision of the method were also analyzed.Results:The linear range of the method for the determination of eight N-nitrosamines was 1.0-20.0 μg/L, the correlation coefficient was 0.9993-0.9999, the detection limit was 0.051-0.132 μg/L, and the minimum quantitative concentration was 0.030-0.078 μg/m 3 (calculated by collecting 22.5 L of air sample and eluting with 4.0 ml stripping liquid). The within-run precisions were 2.05%-6.89% and the between-run precisions were 2.41%-8.26%. The desorption rates were 67.20%-102.60%. The sample can be kept at least 7 days at 4 ℃. Conclusion:GC-MS/MS method for the determination of eight N-nitrosamines in workplace air has high sensitivity and good precision, and can accurately determine the content of eight N-nitrosamines in workplace air.